drug testing 101: condensed
DESCRIPTION
Drug Testing 101: Condensed. Jeff Sims, C-SAPA, C-SI Past President, Substance Abuse Program Administrators Association President, a’ TEST consultants, inc. Overview. 1. The Drug Testing Industry 2. Why drug test? 3. How and When do You Test? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SPONSORED BY:
DRUG TESTING 101: CONDENSEDDRUG TESTING 101: CONDENSEDJeff Sims, C-SAPA, C-SIJeff Sims, C-SAPA, C-SI
Past President, Substance Abuse Program Past President, Substance Abuse Program Administrators AssociationAdministrators AssociationPresident, a’ TEST consultants, inc.President, a’ TEST consultants, inc.
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OVERVIEW
1. The Drug Testing Industry 2. Why drug test? 3. How and When do You Test? 4. Specimen Types: Traditional vs Alternative 5. Drug Testing Panels: Not one size fits all! 6. Validity Testing and Adulterant Products 7. Reporting Requirements 8. Current Federally Mandated Programs 9. Pending Drug Testing Legislation and Current
Industry Issues 10. Questions and Answer
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1. THE DRUG TESTING INDUSTRY1. THE DRUG TESTING INDUSTRY
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DRUG TESTING INDUSTRY PLAYERS AND THEIR ROLE
Laboratories Third-party administrators (TPAs) and
background screening retailers Collection sites and collectors Medical Review Officers Manufacturers / Distributors
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2. WHY DO COMPANIES DRUG 2. WHY DO COMPANIES DRUG TEST?TEST?
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HOW DID WE GET TO THIS POINT?
Most aggressive actions occurred since the late 1980’s:
- The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (directed U.S. Secretary of Labor to initiate efforts to address the issue)
- President Reagan’s Executive Order 12564, Drug-Free Federal Workplace (made it a condition of employment to refrain from using illegal drugs)
- Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (required federal contractors and grantees to have drug-free workplaces)
- Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1998 (establish grant programs that assist small businesses in developing drug-free workplaces)
- Omnibus Employee Testing Act of 1991 (required transportation industry employers to conduct alcohol and drug testing for employees in “safety sensitive” positions) It created a model for non-regulated employers now follow.
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THE U.S. DRUG AND ALCOHOL PROBLEM
In 2006, estimated 20.4 million Americans were current illicit drug users, which is a rate of 8% among all Americans. No significant changes in recent years.
About 57 million people, or more than one-fifth (23.0 %) of the population age 12 and over, participated in binge drinking (having five or more drinks one the same occasion at least once in the past 30 days).
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DRUG ABUSERS AS EMPLOYEES
More likely to be involved in an accident and file a workers’ compensation claim
More likely to quit or get fired More likely to steal from workplace More likely to miss work More likely to be in a confrontation Less productive
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THE IMPACT ON SAFETY
Substance abusers are: 3.6 times more likely to be involved in a
workplace accident 5 times more likely to file a workers’
compensation claim As many as 50% of all workers’ compensation
claims involve substance abuse
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THE IMPACT ON SAFETY
80% of those injured in “serious” drug-related accidents at work
are not the drug abusing employees… but innocent co-workers
and others.
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BOTTOM LINE
On average it cost an employer On average it cost an employer almostalmost
$7000.00$7000.00
per substance abusing employee per substance abusing employee
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5 KEY COMPONENTS
A comprehensive drug-free workplace program includes:
1. Policy2. Supervisor training3. Employee education4. Employee assistance5. Drug testing (Alcohol testing)
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3. HOW AND WHEN DO YOU TEST?3. HOW AND WHEN DO YOU TEST?
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HOW TO TEST? Traditional laboratory based urine testing using:
• Screen
• Confirmation
Alternative specimen Rapid result or also known
as POCT using professional collectors Medical review officer verification
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When to TestsWhen to Tests
Pre-Employment
Random
Post-Accident
Reasonable Cause/Suspicion
Return-to-Duty
Follow-Up
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4. SPECIMEN TYPES: 4. SPECIMEN TYPES: TRADITIONAL VS TRADITIONAL VS ALTERNATIVEALTERNATIVE
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SPECIMEN TYPES
Which specimen meets your needs? Urine (lab and rapid result analysis) Hair (on-site collection; lab analysis
required) Oral Fluids (rapid result and lab analysis) Sweat Testing (rapid result and lab analysis) Blood Testing (lab analysis)
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SPECIMEN TYPES
Urine? Legally sound Federally endorsed Most common Invasive Subject to adulteration Split Testing
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIMENS
Hair? Window of 90 days minus recent 7-10 days Legally still being tested Lacks federal endorsement About 1-2% usage Invasive Scientifically questionable? Pre-employment tool
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIMENS
Oral Fluid?
