drought presentation presentation

TOPIC:

The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

Presenter: Mark Barnett

AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION,

JAMAICA

Objectives:

• Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA• Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC• Identify mitigation measures implemented by NWC. • Identifies lessons learnt and preventative mechanisms to be adopted. • Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence

The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew

________________________________________

Methodology:

• Literature Review• Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports• First Hand Experience

• Meteorological drought A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period

• Hydrological drought departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some average condition at various points in time

Definition of Droughts:


________________________________________


_______________________________________ Percentage of Normal for 2

Consecutive Months Drought Condition or Status

20% or less Extreme Drought 21% to 40% Severe Drought 41% to 60% Normal Drought Above 60% No Drought

Extreme Drought Severe Drought Normal Drought No Drought

August Clarendon

September Clarendon St. Mary & St. Thomas

October

Portland, St. Mary St. Thomas

November

St. Thomas, Clarendon, St. Mary, KSA and Portland

December St. Thomas

January KSA (New Castle)

February KSA

March ClarendonSt. Mary, St. Thomas & Portland


_______________________________________

Monthly Rainfall Measured in St. Mary

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10

Rai

nfa

ll (m

m)

Rain Fall

30yr Average 1950-1980

30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in Portland

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Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

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Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in KSA

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Rai

nfa

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Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in St. Thomas

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Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows


_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies

Wag Water River Blakes Bridge

0

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-Ja

n-0

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p-0

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v-0

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-De

c-0

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Date

Q [

cu

me

cs

]

Daily Discharge

Average Daily Discharge (1976-2009)

Rainy Season 2009

Rainy Season 2008

Water Resources Authority, 2010

Hope River Gordon Town Daily Discharge

0

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30

Jan-08

Jan-08

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Nov-09

Dec-09

Date

Q [

cu

mecs]

Daily Discharge

Average Daily Discharge (1955-2009)

Rainy Season 2009

Rainy Season 2008


_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies


Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies

Yallahs River/Negro River above NWC Intake (Spot Measurement)

0

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/02

/20

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/20

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/09

/20

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27

/10

/20

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Date

Q [

cu

me

cs

]

Daily Discharge Yallahs River

Daily Discharge Negro River

Rainy Season 2007 Rainy Season 2008

Rainy Season 2009


_______________________________________



_______________________________________


_______________________________________

Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD

KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW

Sea View WTP

2.1 MGD

Constant Spring WTP

15 MGD

Hope WTP

5.5 MGD

Mona WTP

13 MGD

Average production: 54.4 MGD

- during dry season : 49.0 MGD

- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD

- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD

- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD

Transfers5.1 MGD

Rural Sources1.5 MGD

Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD

KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW

Sea View WTP

2.1 MGD

Constant Spring WTP

15 MGD

Hope WTP

5.5 MGD

Mona WTP

13 MGD

Average production: 54.4 MGD

- during dry season : 49.0 MGD

- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD

- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD

- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD

Transfers5.1 MGD

Rural Sources1.5 MGD

• Expected Water Quality Deterioration– Ground Water– Surface

• Invertebrate Population as indicator for surface sources

• Impact of:– Concentration of nutrients under low flow– Microbial contamination in ground water


_______________________________________Water Quality Considerations


_______________________________________

KSA (Mgd)

05

101520253035404550

May

-09

Jun-

09

Jul-0

9

Aug

-09

Sep

-09

Oct

-09

Nov

-09

Dec

-09

Jan-

10

Feb-

10

Mar

-10

Dai

ly P

rod

uctio

n V

olu

me

KSA (Mgd)

KSA (Mgd) 44.73 44.59 41.63 37.1 42.37 42.31 41.32 35.72 34.92 31.7 28.9 30.8

May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Rate of Change of Storage at Mona and Hermitage

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May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Months

Mil

lio

n G

allo

ns

MonaMona CapacityHermittageHermitage Capacity

Net Change in Storage Volumes

-150

-100

-50

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50

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150

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Months

Net

Mo

nth

ly R

ise/

Fal

l MG

Hermitage

Mona

Cumulative Production Over the Period

KSA Revenue Billed vs Revenue Collected

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100

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J$M

Billed Revenue 442.8 523.1 499.9 531.8 556 506.7 506.1 479.7 461.3 404.1 357.4

Revenue Collected 455.1 379.5 362.1 377.6 387.7 454.6 445 362.8 546 453.5 302.9

J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

KSA trucking Cost Increase with Drought

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Apr-09 May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10

Mill

ions

J$

Monthly KSA Energy Usage and Cost Nov 2009 - April 2010

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Apr-10 Mar-10 Feb-10 Jan-10 Dec-09 Nov-09

Mil

lio

ns

(K

WH

)

-

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lio

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J$

KWHCost


_______________________________________Commercial Impact

Social Considerations.


