drugs intermediate 1 biology unit 1 – health and technology
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Drugs
Intermediate 1 Biology
Unit 1 – Health and Technology
Introduction
• Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years
-wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians
-narcotics from 4000 BC
-medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737BC in China
Types of Drugs-Stimulants
• Drugs that act on the central nervoussystem and increase brain activity.
• Some give feelings of alertness, greaterenergy and confidence.
• They may also reduce appetite
Examples of Stimulants
• Cocaine • Crack • Ecstasy • Alkyl Nitrites e.g. poppers• Amphetamines • Nicotine
Types of Drugs-Depressants
• Drugs that act on the central nervous system and slow down brain activity.
• Impaired co-ordination, balance and judgement are common.
• Higher doses can lead progressively to drowsiness, vomiting, coma and even death.
Examples of Depressants
• Volatile substances or sniffable substances (eg glues, gases, aerosols)
• Alcohol
• Tranquillisers
• GHB (Gamma hydroxy-butyrate)
Types of Drugs-Hallucinogens
• Drugs that act to change the way users experience the world through the five senses.
• Sometimes this involves seeing, and hearing things which aren't there.
Examples of Hallucinogens
• Cannabis
• LSD
• Magic mushrooms
• Ketamine
Types of Drugs - Analgesics
• Drugs that have a painkilling effect.e.g. -heroin
-opium-morphine
Types of Drugs – Anabolic Steroids
• Drugs that promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass.
• These drugs mostly have legitimate medical uses
• They are often misused by those wishing to enhance their athletic performance or strength.
Statistics
• The following statistics are from the results of a major national survey of secondary schoolchildren aged 11-15 published by the Department of Health (DH) in 2002.
• 12% of pupils had used illegal drugs in the last month and 20% had used illegal drugs in the last year
• 13% of boys reported taking drugs in the last month compared to 11% of girls
• Use increased with age. Six percent of 11-year-olds had used drugs in the last year compared to 39% of 15-year-olds
Cannabis is the most likely drug to have been used, with 13% of pupils reporting use in the last year.
Cannabis use also increases sharply with age with 1% of 11-year-olds having used the drug in past year compared with 31% of 15-year-olds
Class A drugs had been used by 4% of 11-15 year olds. One percent say they used heroin or cocaine
Risks of Using Drugs
• Risks vary according to:-circumstances of the use-the motivation and knowledge level of the user-their mood and expectation at the time of use-the manner of use-size of dose-purity of the sample
Risks Factors Involved in Drug Taking
• Users can never be sure of exactly what they are taking
• Not knowing the strength of what has been bought could lead to an accidental overdose (which may be life-threatening)
• Users can't be precisely sure of the effect the drug will have, even if they have taken it before.
• Sharing dirty needles or syringes carries a risk of serious infections
• Mixing drugs, or drugs with alcohol
• Getting a criminal record.
• Effects on relationships, financial pressures, reducing judgement or performance etc.
Class A Drugs
• Amphetamines (speed) - if prepared for injection
• Cocaine and crack • Ecstasy • Heroin • LSD (acid) • Magic mushrooms - if prepared for
use.
Possession of Class A Drugs
• Possession: -seven years prison and/or a fine
• Possession with intent to supply-life imprisonment and/or a fine
Class B Drugs
• Amphetamines (speed)
• Possession-five years prison and/or a fine
• Possession with intent to supply-14 years prison and/or a fine
Class C Drugs
• Anabolic steroids • Cannabis • Mild amphetamines • GBH • Tranquillisers DF 118 (painkillers)
Possession of Class C Drugs
• Possession-two years prison and/or a fine
• Possession with intent to supply-14 years prison and/or a fine
• http://www.mindbodysoul.gov.uk/drugs/drugmenu.html
• http://www.sorted4.info/html/400/430.html
• http://www.stonerlemmings.com
• http://www.lifebytes.gov.uk/drugs/drugs_facts.html
Useful Websites
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