drum sizing manual-lummus

7/18/2019 Drum Sizing Manual-Lummus

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Fic t r re : P r e l i n i n z r y D i a m z t e r o f f iori :or ; ta l Vapor-Liquid Se ;a ra tc r 63

F i s u r e 7 : S u b n e q e n c e Ch a r t f o r D r z w O f f N o z z l e S i z i n g ;

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. - S J A N O A R r B - + ~ ~ * - - P A R T I I I P A G E 1 OF 63

u L U M M U S RUM SIZING January , 1972

T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s c h a p t e r i s t o p r o v i d e t h e d e s i g n m eth od s a nd c r i t e r i a t o b e g e n e r z l l ya p p l ie d f o r s i z i n a t h r e e b a s i c t y p es o f p r o ce ss drums: l i q u i d s u rg e d ru ms, l i q u i d - l i q u i d s e t t l e r s ,a nd v a po r- 1 i q u i d s e p a r a t o r s , i n c l u d i n g p r o c e s s s t e a m dr um s.- ---

The m et ho ds o f f e r e d i n t h e c h a p t e r r e p r e s e n t a g ood d e s i g n p r a c t i c e f o r s i z i n g t h e m z j o r i ty o fd r b ~ s oi.ind t pr oc e s s de s ig r : work Hawever, nzi m e rnetbcd r c r i t s r i c ? rhou: ? t e csn::' -d tc

be a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l c a s e s . D es ig n c a s e s su c h a s t h e o n e s l i s t e d belo w may r e q u i r e c e r t a i n d ep a r-t u r e f ro m t h e s t a n d a r d m eth od s g i v e n i n t h e c h a p t e r .

S e p a r a t i o n o f tw o l i q u i d p h a s e s o f v e r y c l o s e d e n s i t y .S e p a r a t i o n o f t wo l i q u i d p h as es w hen o ne l i q u i d i s i n t h e f o rm o f v e ry f i n e l y d i s p e r -s e d d r o p l e t s .Renoval of a sm al l amount of f i n e 1 ;iquid .i s t f r om a va por pha se .

T h es e an d o t h e r s p e c i a l s i t u a t i o n s may b e b e t t e r an d mo re e c o n o m i c a ll y h a n d le d w i t h d e v i c e ss u ch a s v e r t i c a l a n d h o r i z o n t a l b a f f l e s , c o a l e s c i n g p a d s , an d s p e c i a l w ir e-m es h a r r a n c e n e n t s .wh ic h m a y be in s t a l l e d i n o r d i n a r y p r o c e ss dru ms t o a c h i e v e a m ore e f f i c i e n t s e p a r a t i o n . Thos i z i n g t e c h n i q u e s r e q u i r e d f o r d e s i g n i n g t h e s e m ore c om pl ex d ru ms c an b e d ev e lo p ed a f t e r c o n s i d e r -i ng t h e s p e c ia l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f e a c h c a se .

DESCRIPTION ND SELECTION OF PROCESS RVYS IThe r e a r e t h r e e ma in type s o f p r oc e s s d rums c oim non ly use d by Lum us f o r wh ic h s i z i ng p r oc e dur e s

and d e s i ~ n e c c m e n d at i o n s a r e g i v en i n t h i s c h a p t e r . T hey a r e ILiqu id S u r ge Drums-L i q t r i d - L i q u i d S e t t l e r s .Ya por - L iqu id S e pa r a to r s .

T h e s e r v i c e L + a t e ac h t y p e o f d ru m g i v e s i n p r s c e s s p l a n t s a nd sam e t y p i c z l p m c e s s a z s l i c a -t i o n s f o r e ac h t y p e a r e d e r c r i b e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n s s u b s e c t i o n s.

L i qu i d s u r s e drum s a r e us ed t o p r o v id e s t c r z g e o r s u r g e c s p ac i t y f o r l i q u i d s t r e w s w h i d a r es u b s t a n t i a l l y f r e e o f v a p or . s ru nn in g s t o r a ~ e o r t h e f e ed t o o t h e r precessing u n j t s , t h e yp r o vi d e a c o n v en i e n t way o f a s s u r i n g r e l a t i v e l y c c n s t a n t o r r a t e - c o n t r o i l e d flow S ur se mrs maybe buj l t i n e i t h e r h o ri z on t a l o r v e r t i c a l p o s i t i o n s .

There i s n o o o e r a ti o n a l a d v a n t z c ~ cr ~ i t h a r O S ~-~ i o n . The drum i s p o s i t i o n e d b z s e d o n t h e

a v z i i a b l e s p a c e a c cc r d i n g t o p l z n t l a y o u t , th c o s t o f s u p p o r ti n g s t r u c tr r r e s , e t c .