_______________________________________

Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression, or even domestic violenceAffects learning schoolsReductions in nutrition (high-cost food limitations, stress-related dietary deficiencies)Risk to public safety (fires and spills requiring large volumes of water). Increased poverty in general, economic displacementTemporary population migrations to undertake specific personal activities Loss of aesthetic value within communitiesReduction or modification of recreational activitiesPotential for conflicts


_______________________________________

ORAL REHYDRATION / DIARRHOEAL DISEASE REPORTED

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Other Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6

Rep

ort

ed C

ases

(00

0)

J an - Dec 2008 Cases

J an - Dec 2009 Cases

J an - Mar 2009 Cases

J an - Mar 2010 Cases

Public Health Impact Assessment


_______________________________________Institutional

Ministry of Water & Housing

Office of the Prime Minister

Ministry of Mining & Energy

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Health

Government of Jamaica

NWCWRAOURNEPA EHU NIC

Operators

Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approval

Parish Auth.

OPM Ministry of Local Gov.

Ministry Finance

and P ublic Service

Office of the Prime Minister

Ministry of Mining & Energy

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Health

Government of Jamaica

NWCOURNEPA EHU NIC

Water Distributors Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approving

Auth.

Ministry of Water & Housing

WRA STATINWRA

PIOJ Met Off.

Data Collection, Research and Analysis

ODPEM

OPM Ministry of Local Gov.

Parish Auth.

• Reduction in Water Distributing Hours• Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations)• Increased Trucking• Increased Public Education Campaign on Conservation • Prohibition Notice to reduce waste• Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA• Re-activation of Wells out of Operation

Mitigating Actions – Short Term


_______________________________________

• Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB

• Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation Project

• Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210 /

• Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry Department.

Mitigating Actions - Long Term


_______________________________________

Recommendations


_______________________________________

Long term water security for all users

Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities

Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk.

Objectives

• Appoint a drought task force • State the purpose and objectives of the plan• Seek stakeholder participation and resolve conflict • Inventory resources and identify groups at risk• Prepare/write the drought preparedness plan• Identify research needs and fill institutional gaps• Integrate science and policy• Publicize the drought preparedness plan and build public awareness• Develop education programs• Evaluate and revise the drought preparedness plans


_______________________________________Recommendations 10 Point Drought Preparedness Plan

• Effects of climate change on rainfall frequencies and intensities

• Recognition of wastewater effluent as a water resource • Structured approach to city planning• Rain harvesting must be compulsory for both residential

and commercial buildings• Develop an Incentive program to encourage rain

harvesting • Replacement of aged infrastructure


_______________________________________Recommendations –for Considerations

• Exploration and expansion of production capacities for future demands

• Maximize the use of the Liguanea plain aquifer• Replacement of aged infrastructure • Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona &

Hermitage)• Exploration and expansion of production capacities

for future demands.


_______________________________________Recommendations –for Considerations

Conclusions


_______________________________________

KSA experienced both a Meteorological and Hydrological drought.

No long term drought mitigation plan

The large geographic area of KSA was severely affected

Institutional responsiveness were disjointed, adhoc

Increased public health vulnerability especially in children.

There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.

Conclusions


_______________________________________

There were negative socio-cultural impacts

Raw water quality assessment required during droughts

Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month, Electricity cost was not a function of the volume of water treated

Increased trucking activities and cost over the period.

Public education campaign was not penetrative

Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement

Thank You for

Your Attention

QUESTIONS?


_______________________________________

drought presentation presentation

Technology

recent drought

subsurface water supplies

water quality considerations

large volumes of water

eteorological drought

commercial impact

surface sources impact

ksa streamflows