drugs affecting the cardiovascular system. cardiovascular system z muscular organ with 4 chambers z...
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Drugs Affecting the Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
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Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System
Muscular organ with 4 chambersMuscular organ with 4 chambersPumps 5-6 liters blood/minutePumps 5-6 liters blood/minute
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Chambers of the HeartChambers of the Heart
Left SideLeft SideOxygenatedOxygenated Pulmonary Pulmonary
veinsveinsAtriumAtriumMitral valveMitral valveVentricleVentricle
Right SideRight Side Unoxygenated Unoxygenated AtriumAtriumTricuspid valveTricuspid valveVentricleVentriclePulmonary Pulmonary
arteriesarteries
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Systole and DiastoleSystole and Diastole
Systole: Heart is contractingSystole: Heart is contracting Diastole: Heart is relaxedDiastole: Heart is relaxed
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Renin-Angiotensin-AldosteroneRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
Renal blood flow decreasedRenal blood flow decreasedSympathetic stimulation causes Sympathetic stimulation causes
release of reninrelease of reninRenin + plasma angiotensin Renin + plasma angiotensin
forms angiotensin Iforms angiotensin IAngiotensin I converted in lungs Angiotensin I converted in lungs
to angiotensin IIto angiotensin II
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Renin-Angiotensin-AldosteroneRenin-Angiotensin-AldosteroneContinuedContinued
Agniotensin II: Agniotensin II: Produces vasoconstriction Produces vasoconstriction Acts directly on kidney to retain Acts directly on kidney to retain sodium & water sodium & water Stimulates adrenal cortex to Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosteronesecrete aldosterone
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Cardiotonic-Inotropic EffectsCardiotonic-Inotropic Effects
Increase force of myocardial Increase force of myocardial contractioncontraction
Causes improved heart’s Causes improved heart’s pumping abilitypumping ability
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Cardiotonic-Inotropic DrugsCardiotonic-Inotropic Drugs
AdrenergicAdrenergic Digitalis glycosidesDigitalis glycosides AmrinoneAmrinone MilrinoneMilrinone
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Inotropic DefinitionInotropic Definition
Force of myocardial contractionForce of myocardial contractionPositive inotropic drug: Positive inotropic drug:
increases force of contractionsincreases force of contractionsNegative inotropic drug: Negative inotropic drug:
decreases force of contractiondecreases force of contraction
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Digitalis GlycosidesDigitalis Glycosides
Increase myocardial contractility Increase myocardial contractility causing more complete causing more complete emptyingemptying
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Digitalis GlycosidesDigitalis Glycosides
DigitoxinDigitoxin
Absorption:Absorption:
90-100% Oral90-100% Oral
DigoxinDigoxin
Absorption:Absorption:
60-80% Tablet60-80% Tablet
90-100% Capsule90-100% Capsule
70-85% Elixir70-85% Elixir
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Digitalis Glycosides Digitalis Glycosides ContinuedContinued
DigitoxinDigitoxin
Distribution:Distribution:
To most body To most body tissuestissues
90% bound to 90% bound to albuminalbumin
DigoxinDigoxin
Distribution:Distribution:
Throughout the Throughout the bodybody
Binds to skeletal Binds to skeletal muscle/20-30% muscle/20-30% to albuminto albumin
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Digitalis Glycosides Digitalis Glycosides ContinuedContinued
DigitoxinDigitoxin
Metabolism:Metabolism:
Liver - 8% Liver - 8% converted to converted to digoxindigoxin
Excretion:Excretion:
KidneysKidneys
DigoxinDigoxin
Metabolism:Metabolism:
Small amount in Small amount in liver & GI floraliver & GI flora
Excretion:Excretion:
Unchanged drug Unchanged drug from kidneysfrom kidneys
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Antianginal DrugsAntianginal Drugs
Organic nitrates: produce Organic nitrates: produce vasodilationvasodilation
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs: Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs: Inhibits sympathetic stimulationInhibits sympathetic stimulation
Calcium-channel blockers: Calcium-channel blockers: Prevents Ca moving into cellsPrevents Ca moving into cells
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Antihypertensive DrugsAntihypertensive Drugs
DiureticsDiureticsAntiadrenergicsAntiadrenergicsACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors Calcium-channel blockersCalcium-channel blockers
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Hypotension and ShockHypotension and Shock
Alpha-adrenergic drugs: Alpha-adrenergic drugs: increase peripheral vascular increase peripheral vascular resistanceresistance
Beta-adrenergic drugs: increase Beta-adrenergic drugs: increase myocardial contractility & heart myocardial contractility & heart raterate