drug study for itp

8/9/2019 Drug Study for ITP

1/25

DRUG

STUDY

Petal Rose T. Madiam

Group 9E


2/25

(ROCEPHIN)

y anti infective

:y Meningitis and bone/joint infection. Septicemia, Otitis

Media, Peri operative Prophylaxis, Lyme dse.

y Bind to the bacterial cell wall membrane causing celldeath.Therapeutic effect: bactericidal action against

susceptible bacteria.

:y Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin


3/25

pain, tenderness, hardness, or warmth in the place whereceftriaxone was injected

headache

dizziness

sweating

flushing

diarrhea

y Usual Adult Dose for Intra abdominal Infection:

2 g IV 24 hours for 7 to 14 days, depending on the nature andseverity of the infection

y Intermittent Infusion: reconstitute


4/25

(COZAAR)

y anti hypertensives

y Alone or with other agents in the management ofhypertension .Prevention of stroke in patients with

hypertension.

:y Lowering of blood pressure. decreased risk of stroke in

patients with hypertension

y Hypersensitivity; OB: can cause injury or death of fetus.


5/25

Dizziness,

anxiety,

depression,

fatigue,

headache,

insomnia,

weakness,

hypotension,

chest pain edema,

tachycardia,

diarrhea, nausea,

and vomiting

y Adults: PO hypertension-50 mg once daily initial

y Correct volume depletion, if possible, prior to initiation of therapy

y PO: May be administered without regard to meals


6/25

(LOPRESOR)

y Anti Hypertensive

y Hypertension. Angina Pectoris. Prevention of MI anddecreased mortality in patients with recent MI.

y Decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Decreasedfrequency of attacks of angina pectoris. Decreasedrate of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in

patient with heart failure.

y Uncompensated CHF; Pulmonary edema:Cardiogenic shock; Bradycardia


7/25

Fatigue,

weakness,

anxiety,

depression, dizziness,

drowsiness,

insomnia,

memory loss,

blurred vision,

hypotension,

diarrhea,

dry mouth,

flatulence,

heart burn,

urinary frequency.

y Adults: PO; Anti Hypertensive / Anti anginal -25-100mg/day as a single

dose initially or two divided doses.

:

y PO: Take apical pulse before administering, If


8/25

(LASIX)

y Diuretics

y Treatment of edema ,associated w/ CHF renal & hepaticdisorders. Management of oliguria due to renal failure &insufficiency. Mild to moderate HTN. Severe hypercalcemia.

Adjunct to other antihypertensive agents.

y Rapid-acting potent sulfonamide loop diuretic andantihypertensive with pharmacologic effects and usesalmost identical to those of ethacrynic acid. Exact mode ofaction not clearly defined; decreases renal vascular

resistance and may increase renal blood flow.

y Severe renal or hepatic dysfunction. Addison's disease.Electrolyte imbalance.


9/25

Fluid & electrolyte imbalance including :

hyponatremia,

hypokalemia

hypochloremic alkalosis;

hyperuricemia

y Treatment of HTN AdultUsually, 40-80 mg daily either alone or in

conjunction w/ anti hypertensives. Amp Adult20-40 mg IV/IM once

daily to bid, may be increase at 2-hrly interval by 20 mg.

:y Do not administer discolored solution or tablets.

y PO: May be taken with food or milk to minimize gastric irritation.

Tablets may be crushed if the patients has difficulty swallowing.


10/25

(ALDACTONE)

y Diuretics

y Counteract potassium loss caused by other diuretics .

Used with other agents to treat edema or hypertension.

y Inhibition of sodium re-absorption in the kidney whilesaving potassium and hydrogen ions

y Hypersensitivity; Hyperkalemia; anuria, acute renalinsufficiency.


11/25

y Dizziness,

y clumsiness,

y headache,y constipation,

y nausea,

y vomiting,

y breast tenderness,

y irregular menses,

y voice deepening.

y Adults: PO: Edema-25-200mg/day in 1-2 divided doses.

y Diuretic Induced hypokalemia-25-100mg/day in 1-2divided doses

y PO: Administer in A.M. to avoid interrupting sleep pattern.

y Administer with food or milk to minimize gastric irritation andto increase bioavailability.


