PRESENTATION ON “DRUGS AND SMOKING”

DRUGS

DRUG AND DRUG ABUSE

• Drugs are defined as ‘any substance that, when taken into living organism, may modify one or more function’ (WHO)

• Drug abuse – self administration of a drug – for non-medical reasons– in quantities and frequencies which may impair an

individuals ability to function effectively– and which may result in social, physical, or emotional harm

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

1. Narcotics2. Depressant3. Stimulant4. Hallucinogens

• Morphine

• Heroin

• Methadone

• Codeine

• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)

Narcotics

Stimulants

• Amphetamines

• Cocaine

• Caffeine

• Nicotine

Depressants

• Barbiturates (short-acting)

• Barbiturates (long-acting)

• Alcohol

• Benzodiazepines (Valium)

• Marijuana

• LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)

• Phencyclidine (PCP)

Hallucinogens

NARCOTICS

• An analgesic or pain-killing substance that depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate

• Regular administration of narcotic-analgesics produces physical dependence

HEROIN

• Slurred speech• Slow gait• Constricted pupils• Droopy eyelid • sImpaired night vision• Respiratory depression or failure• Increased risk of exposure to HIV, hepatitis,

and other infectious diseases if injected

DEPRESSANT

• A substance that depresses the functions of the central nervous system

• Depressants calm irritability and anxiety and may induce sleep

ALCOHOL

In LOW DOSES, alcohol produces:• a relaxing effect• reduces tension• lowers inhibitions• impairs concentration• slows reflexes• impairs reaction time• reduces coordination

ALCOHOL

In MEDIUM DOSES, alcohol produces:• slur speech• cause drowsiness• alter emotionsIn HIGH DOSES, alcohol produces:• vomiting• breathing difficulties• unconsciousness• coma

ALCOHOL

COCAINE

SHORT TERM EFFECTS:• Increased blood pressure• Constricted blood vessels• Dilated pupils• Mental alertness• Increased energy• Increased heart rate• Decreased appetite• Increased temperature

STIMULANT

• A substance taken to increase alertness or activity

CAFFEINE

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. In moderate doses, caffeine can:

• increase alertness• reduce fine motor coordination• cause insomnia• cause headaches, nervousness and dizziness

CAFFEINE

• Some studies show that caffeine causes physical dependence

• Typical withdrawal symptoms associated with caffeine are headache, fatigue and muscle pain

• These symptoms can occur within 24 hours after the last dose of caffeine

• One study has stated that the minimum consumption of caffeine for physical dependence is 4 cups of coffee per day

• Other studies say that a few more cups of coffee are needed to develop dependence

NICOTINE

• Tobacco contains nicotine. Nicotine is a drug. Therefore, when people smoke or chew tobacco, they are using a drug.

Smoking can be stimulating or relaxing - it depends on a person's mood and dosage of nicotine.

The rapid effects of nicotine include:• Increases in blood pressure and heart rate• Faster respiration• Constriction of arteries• Stimulation of the central nervous system

NICOTINELong Term Effects:• increases the chances of cancer and results in addiction

and dependence. It is clear though, that nicotine is one of the most

addicting substances known...just ask anyone who has tried to quit smoking.

Common withdrawal symptoms in people who are trying to "kick the habit" of tobacco include:

• Anxiety• Depression• Headaches• Fatigue

EFFECTS OF NICOTINE

HEALTHY LUNGS UNHEALTHY LUNGS

HALLUCINOGENS

• A substance that induces changes in mood, attitude, though-processes and perceptions

• Perceptual changes include visual, auditory, kinesthetic (skin) and temporal (time) effects

MARIJUANA

SHORT TERM EFFECTS:• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time,

touch)• Problems with memory and learning• Loss of coordination• Trouble with thinking and problem-solving• Increased heart rate• reduced blood pressur

MARIJUANA

LONG TERM EFFECTS:• Hallucinations• Delusions• Impaired memory• Disorientation• Daily cough and phlegm production• More frequent acute chest illnesses• Increased risk of lung infections• Obstructed airways

EFFECTS OF DRUG USES

DRUG USE:

