drug abuse in the middle east
DESCRIPTION
Drug Abuse in the Middle East. R. Srinivasa Murthy Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt. Illicit Drug Index-2005. DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY. Scope of the Presentation: Introduction to countries of Middle East - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Drug Abuse in the Middle East
Drug Abuse in the Middle East
R. Srinivasa MurthyR. Srinivasa MurthyEastern Mediterranean Regional Eastern Mediterranean Regional
Office of World Health Organisation, Office of World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo, Egypt.
R. Srinivasa MurthyR. Srinivasa MurthyEastern Mediterranean Regional Eastern Mediterranean Regional
Office of World Health Organisation, Office of World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo, Egypt.
Illicit Drug Index-2005Illicit Drug Index-2005
DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY
• Scope of the Presentation:Scope of the Presentation:– Introduction to countries of Middle Introduction to countries of Middle
EastEast– Drug abuse- production and supplyDrug abuse- production and supply– Drug abuse- Magnitude of the problemDrug abuse- Magnitude of the problem– Drug abuse- Health impactDrug abuse- Health impact– Drug abuse- interventionsDrug abuse- interventions– Drug abuse- ChallengesDrug abuse- Challenges
Countries of the Middle EastCountries of the Middle East
• Region ofRegion of–Contrasts, Contrasts,
–Conflicts and Conflicts and
–Challenges.Challenges.
GNP in USD$GNP in USD$
1700 USD – 4000 USD
4000 USD – 9000 USD
1000 USD – 1700USD
< 1000 USD(lowest $169)
> 9000 USD( highest $28270)
Life Expectancy Life Expectancy
< 50 Years
50 – 65 Years
> 65 Years
Adult Literacy RateAdult Literacy Rate
> 81%
65% - 80%
< 64%
Less than 15 yearsLess than 15 years
< 40%
> 40%
EMRO-Countries in Complex Emergencies and Post-Conflict situations
Doctors /10 000 populationDoctors /10 000 population
10 - 20
2 - 10
> 20
< 2
Psychiatrists/100,000Psychiatrists/100,000
0.41.6
0.151.0
0.1 0.2
1.3
1.3
3.4
2.0
0.1
0.041.00.50.5
1.0
2.0
0.8
0.1
• Drug Abuse- Drug Abuse-
•Production Production and Supplyand Supply
Evolution of Afghan opium poppy cultivation since 2000
2000200082,000 ha82,000 ha
200120018,000 ha8,000 ha
2002200274,000 ha74,000 ha
2003200380,000 ha 80,000 ha (+ 8%)(+ 8%)
Tentative estimate of cannabis resin production and main source countries
7,400 metric tons
•Magnitude of Magnitude of the Problemthe Problem
Source: World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, 2002
OMABAH
SUDIRAUAE
MORKUW
PAKSAAIRQOPT
EGYJOR
LEBSYR
YEMTUN
DJI
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
%
Risk Factors: Smoking prevalence among men in EMRO
Drug Abuse Pattern in the RegionDrug Abuse Pattern in the Region
• Opioids- Afghanistan, Bahrain, Opioids- Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Pakistan, OmanIran, Pakistan, Oman
• Khat- Djibouti, Somalia, YemenKhat- Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen
• Stimulants-Stimulants-
Regional SituationRegional Situation
• Age of starting drugs is decreasingAge of starting drugs is decreasing
• Injectable drugs is increasingInjectable drugs is increasing
• Women are using drugs more oftenWomen are using drugs more often
• Contribution to spread of HIV/AIDSContribution to spread of HIV/AIDS
• Majority of the drug abusers are not Majority of the drug abusers are not seeking treatmentseeking treatment
DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY
•Health Health ImpactImpact
The Facts… in the EMR… cont’dThe Facts… in the EMR… cont’d
0.16%
0.77%
0.99%
2.15%
3.26%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
3.50%
Rat
e H
IV P
osi
tive
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Rate of HIV Positive tests among IDU by year
The Facts… in the EMRThe Facts… in the EMR
2.15%2.01%
3.63%
7.80%
13.50%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
% t
ran
sm
itte
d t
hro
ug
h I
DU
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year reported
AIDS cases transmitted through IDU
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
%Al Razi addiction treatment unit - % of admissions HIV positiveAl Razi addiction treatment unit - % of admissions HIV positive
•Regional Regional InitiativesInitiatives
Regional InitiativesRegional Initiatives
• High Recognition of the problem:High Recognition of the problem:– June 2005,Cairo,EgyptJune 2005,Cairo,Egypt– High Level Arab Conference for High Level Arab Conference for
Protecting the Youth from Substance Protecting the Youth from Substance AbuseAbuse
– 22ndnd Inter agency Working Group on Inter agency Working Group on Young People and HIV/AIDS in MENA. Young People and HIV/AIDS in MENA.
– Youth in the Middle EastYouth in the Middle East
Innovative Regional InitiativesInnovative Regional Initiatives
• Specialised treatment facilities-Specialised treatment facilities- Libya, Libya, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
• Prevention through Life skills educationPrevention through Life skills education Eg. Egypt, Iran, OmanEg. Egypt, Iran, Oman
• Harm reduction strategies-Harm reduction strategies- needle needle exchange, methadone treatment Eg. Iranexchange, methadone treatment Eg. Iran
• Triangular clinicsTriangular clinics• Public Mental Health EducationPublic Mental Health Education• Involvement of Religious leadersInvolvement of Religious leaders
Regional Strategy for Substance Use and DependenceRegional Strategy for Substance Use and Dependence
• 1. 1. Development of National policy- Development of National policy- multi-sectoral with networking;multi-sectoral with networking;
• 2.Increasing understanding of causes, 2.Increasing understanding of causes, consequences and care;consequences and care;
• 3. Human Resource Development;3. Human Resource Development;• 4.Wide range of services in Community;4.Wide range of services in Community;• 5.Promotion of psychosocial wellbeing 5.Promotion of psychosocial wellbeing
and prevention and prevention
WHO ROLE WHO ROLE
• RAPID- Reg. Adv Panel on Impact of Drugs-RAPID- Reg. Adv Panel on Impact of Drugs-since 2002since 2002
• AdvocacyAdvocacy• LegislationLegislation• ResearchResearch• Setting standards for care and HRDSetting standards for care and HRD• Coordination with UNODC, UNAIDS, Coordination with UNODC, UNAIDS,
UNFPA,UNESCO,Arab LeagueUNFPA,UNESCO,Arab League• Models of PreventionModels of Prevention