12/25

(CITROCARBONATE)

y anti ulcer agents

y PO,IV: Management of metabolic Acidosis; Used toalkanalize urine and promote excretion of certain

drugs in over dosage situations; Antacids

y Acts as an alkalinizing agent by releasingbicarbonate ions. Following oral administration,releases bicarbonate, which is capable of

neutralizing gastric acid.

y Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis; Hypocalcemia;Excessive chloride loss; Patients on sodium restricteddiets; renal failure


13/25

y Edema

y

Flatulencey Gastric distention

y ALKALINIZATION OF URINE: 48 meq(4g) initially. Then12-24 meq (1-2g) q 4hr.

y ANTACID: tab/powder-325mg-2g,1-4 times daily or tsp. of powder q 4 hr as needed

y This medication may cause premature dissolution ofenteric coated tablets in the stomach.

y When used in treatment of peptic ulcers, may beadministered 1&3 hr after meals and at bedtime


14/25

(CIPRO)

y anti-infectives

y Infections of the resp. tract, middle ear, sinuses, eyes,kidneys &/or UTI, genital organs (including gonorrhea),

abdominal cavity (eg bacterial infections of the GIT,biliary tract, peritonitis), skin & soft tissues, bones &joints; septicemia, infections in patients w/reduced hostdefenses, selective gut decontamination.

y

Death of susceptible bacteria.

y Hypersensitivity. Cross sensitivity among agents withinclass may occur.


15/25

Nausea,

diarrhea,

vomiting,

abdominal pain,

flatulence

anorexia.

Dizziness,

headache,

tiredness,

agitation

trembling.

Skin rashes,

drug fever.

Joint pains.

y Tab Uncomplicated upper & lower UTI 100-125 mg bid.

y Complicated urinary & resp tract infections (eg bronchitis) 250-500 mg bid.

:y If gastric irritation occurs, ciprofloxacin may be administered with meals

y Do confuse norfloxacin with norflex


16/25

(CATAPRES)

y anti hypertensives

y PO,Transdermal: Management of mild to

moderate hypertension.

y Decreased Blood Pressure, Decreased pain

y

Hypersensitivity; Epidural- injection, anti coagulanttherapy


17/25

Dizziness,

headache,

sedation,

depression,

hallucination,

decreased libido,

nightmare,

sleep disorder,

nasal dryness,

rash,

fatigue,

constipation,

nausea, ,

vomiting.

y Adult; PO: HPN -100 mcg bid, increase by 100-200mcg/day in 2-4days; Usualmaintenance dose is 200-600 mcg/day in 2-3 divided doses.

y PO: Administer last dose of the day at the bedtimey Transdermal: Transdermal system should be applied once every 7 days. May

be applied to any hairless site; avoid cuts or calluses


18/25

(MAALOX)


19/25

tingling

arrhythmias

bradycardia

constipation

nausea

vomiting

y Adults: PO; Prevention of hypocalcemia, treatment ofdepletion -1-2g/day

y PO: Administer calcium carbonate or phosphate 1-1.5hr. after meals and at bed time.

y Follow oral doses with a full glass of water, Administer onan empty stomach to optimize effectiveness.


20/25

(ZOCOR)

y Lipid lowering agents

y Secondary prevention of cardiovascular

events(decreased risk of MI, stroke, and cardio vascularmortality) in patients with clinically evident CHD or thoseat high risk for CHD.

y Lowers total and LDL cholesterol. Slightly increase HDL..

Slows the progression of coronary atherosclerosis withresultant decrease in CHD.

y Hypersensitivity; Active liver dse, OB/LACTATION:pregnancy or lactation


21/25

Dizziness

Headache

Insomnia

Weakness

Chest pain

Abdominal cramps

Constipation

Diarrhea

Flatus

Heartburn

Nausea

y Adults PO: 5-80 mg once daily in the evening

y Avoid Large amounts of grape fruit juice during therapy; mayincrease risk of toxicity

y Administer extended release tablets at bed time. Extended releasetablets should be swallowed whole.


22/25

(ERYTHROPOIETIN)

y anti anemics

y Anemia associated with chronic renal failure.

Reduction of need for transfusions after surgery.

y Maintains and may elevate RBCs, decreasing theneed for transfusions.

y Hypersensitivity to albumin or mammalian cell-

derived products. Uncontrolled HPN.


23/25

y Headache

y Hypertensions

y Transient rashes

y ANEMIA OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE-subcut, IV -50-100 units/kg 3times weekly initially, then adjust dose based on hematocrit.

y Do not shake the vial; inactivation of medication may occur.discard vial immediately after drawing dose from single use.

y Transfusions are still required for severe symptomatic anemia.

Supplemental iron should be initiated and continue throughouttherapy


24/25

(ANTARA)

y Lipid lowering Agents

y With dietary therapy to decrease LDL cholesterol, total

cholesterol, and triglycerides.

y Lowering of cholesterol and triglycerides withsubsequent decreased risk of pancreatitis

y Hypersensitivity; severe hepatic and renal impairment.Unexplained persistent liver function abnormality andprimary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting gall bladder disease.Pregnancy, lactation


25/25

Headache, dizziness

fatigue, arrhythmia,

dizziness, vaginitis,,

rhinitis,

cough,

sinusitis,, polyuria,

y Antara-43mg/day; Lofibra -67 mg/day, Tricor-48mg/day

y Patients should be placed on a triglyceride lowering dietbefore therapy and remain on this diet throughouttherapy.

y Brands are not interchangeable

drug study for itp

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