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Name/Dose/Route/

Frequency

Action ofDrug & Why

it isOrdered?

Adverse Effects/Side Effects

PatientsAssessment

How will you know ifthe drug iseffective?

Patient Teaching/Nursing

Considerations

Chlorpheniramine maleate, Oral,8, 12, 16 mg, 4-

6 hr

Anthistamine(alkylamine type)

Drowsiness, sedation,dizziness, disturbedcoordination,

Epigastric distress,thickening ofbronchial secretions

Patient is having anallergic reactions

Competitively blocks theeffects of histamine at H1-receptor sites; has atropine

like, anti-pruritic, andsedative effects

Avoid alcohol; serioussedation might occur.

You may experience

side effects: Dizziness,sedation, drowsiness;epigastric distress,diarrhea, orconstipation.

Report for any difficultyof breathing,hallucinations, tremors,loss of coordination;visual disturbances;irregular heartbeat.

Diazepam,

5mg/vial,Parenteral, 2-20mg per 1 hour

Muscle relaxant,

Treatment oftetanus,Antiepileptic,Acute alcoholwithdrawal

Sedation, depression,

fatigue,lightheadedness,disorientation,confusion, Bradycardia, CVcollapse, Drugdependence withwithdrawal syndrome

Anxious, Epileptic,

Post-operation,muscle spasm,Alcohol withdrawal

Exact mechanisms of action

not understood; acts mainlyat limbic system andreticular formation; may actat spinal cord and atsupraspinal sites to produceskeletal muscle relaxation;potentiates the effects ofGABA; antixiolytic effectoccur at doses well belowthose necessary to causesedation, ataxia; has littleeffect on cortical function.

You may experience these

side effects: Drowsiness,dizziness, difficultyconcentrating, fatigue

Dopamine, 40,80, 160 mg/ml;injection in 5%dextrose-80,160,320mg/100ml

Alpha-adrenergicagonistBeta1-selectiveadrenergicagonistSympathomimetic

Ectopic beats,Tachycardia, anginapain, hypotension,vasoconstriction,dyspnea, nausea,vomiting,

Corrections ofhemodynamicresponse, lowcardiac output,hypotension, poorperfusion of vitalorgans

Drug acts directly by therelease of norepinephrinefrom sympathetic nerveterminals; dopaminergicreceptors and aplanchnicbeds, which maintains renalfunction; alpha receptors,which are activated byhigher doses of dopamine,mediate vasoconstriction,which can override thevasodilating effects; beta1

receptors mediate apositive inotropic effect on

Used only in acuteemergency; teaching willdepend on clientsawareness and will relatemainly to patients statusand monitors, rather thanto drug. Instruct client toreport any pain at injectionsite.

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the heart.

EpinephrineHydrochloride,IV,1:1000,1:2000,1:10000,1:100000

Alpha-adrenergicagonist,Antasthmatic,Beta1 and beta2adrenergicagonist,bronchodilator,

cardiacstimulant,mydriatic, nasaldecongestant,sympathomimetic, Vasopressor

Fear, anxiety,tenseness, headache,lightheadedness,dizziness, drowsiness,hypertension mayresult to intracranialhemorrhage,necrosis

at site of injection

Anaphylactoid,Stokes-Adamssyndrome, failure torestore circulation,respiratory distress,asthma, COPD

Naturally occurringneurotransmitter, theeffects of which aremediated by alpha or betareceptors in target organs.Effects on alpha receptorsinclude vasoconstriction,

contraction of dilatormuscles of iris. Effects onbeta receptor includepositive chronotropic andinotropic effects on theheart (beta1 receptors);bronchodilation,vasodilation and uterinerelaxation (beta2receptors); decreasedproduction of aqueoushumor.

Used in acute emergency;teaching will depend onclients awareness and willrelate mainly to patientsstatus and monitors, ratherthan to drug. Instruct clientto report any pain at

injection site.

Furosemide,10mg/ml IV IM,6-8hrs

Loop Diuretic Dizziness, vertigo,paresthesias,xanthopsia,weakness,Orthostatichypotension,Rash,Photosensitivity,pruritis, urticarial,Leukopenia, anemia,thrombocytopenia

Acute PulmonaryEdema, Edema,Hypertension

Inhibits re-absorption ofsodium and chloride fromthe proximal and distaltubules and ascending loopof henle, leading to sodiumrich diuresis

Blood glucose levelsmay becometemporarily elevated inpatients with diabetesafter starting this drug.

Report loss or gain ofmore than 3 pounds in1 day, swelling in yourankles or fingers,unusual bleeding orbruising, dizziness,trembling, numbness,

fatigue, muscleweakness or cramps.

Neri, Ann Nicole G.BSN 3B: Group #88