drones and tomorrow’s airspace “getting to yes”€¦ · faa recognized amoc for...
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Drones and Tomorrow’s Airspace“Getting to Yes”
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Infrastructure as an Example Unique Challenges Require Novel Solutions
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Timeline! September 2017: Government
of Rwanda partners with C4IR to co-design new drone regulation.
! January 2018: Rwandan cabinet approves new regulation.
! June 2018: Drone Innovators Network launch event
! September 2019: Broad circulation of updated framework.
New Paradigms for Drone RegulationHow can regulators unlock the potential of drones for data, delivery, and transportation?
Impact! Co-Designed and Implemented
national drone regulation in Rwanda, now being tested.
! Drone Innovator’s Network (DIN) established and the 1st Toolkit is being developed for publication.
! Iteration and Implementation of regulation and policy in second test.
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GoalOutdated policies are impeding both life-saving and economically impactful uses cases for drone. This project is enabling regulatory innovation to keep pace with technical innovation.
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Draft Regulations were shared with WEF, by the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA)
Draft Regulations were co-curated by incorporating and evolving Best Practice Standards (ASTM), EASA Prototype Regulations, JARUS SORA, and energy based guidance from UK CAP 722.
Sets up a risk based framework with 3 major categories similar to EASA
• Basic – No authorization, just notification within operational scope• Specific – Aligns with EASA specific category•Complex – BVLOS, Multiple Vehicles per Operator, Highly Autonomous, etc.
Rwandan Pilot ProjectRegulatory Recommendations
Rwandan Pilot ProjectStakeholder Engagement & Learning
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Core Stakeholders! Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA)! Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA)! Ministry of Youth & ICT (MYICT)! Office of the President (OTP)! Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA)! Private Sector Federation – ICT Chamber
Direct Stakeholders! Rwanda Bureau of Standards (RBS)! Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC)! Ministry of Justice! Ministry of Health (MINISANTE)! Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI)! Rwanda Insurers Association (RIA)! Smart Africa Secretariat! Charis Drones! FabLab Rwanda
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How do you Operationalize it?Permitting and Licensing Flowchart
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Toys – Under 250g
Basic – Size, Location, Affiliation with Sports Club.
Specific – Commercial, Medium Risk characteristics.
- speed, size, purpose,
Complex – Commercial, High-Risk characteristics.
- Autonomous, multiple vehicle per operator, BVLOS, urban environments, near airport
What are the Requirements?
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Policy ChallengesPast, Present, Future
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Present (Integrate)
! Identification and Tracking! Over People! Beyond Visual Line of Sight! Autonomous Flights ! Certification processes Re-imagined! Multiple Vehicles per Operator! Commercial Expansion! Software Design Assurance ProcessPast (Accommodate)
! Pilotless Vehicles! Low Altitude! Rural Operations! Small Drones! Within Visual Line of Sight! Data Capture Only! Public Operations Only
Future (Evolve)
! Full-Scale Delivery! “Autonomoation”! Hybrid Designs ! Certification Processes! Data Ownership, Migration,
Consumption ! Privacy! Mixed-Traffic (UTM) ! V2V, V2I, V2x
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The Challenge According to Government
Government Perspective
• Safety – What safety data do I need?
• Security – How do you maintain security?
• Reliability – Are these systems capable?
• Resilience - What are the cyber threats?
• Enforcement – How can regulations be enforced?
• Reality vs. Fiction – What is real and what isn’t?
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Societal Perspective
• Access to Airspace – Where can I fly legally?
• Standards and Best Practices – What will be accepted by
CAAs?
• Licensing and Training Requirements – What licenses are
recognized?
• Opportunities – Which use cases are approvable?
• Stability – Are the rules today the same as tomorrow?
• Transparency - Decision making should be easy to
understand
The Challenge According to Industry & Academia
Getting to Yes – Step 1Regulations and Compliance
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Operational Risk Assessment for sUAS Standard (ASTM WK4679-16)
FAA Recognized AMOC for Authorizations
Severity of Occurring Hazard
Severity Level Definition Value
Catastrophic
Non-sUAS Equipment destroyed (such as electrical
transmission lines, substation, water treatment facility,
etc); multiple fatalities
5
Hazardous
Large reduction in safety margins; vast reduction in ability
to complete duties accurately; single fatality or serious
injury; major equipment damage.
4
Major
Significant reduction in safety margins; reduction in the
ability of pilots to cope with adverse operating conditions
as a result of increased workload; serious accident; injury
to persons.
3
Minor Nuisance; minor incident; 2
Negligible Little or no negative consequence 1
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Likelihood of Hazard Occurring During an Operation
Likelihood Level Definition Value
Frequent Likely to occur many times 5
Occasional Likely to occur sometimes 4
Remote Unlikely, but possible, to occur 3
Improbable Very unlikely to occur 2
Extremely Improbable Almost inconceivable to occur 1
Operational Risk Assessment for sUAS Standard (ASTM WK4679-16) FAA Recognized AMOC for Authorizations
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Specific Operational Risk Assessment
Likelihood of Fatal injuries to third parties on
ground
=
Likelihood of having UAS
operation out-of-control
X
Likelihood of person struck by
the UA if the operation is out of
control
XLikelihood
that, if struck, person is killed
Likelihood of Fatal injuries to third parties in
the air
=
Likelihood of having UAS
operation out-of-control
X
Likelihood of the other A.C. struck by the UA if the
operation is out of control
X
Likelihood that, if struck, the other AC
cannot continue a
safe flight and landing
Likelihood of Damage to critical
infrastructure=
Likelihood of having UAS
operation out-of-control
X
Likelihood of critical
infrastructure struck by the UA if operation is out of
control
X
Likelihoodthat, if struck,
the critical infrastructure
is damaged
Getting to Yes – Step 2 Implementation (CONOPS focused Mitigations)SystemCertificationParachuteRedundanciesSize limitationsSpeed limitationGeofencingTetheringSignal repeaterFail-safeStrobe lightingLicensed SpectrumThird party Software?
EnvironmentWeather reportingFlight PlanUTMAirspace zoningGuidelines for locationSafety requirementsReporting requirementsLocation authorizationsPopulation density
MissionData management rulesOperations manualsTraining on mission typesSafety management systemsCommunity membership requirementsRegistration and approvalsPayloadSeparation from vehicles and property
PersonnelTraining Pilot licensingCompany training requirementsBackground checksSecurity team engagementFlights hoursFlight recordsCrew sizeVisual Observor
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Getting to Yes – Step 3 Advanced Operational Oversight
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System Failures Modes Fishbone Analysis
How a credible failure leads to harm (damage)
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Drones for GoodMake it Meaningful
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