drought – social perspectives 60% of net cultivated area is under rainfed rainfed areas housing a...
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DROUGHT – SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
60% of net cultivated area is under rainfed
Rainfed areas housing a majority of our rural poor & marginal farmers
Major proportion of rainfed areas prone to drought
CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT PRONE AREAS
Continuous degradation of land and vanishing green cover
Depleting water resources and drinking water problem
Decreasing productivity of crop, livestock & human resources
Hunger and malnutritionOut-migration of both human & cattle population
in times of distress
Probability of occurrence of drought in different meteorological sub-divisions
Meteorological subdivision Frequency of deficient rainfall(75% of normal or less)
Assam Very rare, once in 15 years
West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Konkan, Bihar and Orissa
Once in 5 years
South interior Karnataka, Eastern Uttar Pradesh & Vidarbha
Once in 4 years
Gujarat, East Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh
Once in 3 years
Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and Telengana
Once in 2.5 years
West Rajasthan Once in 2.5 years
AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP)
Drought Prone Areas Programme
(DPAP)
Desert Development Programme (DDP)
CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIATING AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
PT - ET
MOISTURE INDEX ( MI ) = --------------- X 100 ET
Where MI = Moisture Index PT = Total Precipitation ET = Evapo-Transpiration
MI Climate Zone ADP % Area % Irrigation allowed
< -66.7 Arid DDP 19.6 50 %
-66.6 to –33.3 Semi-Arid DPAP 37.0 40 %
-33.2 to 0 Dry Sub-Humid DPAP 21.1 30 %
0 to +20.0 Moist Sub-Humid 10.2
+20.0 to +99.9 Humid 7.8
100 Per Humid
COVERAGE
DPAP covers 972 Blocks in 185 Districts in 16 States
A.P. (94), Bihar (30), Chhatisgarh (29), Gujarat (67), HP (10), Jharkhand (100), J&K (22), Karnataka (81), M.P. (105), Maharashtra (149), Orissa (47), Rajasthan (32), Tamilnadu (80), UP (60), Uttaranchal (30), West Bengal (36)
DPAP-OBJECTIVES To minimize the adverse effects of drought on
the production of crops, livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources for drought proofing of the affected areas
To promote the overall economic development and improve the socio-economic condition of the resource poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the programme areas.
To take up development works by watershed approach for land development, water resource development and afforestation/pasture development.
WATERSHED PROJECTS AIM AT
RAISING GROUND-WATER TABLE
IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED /
WASTELANDS
PREVENTING LAND DEGRADATION
CONSERVING ECO-FRAGILE LANDS
INCREASING FUEL, FOOD & FODDER
IMPROVING RURAL ECONOMY
Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes
Land Development including in-situ soil and moisture conservation measures like contour and graded bunds fortified by vegetation, bench terracing in hilly terrain.
Drainage line treatment with a combination of vegetative and engineering structures.
Development of small water harvesting structures such as low-cost farm ponds, nalla bunds, check-dams and percolation tanks.
Nursery raising for fodder, timber, fuel wood and horticultural species.
Afforestation including block plantations, shelter belts, sand dune stabilisation, etc.
Agro-forestry and horticultural development. Pasture development either by itself or in conjunction
with plantations. Repair, restoration and upgradation of existing
common property assets Basic surveys such as contour survey, hydrological
survey etc. Setting up revolving fund not exceeding Rs.1 lakh to
be given as seed money to SHGs at a rate not exceeding Rs.10,000 per SHG for undertaking income generating activities.
Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes (contd…)
FUNDING PATTERN - DPAP
UNIT COST Rs. 6000/ha.
75% Central Share25% State Share
Micro watershed size : 500 Ha.
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STATUS OF DPAPName of Name of
the the ProgrammProgramm
ee
Projects Projects sanctionesanctione
dd
Area Area covered covered
(in lakh (in lakh ha.)ha.)
Total CostTotal Cost
(Rs.in (Rs.in Crore)Crore)
Funds Funds released released (central (central
share) as on share) as on 14.9.200714.9.2007
(Rs. in crores)(Rs. in crores)
DPAPDPAP 2743927439 137.2137.200
9874.929874.92 2508.502508.50
IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES OF PROGRAMMES
MAJOR FINDINGSImprovement in ground water level, cultivated area and productivity of Land
Decrease in soil erosion, runoff loss and silting of ponds, tanks and dams
Increase in availability of fodder, milk production, fuel and employment
Improvement in overall socio-economic status of rural people living in/around watershed areas
SUCCESS STORIES
DPAP Project in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh
Project period: 1995-96 to 2000-01
Area : 523 ha.
Location : Dantha Village in Khandwa District
Activities: Total water management approach adopted through ridge to valley treatment A series of drainage-line earthen checks and continuous contour trenches,
field bandhs and kundis were made which do not allow water to flow more than 10m. Even if there is a rainfall of 20cm in a day.
Impact: All the 46 existing dugwells had water throughout the year and 102 new
dugwells were constructed. The water table rose by 4 - 6 feet providing enough water for rabi crop The water availability in the village increased from 12.5 hect-metre to 305
hect-metre. The cultivable area gone up from 300 ha. to 421 ha. and the productivity from
16-17 quintals to 30-35 quintals per ha. The no. of milch cattle increased by 100%.
“Watershed Villages” Were Seen To Have Developed Sufficient
Drought Sustenance Capacity