Window 4-24+ hours Limited legal exposure Getting federal endorsements (alcohol
only) Least invasive Comparable to blood Adulteration resistant “Under the influence” indicator
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5.5. DRUG TESTING PANELS AND DRUG TESTING PANELS AND PRICE: PRICE:
NOT ONE SIZE FITS ALL!NOT ONE SIZE FITS ALL!
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FEDERALLY MANDATED TESTING PANEL
Marijuana Cocaine Opiates Amphetamines Phencyclidine (PCP)
The primary drugs of abuse
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ADDITIONAL DRUGS BEING TESTING
Hydromorphone Oxycodone Oxymorphone Hydrocodone Propoxyphene Ecstasy Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Methadone
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6. VALIDITY TESTING AND 6. VALIDITY TESTING AND ADULTERANT PRODUCTSADULTERANT PRODUCTS
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ADULTERATED, SUBSTITUTED SPECIMEN
Internet provides a list of suppliers with information on beating drug, alcohol or hair testing
Bleach, soap, Visine, other substances
Purging with water, other liquids
“Rapid” on-site drug test are the most vulnerable Innovative Resources, Inc.
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SPONSORED BY:
ADULTERANTSADULTERANTS
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7. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS7. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
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FEDERAL VS NON FEDERAL TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE REPORT
If it is a Federally mandated test (This would include US DOT)a. Must receive certifying scientist signed copyb. Must have MRO copy of CCF
Non Federal? Any other requirements?a. State Laws (Arkansas Law Rule 36, Act 750) b. Safe Harbor
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TRANSMISSION OF RESULTS
Typical Typical Reporting:Reporting:
1. Web1. Web2. Text 2. Text message message with with reference to reference to webweb3. Fax3. Fax4. Mail 4. Mail (yuck!)(yuck!)5. Phone 5. Phone (yuckier!)(yuckier!)
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BACK OFFICE SUPPORT APPS
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STORAGE OF RESULTS
Subject to audit and must be stored in a secure environment
Must maintain in accordance with state or federal requirements
Under federal rules, subject to release and must be forwarded upon termination of clients agreement to new MRO (FAA example)
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8. CURRENT FEDERALLY 8. CURRENT FEDERALLY MANDATED PROGRAMSMANDATED PROGRAMS
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REGULATORY SCOPE OF WHO IS IMPACTED REGULATORY SCOPE OF WHO IS IMPACTED THROUGH US DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATIONTHROUGH US DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
INDUSTRY DOT MODE # EMPLOYERS # EMPLOYEES
Highway FMCSA 650,000 10,941,000
Railroad FRA 650 97,000
Aviation FAA 7,200 525,000
Transit FTA 2,600 250,000
Pipeline PHMSA 2,450 190,000
Maritime USCG -DHS 12,000 132,000
TOTAL 674,900 12,135,000
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WHO ELSE IS FEDERALLY WHO ELSE IS FEDERALLY MANDATED?MANDATED?
Nuclear Regulatory CommissionDepartment of Defense
NASATransportation Security Administration
And other federal agencies covered under the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988.
What’s on the horizon?????Don’t rule out new safety sensitive industry groups
(electricians, construction, miners, etc..)
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9. PENDING DRUG TESTING LEGISLATION AND CURRENT INDUSTRY ISSUES
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MANDATORY POSITIVE DRUG TEST REPORTING TO STATES
Several states have created databases Specific to commercial drivers license Result transmission straight from the MRO and
employer, or severe penalties Positive alcohol test, employer reports Great idea, but why don’t they work at this
point?
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NATIONAL DRIVER DATABASE
Congress funded a study in 1999 Report released to in 2004 In early 2007, FOXNews Minnesota
5 Collection sites Inspected Congress is involved, GAO investigation with testimony by
SAPAA, ATA, IOOA, FMCA, ODAPC, Oregon State Police Working with House Transportation and Infrastructure
Committee to tighten programs
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NEW ACTION ITEMS
Revisit the Drug Testing Integrity Act Implementation of the Driver Database, but
include a drug testing repository Have MRO’s, Consortia, and TPA’s do the
reporting Hire more agents to inspect employers AND
collection sites New NPRM’s issued, by SAMHSA, US DOT, and
operating modes.
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SPONSORED BY:
THANKS!THANKS!
Contact Jeff @ 800.837.8648, Ext 117, or by email @ [email protected]
10. Any Questions / Discussion10. Any Questions / Discussion