1. Nitroglycerin

Classification: Antianginal ; NITRATE VASODILATOR

Indication: Acute angina, Perioperative hypertension, reduction of cardiac workload in acute MI.

Side effects: headache, apprehension, restlessness, weakness, vertigo, dizziness, faintness

Nursing Management: Encourage patient not to swallow since it is sublingual. Ask patient if tablet fizzles or burns.

2. Isoket

Classification: Antianginal ; Nitrate vasodilator

Indication: angina pectoris. Its actions are similar to nitroglycerin but with a slower onset of action

Side effects: headache, apprehension, restlessness, weakness, vertigo, dizziness, faintness

Nursing management: : Encourage patient not to swallow since it is sublingual.

3. Vitamin K

Classification:

Indication: Anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; Prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

Side effects: Transient "flushing sensations" and "peculiar"sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur.

Nursing management: watch for signs of flushing, weakness, tachycardia and hypotension; may progress to shock.

Be aware that phytonodione therapy for hemorrhagic disease in infants causes fewer adverse reactions than do other vitamin K analogues.

Failure to respond to vitamin K may indicate coagulation defects.

4. Neurobion

Classification: Multivitamin (vitamins B1 + B6 + B12)

Indication: Neuritis and neuralgia, especially cervical syndrome, shoulder-arm syndrome, lumbalgia, sciatica, facial paresis. Alcoholic polyneuropathy, Diabetic neuropathy, including impotence due to autonomic neuropathy. Metabolic and neuropathic changes due to pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Drug-induced neuropathies. Supplemental therapy following major surgery or debilitating illness.

Side effects: Nausea, constipation, black stools, and diarrhea

Nursing Management:

5. Potassium Chloride

Classification: Electrolytes and Replacement Solutions

Indication: Hypokalemia

Side effects: GI ulceration (sometimes with haemorrhage and perforation or with late formation of strictures) following the use of enteric-coated K chloride preparation; hyperkalaemia. Oral: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. IV: Pain or phloebitis; cardiac toxicity.

Nursing management: use cautiously in patients with cardiac disease and in those with renal impairment

Alert: IV use: Give by infusion only; never give IV push or IM. give slowly as dilute solution; potentially fatal hyperkalemia may result from too-rapid infusion

Give oral potassium supplements with extreme caution because different forms deliver varying amounts of potassium. Never switch products without a doctor’s order.

Give oral potassium supplements with extreme caution because different forms deliver varying amounts of potassium. Never switch products without doctor’s order.

make sure powders are completely dissolved before administering Know that enteric-coated tablets are not recommended because of increased potential

for GI bleeding and small bowel ulcerations. Know that drug is often used orally with potassium-wasting diuretics to maintain

potassium levels. Be aware that sugar free liquid is available; use if tablet or capsule passage is likely to be

delayed, such as GI obstruction. Have patients sip slowly to minimize GI irritation.

6. Sodium Chloride

Classification: electrolyte

Indication: Dehydration, Electrolyte disorder, Hyponatraemia, Leg cramps, Sodium depletion, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Diabetic ketoacidosis, Poisoning.

Side effects: hypernatremia, hypopotassemia, acidosis. Fluid and solute overload leading to dilution of serum electrolyte level, CHF, overhydration, acute pulmonary edema

Nursing management: Monitor electrolytes, ECG, liver and renal function studies. Note level of consciousnessc. Assess the heart and lung sounds. Observe S&S of hypernatremia, flushed skin, elevated temperature, rough dry tongue, and edema. Monitor VS and I&Of. Assess urine specific gravity and serum sodium levels

7. Paracetamol

Classification: Anti-pyretic

Indication: Ear pain, Fever, Headache, Malaise, Migraine, Mild to moderate pain, Pain, Post-vaccine reaction, Short-bowel syndrome, Tobacco amblyopia and leber's optic atrophy, Toothache.

Side effects: Bronchospasm, Blood dyscrasias, Liver damage, Skin rashes, GI adverse effects, Hepatic necrosis, Liver failure.

Nursing management: Check that the patient is not taking any other medication containing paracetamol.

- For children who may refuse medicine off a spoon try using a medicine syringe to squirt liquid slowly into the side of the child's mouth or use soluble paracetamol mixed with a drink.

- Some children may be happy to take one paracetamol product but dislike the taste of another.

- There are no known harmful effects when used during pregnancy.

- Small amounts may pass into breast milk. However, there are no known harmful effects when used by breastfeeding mothers.

- Alcohol increases the risk of liver damage that can occur if an overdose of paracetamol is taken. The hazards of paracetamol overdose are greater in persistent heavy drinkers and in people with alcoholic liver disease.