SMOKING

WHAT IS IN ONE CIGARETTE• In one cigarette there is over 500 chemicals here are some of them • ACETONE- also found in finger nail polish• AMMONIA- used in household cleaning products• ARSENIC-commonly known as rat poison• BUTANE- key ingredient of lighter fluid• CADIUM- active component in battery acid• CARBOMN MONOXIDE- the same gas released from car exhausts• ETHANOL-alcohol• HYDROGEN CYANIDE- yet another lethal poison• METHANOL- component of rocket fuel• NAPHTHALENE-ingredient used in mothballs• NICOTINE- yet another insecticide, and a highly addictive substance• STEARIC ACID- found In candle wax • TOLUENE-industrial strength cleaning solvent• METHANE- gas

THE PRO’S OF SMOKING

• It is a stress reliever• Makes you feel good• Keeps the weight off• Feeling of a ritual• Nicotine is addictive• Watching the cigarette burn is relaxing• Nicotine makes the brain relax

THE CON’S OF SMOKING

• Makes you smell • Wrinkles• Heart disease• Cancer• Suffer from migraines• The sense of smell and taste goes• Costs lots of money to supply• Skin appears yellow• suffer from colds and bronchitis

DISEASES

• Bronchitis • Emphysema• Heart disease• cancer

CILIA AND SMOKING

HEALTHY LUNGS

LUNG AFTER SMOKING

SMOKING WHILE PREGNANT• Complications of pregnancy, including bleeding during

pregnancy, detachment of the placenta, premature birth, and ectopic pregnancy

• Low birth weight. Babies born to women who smoke are on average 200 grams (8 oz) lighter than babies born to comparable non-smoking mothers. Premature and low birth weight babies are more prone to illness and infections

• Congenital defects in the baby — such as cleft palate • Stillbirth or death within the first week of life — the risk is

increased by about one-third• Poorer long-term growth, development, and health of the

child. On average, compared to children born to non-smokers, children born to smokers are smaller, have lower achievements in reading and maths, and have an increased risk of developing asthma

AFFECTING OTHER PEOPLE

• Children and babies• Passive smoking• Unborn babies• Increased risk of dying from cot death (sudden

infant death syndrome)• Increased risk of developing chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer

PROBLEMS• Cancers• Lung cancer • Mouth, throat and nose cancer • Cancer of the larynx • Oesophageal cancer • Pancreatic cancer • Bladder cancer • Stomach cancer • Kidney cancer • Leukaemia• Respiratory disease• Chronic bronchitis • Emphysema • Recurrent infection in the airways

WHAT SMOKING DOES TO YOUR BODY

TEETHTONGUE

HEALTHY LUNGS SMOKERS LUNGS

CHANGES IN SMOKERS FACE/ IMAGE

HOW CAN WE PREVENT DRUGS AND SMOKING

• FAMILY• FRIENDS• PASSIONS• GOALS• AWARENESS• SHARE

FAMILY

• Be involved and open with your family!• Though adolescence stage can be a shaky

stage between teens and their parents• It's very important to maintain your

communication and connection with them• Family involvement can help you handle

temptations to use alcohol, cigarettes and drugs that you might encounter

FRIENDS

• Now, think of your friends• Think of the activities that you do together• Are these activities beneficial to you or not?• What kind of friends do you have?• Teens would most likely try using drugs when they're around

other teens who take drugs.• Peer pressure; but with the right kind of friends, it's most

likely that you will not encounter such• Our friends can have the greatest influence in our choices,

the way we think and in our activities• Choose your friends!

PASSION

• Be active. Know your passions and do them!• Find alternatives. Some teens use drugs

because of boredom and it's something to do• Think of your talents, skills and abilities• Are they being used and developed?• What can you do to improve on your

abilities?

GOALS

-Do you have goals in your life?-(Family, Academics, Others..)-What are they?-Write them down!

• Goals can serve as motivations to be busy and to stay committed towards their accomplishment!

• Goals will keep you focused in attaining them, minimizing the possibilities of being distracted along the way

• Set your goals, move and work for them!

AWARENESS

• The key is awareness!• Research more on the effects of drug

addiction on your physical and mental state• You'll gain knowledge that will help you decide

about this matter in the future• Be aware and keep learning!

SHARE

• SHARE WHAT YOU'VE LEARNED!• Talk and discuss the information that you have

gained to your classmates and friends!• Form a group among your peers which will aim

to educate people about drugs, drug addiction and its effects

• Be concerned and responsible. Be an agent of drug usage prevention. Share your knowledge, time and talents!

Web Sites with helpful information:• familydoctor.org• www.smokefree.gov• www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking• http://www.cancer.org/Healthy/StayAway

from Tobacco

REFERENCES

THANK YOU…