driving under the influence - honolulu county, hawaii · driving under the influence an overview of...
TRANSCRIPT
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DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCEAN OVERVIEW OF THE OVUII PROCESS
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The Investigation Process for OVUII
•Traffic Violation
•Reasonable Suspicion
Vehicle in Motion
•Observations made by officer
•Statements by suspect
Personal Contact •Sobriety Tests
•PBT/PAS
Pre-Arrest Screening
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How many have been in this position?
“Oh…shhhhoot! It’s da cops!”
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Contacting DUI drivers■ Officers use their senses when contacting drivers on traffic stop.
■ Divide attention by asking multi-part questions and follow up questions.
– License, registration and insurance, then…
– “Where are you coming from tonight?”
■ DUI drivers are usually unable to divide their attention.
■ Watch vehicle exit.
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Field Sobriety Testing
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Top Fifteen List
■ HGN
■ Walk & Turn
■ One Leg Stand
■ Modified Romberg Balance
■ Finger Count
■ Finger to Nose
■ Counting backwards (by 3’s)
■ Tracing
■ Tongue Twisters
■ Tapping Rate
■ Letter Cancellation
■ Grip Strength
■ Coin Pickup
■ Two-Point Tactile
Discrimination
■ Color Naming
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COLOR NAMING?
RED YELLOW BLUE GREEN BLACK
PINK ORANGE BROWN GRAY PURPLE
GREEN GRAY BLACK BLUE YELLOW
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COLOR NAMING?
RED YELLOW BLUE GREEN BLACK
PINK ORANGE BROWN GRAY PURPLE
GREEN GRAY BLACK BLUE YELLOW
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Study Comparison
1983 Stats
■ HGN – 77%
■ Walk & Turn – 68%
■ One Leg Stand –
65%
■ HGN & WAT – 80%
1998 Stats
■ HGN – 88%
■ Walk & Turn – 79%
■ One Leg Stand – 83%
■ HGN & WAT – 91%
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What is Nystagmus?
Nystagmus is the involuntary jerking of the eye
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Alcohol will slow (depress) the optical muscles
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3 - Pre-Test Observations(medical assessment)
■ Stimulus is held 12”-15”
Slightly above eye level
HGN
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Resting Nystagmus
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ARE THE PUPILS
EQUAL IN SIZE?
Eliminate any possible
medical conditions
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IS THERE EQUAL
TRACKING?ELIMINATING
MORE MEDICAL
PROBLEMS
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Lack ofSmooth Pursuit
16
When the eyes jerk or bounce as they follow a smoothly moving stimulus
Stimulus should be moved in a smooth manner to best observe the eyes in motion
Two-second timing is provided based on how the eyes should follow the stimulus if the individual is not impaired by alcohol and/or other drugs
Clue #1
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Lack of Smooth Pursuit
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■ At extreme lateral gaze,
the nystagmus is
obvious and sustained
when the stimulus is
held for a minimum of
four seconds
Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation
18
Clue #2
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Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation
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Angle of Onset Prior
to 45 Degrees
Does the jerking start prior to a 45 degree angle?
The higher degree of impairment, the sooner the jerking will start to be observed.
Clue #3
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Angle of Onset Prior to 45 Degrees
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6 Clues Maximum
■ Clues are generally progressive starting with a lack
of smooth pursuit.
■ HGN can begin as early as a .02 -.03 BAC
4 or more clues = 88% chance
of .08 BAC
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Vertical Nystagmus
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Clues for Walk and Turn Test■ Cannot maintain balance while listening to the instructions
■ Starts too soon
■ Stops while walking
■ Does not touch heel-to-toe
■ Steps off the line
■ Uses arms to balance
■ Improper turn
■ Incorrect number of steps
24
2 or more clues = 79%
chance of .08 BAC
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Clues for One Leg Stand Test
■ Sways while balancing
■ Uses arms to balance
■ Hopping
■ Puts foot down
25
2 or more clues = 83%
chance of .08 BAC
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Preliminary Alcohol Screening
■ PAS is a roadside screening for alcohol
– Helps establish probable cause
– Not admissible in trial
– Voluntary in Hawaii
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Where it all leads…
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It takes less than you think to get arrested.
- A few drinks
- Minor traffic
violation(s)
- Odor of intoxicants
(maybe)
- A few clues on the
SFSTs
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Statewide OVUII Arrests
*Jan. 1 through Aug. 31
2016
Alcohol = 5,630
Drugs =
235
2017
Alcohol = 5,837
Drugs =
259
2018
Alcohol = 5,325
Drugs =
251
2019
Alcohol = 3,375*
Drugs =
194*
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2018 BAC Averages by County
■ BIG ISLAND = .139
■ HONOLULU = .143
■ MAUI = .159
■ KAUAI = .196
Statewide average = .159
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Enough already…let’s take a break!
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WHAT “ROLL” DO YOU TAKE? IF ANY?
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DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE“I would never do something like that…or would I?”
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Treatment
Police
Liquor
Commission
Legislature Ignition
Interlock
Judiciary
Toxicologist
Prosecutors
Societal
Approach
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Liquor
Commission
Law
Enforcement
Education/Treatment
Dept. of Licensing
Judiciary
Legislature
Technology – IIL’s,
oral fluid testing
The Offender
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THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?