8. Ibuprofen

Classification: non-steroidal analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory agent

Indication: Cystic fibrosis, Fever, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Migraine, Mild to moderate pain, Musculoskeletal pain, Nausea and vomiting (palliative care), Osteoarthritis, Pain, Post operative analgesia, Rheumatoid arthritis, Severe pain and tenderness in benign fibrocystic breast disease, Toothache

Side effects: Vomiting, Peptic ulceration, Hematemesis, Severe gastric pain,

Nursing management: Report blurred vision, ringing, roaring in ears; may indicate toxicity; eye and hearing tests should be done during long-term therapy. Avoid driving, other hazardous activities if drowsiness or dizziness occurs. Report change in urinary pattern, increased weight, edema, increased pain in joints, fever, blood in urine, indicatenephrotoxicity. Therapeutic inflammatory effects may take up to 1 month. Avoid alcohol, NSAIDs, salicylates; bleeding may occur . Use sunscreen to prevent photosensitivity.

9. Celecoxib

Classification: NSAID, Analgesic (nonopioid)Indication: Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dysmenorrhoea, Pain, Toothache.

Side effecs: GI bleeding, Rhinitis, Myalgia, Urinary tract infection, Bronchitis, Pharyngitis

Nursing Management: Administer drug with food or after meals if GI upset occurs. Establish safety measures if CNS, visual disturbances occur. Arrange for periodic ophthalmologic examination during long-term therapy. WARNING: If overdose occurs, institute emergency procedures—gastric lavage,

induction of emesis, supportive therapy. Provide further comfort measures to reduce pain (eg, positioning, environmental

control), and to reduce inflammation (eg, warmth, positioning, rest).

10: Etoricoxib

Classification: Analgesics, antipyretics, NSAIDs, antigout, and antirheumatics

Indication: Acute gout, Muscle relaxation (rapid onset, short duration).

Side effects: Flatulence, Fatigue, Myalgia,Constipation, Dry mouth, Mouth ulcers, Influenza like syndrome, Chest pain, Paresthesias, Dry mouth, Taste disturbanceX, Appetite and weight changes.

Nursing management: Caution should be exercised in patients with history of heart, liver, kidney disease, high blood pressure, blood clotting disorder, any allergy, children, elderly, during pregnancy and breast feeding. * Drink adequate fluid to avoid dehydration. * Stop the medication immediately if gastrointestinal lesions occur. * Monitor blood pressure regularly while taking this medication.

11. Myonal

Classification: Eperisone hydrochloride

Indication: spastic spinal paralysis, , postoperative sequelae (together with cerebrospinal tumor),Cerebrovascular diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cervical spondylosis, sequelae to trauma ( head injury, spinal trauma), spinocerebellar degeneration, spinal vascular diseases, cerebral palsy, and further encephalomyelopathies.

Side effects: Weakness, sleepiness, lightheadedness

Nursing management:

12. Aspirin

Classification: salicylate drug (analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory)

Indication: Mild to moderate pain, fever, inflammatory conditions such rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthriti.

Side effects: stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and occult gastrointestinal blood loss

Nursing management: Give drug with food or after meals. Do not use to treat chickenpox or flu symptoms without review for Reye’s syndrome, a rare but fatal disorder.

13. Clopidogrel bisulfate

Classification: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist, antiplatelet

Indication: Patients at risk for ischemic events—recent MI, recent ischemic CVA, peripheral artery disease. Acute coronary syndrome

Side effects: Headache, dizziness, hypertension, edema, weakness, syncope, flushing

Nursing management: Provide frequent small meals if GI is upset.

14. Ranitidine

Classification: Histamine-2 (H2) antagonist

Indication: Acute duodenal ulcer, Active and benign gastric ulcer, erosive esophangitis, heart burn, acid indigestion, sour stomach.

Side effects: Headache, malaise, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, vertigo, tachycardia, bradycardia.

Nursing management: Give drug with meals and at bed time. Decrease doses in renal and liver failure.

.15.Cimetidine

Classification: Histamine-2 (H2) antagonist

Indication: Acute duodenal ulcer, Active and benign gastric ulcer, erosive esophangitis, heart burn, acid indigestion, sour stomach.

Side effects: dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, peripheral neuropathy

Nursing management: Give drug with meals and at bed time. Decrease doses in renal and hepatic impairment

16. Tranexamic Acid (Tranylcypromine sulfate)

Classification: Antidepressant, MAOI

Indication: Migraine, headache, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, bipolar depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease

Side effects: dizziness, vertigo, headache, over-activity, hyperreflexia, tremors, muscle twitching, mania, hypomania, memory impairment

Nursing Management: Monitor BP and orthostatic BP carefully.

17. Tramadol

Classification: Analgesic, opioid analgesic

Indication: moderate to severe pain, premature ejaculation, restless leg syndrome

Side effects: Sedation, dizziness, vertigo, headache, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension

Nursing management: Report severe nausea, dizziness, and sever constipation.