drivers for reuse principal driver is water stress (need for water) scarcity of renewable freshwater...
TRANSCRIPT
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Drivers for Reuse
• Principal driver is water stress (need for water)• Scarcity of renewable freshwater resources due
to:– Population increases– Industrial development– Droughts– Global climate changes
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Drivers for Reuse
• Other drivers include:– Conservation of potable supply– Environmental enhancement– Pollution abatement– Reliability of supply– High cost of alternative sources of water– Regulatory policies/regulations
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MWD Water Rates Rise When Sales Fall
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Gas
Motel-100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00
1978
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2012
Water Rate (S/AF)
89%Increase
85% Increase75% Increase
19.7% Increase19.7% Increase
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Cost of Imported Water to San Diego - Nearly Double by 2018
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Immediate Response is Conservation
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Short/Intermediate Term Response is Non-potable Reuse
Wastewater Treatment
Agricultural irrigation
Landscape irrigation
Industrial uses
Other nonpotable uses
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WastewaterTreatment
WaterTreatment
Surface wateror
Groundwater*
*Extracted Groundwater maynot receive further treatment
Short/Intermediate Response is Indirect Potable Reuse
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Definitions
WaterTreatment
Surface Water or
Groundwater WastewaterTreatment
Long Term Response is Direct Potable Reuse
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#1 – Technology Advances will decrease $ and eventually allow direct potable reuse
• Reverse osmosis (RO) to be replaced by NanoElectrolyticOsmosis (NEO)
• Genetic engineering will develop high-rate digestion bacteria that will more efficiently convert biosolids to fuel
• Real-time monitoring of all water quality constituents will be developed and approved by regulatory agencies
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#2 – Full integration of resource management into reuse planning
Interim Step is from Bolt-On Approach
To Liquid Process Integration
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet Light with Light with
HH22OO22
Brine Brine OCSD OutfallOCSD Outfall
Backwash Backwash OCSD Plant 1OCSD Plant 1
MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration(MF)(MF)
Reverse Reverse OsmosisOsmosis
(RO)(RO)
BarrierBarrier
MBR RO/UVPretreat
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#3 – Full integration of resource management into reuse planning
Total Urban Resource Recovery Systems
Urban food wasteSeptageMisc. organics
Methane
OptimizedAnaerobicDigester
Electricity
EfficientElectricityGeneration
CO2
Algae Conversion to Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Final Filter
Nutrient Removal and
Recovery
Inorganic Fertilizer
Low Energy Membrane for BOD and TDS removal
Primary Clarificationor
Filtration
Sewage PrimaryRevenueSources:Water & Energy
SecondaryRevenueSources:Biofuel, Fertilizer & Carbon Credits
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#4 – The nexus between water and energy and the public response to climate change will impact how we
view the cost of water
• We will be billed not by the units of water we used, but by the carbon footprint that is created by developing the water supply
• For example, groundwater will have low carbon foot print while desalination will be high
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#5 – The pace of reuse development will be relatively slow unless…..
“You never let a serious crisis go to waste. And what I mean by that it's an opportunity to do things you think you could not do before”.
Rahm Emmanual
Crisis is Opportunity
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Keys to Reuse Success
Past Lessons are Present Lessons are Future Lessons
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Advocacy Groups can Address Non-Technical Barriers to Indirect Potable
Water Reuse
• Public/user perception and cultural issues – “Toilet to Tap Syndrome”
• Better documentation of economics of water reuse
• Support by local authorities/policy makers
• Project funding
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New Players Advocating for Reuse
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New Players Advocating for Reuse
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San Diego IPR Coalition (broad based advocacy)
• Insert graphic with IPR Coalition logos and tell the story