IS e t t l i n g t an ks a r e used t o s e p a r a t e t u o i m i s c i b i e l i q u i d s o f d i - r fe r e n t d e n s i t i e s wh ich a r e

e s s e n t i a l l y v a p or -f r ee .

T y pi ca l pr oc 2 ss a p p l i c a t i o n s r e q u i r i n g l i q u i d - l i q u i d s e t t l e r s a r e I

T o a c h i e v e a o o d s e 3 a r a t i o n i n as e t t l e r , t h e h old -u p t im e f o r a

Caustic-wash hydroczrbon s::s:e?s.K- -, r r - ~ a s h h y d r o c z r 5 o n sysEens.

Sol v e n t e x t r a c t i o n sys e a s .

CO,,:F--nt ~ t . . l l k i- KC:J.U.EICT : to1 t be Reproauced

l i q u i d p h as e sh o u l d be l a r g e r t h a nt h e t im e r e q u i r e d by the d r o p l e t s ff the o t h e r ph as e t o s e t t l e o u tf ro m t h i s p h a se . H o r i z o n t a l drums

p m v i d e h i g h e r h ol d -u p t i m e / s e t t l i n g i li m e r a t i o t h an v e r t i c a l d ru ms . T h e r e-f o r e , s e t t l i n g t an k s a r e n o rm a ll y h o r i -

;/I\ L i g h t L i q u i d

n t e r f a c e

Heavy Liquidz o n t a l a s s how n i n the f i g u r e .

-



S T A N D A R D D A T A B 0 6 ~ - P A R T 1 1 P ~ G E ~ 7r LUMMUS RUM SIZING J a n u a r y , 1 9 7 2

I Va por - L iou id S e oa r a to r s

I T h e m a i n f u n c t i o n o f t h i s t y p e o f d r u m is t o s e p a r a t e v a p o r - li q u i d m i x tu r es an d d e l i v e r s u b -s t a n t i a l l y l i q u i d - f r e e v ap or s t o o t h e r p r o ce s s u n i t s . The v a p o r -l i q u i d s e o a r a t o r s may be b u i l ti n e i t h e r v e r t i c a l o r h o r i z o n t a l p o s i t i o n a s show n b el ow .

- - _ . _- - - . - . .

VERTICAL

HORIZONTAL

Ti/ [)L i g h t L i q u i d

I n t e r f a c e

Heavy Liquid

Y e rt jc al v e ~ o r - l i ~ z i de z a r a t z r s a r e p r e f e r r e d f o r h an d l i n g m x t2 re s w i t h h i s va~3r/: i<:iC

n z s s f l o w r a t i o z n a u s u a i l y o n i y o ne l i q u i d p h as e. I n c e r t a i n c z s e s , :he v z o o r - l i q u i d s e z ~ r < = S c nmay t z k e p l a c e s i m u l t an e o u s l y w i t h t h e s e t t l i n g s e p a r a t i o n o f t w o l i q u i d p h a se s . i n :he cz se swhere only a smal l amount of heavy phase i s p r e s e n t , v e r t i c a l drums may s t i l l be u s e d .

T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s o f v e r t f c a l v zo or -l i o u i d s e o a r a t o r s a r e

R e f l u r e c e iv e rs .F lash drums.P m c e ss c om pr e s so r knoc k- ou t drums

. Fuel gas k n o c k - o u t d r m s .Continuous blowdown drums.

H o r iz o n ta l v ao or -? i o u i d s e o a r a t o r s a r e p r e f e r r e d t o h a n d l e t h e f o i ow i ng c a s e s :K i x t u r e s w i t h l ow v a p o r / l i q u i d iilzss f l o w r a t i o a nd o n l y o n e l i q u i d p h zs e .M i x tu r es c o n t a i n i n g v a p o r a nd tw o i n m i s c i b l e l i q u i d p h as e s .

An a t t ac he d po t m y b e u se d i n c e r t a i n c a s e s t o c a t c h t h e h ea vy p h a s e o u t s i d e o f t h ed r; lm .t hu Sp e r m i tt i n g b e t t e r c o n t r o l o f t h e o p e r a t i o n a nd p o s s i b l y r e d u c in g t h e d r ~ m i z e .

Typ ic a l a @ p l i c a t i o n s o f h o r i z o n t a l v a o o r - l i c ui d s e o z r a t o r s a r e

O ve rh ead c o n de n sa te r e c e i v e r s o n c ru d e o i l d i s t i l l z t i o n u n i t s .Wate r d isengaging drums.R e f l u x r e c e i v e r s .Steam Drums.I n t e m i t e n t b l ow d w n dru ms .

C) ,TOGID SURGE DRUM D E S I G ~

Des i on P r i ncio l e s

( 1 ) S u r g e t i n e to be s e l e c t e d from i n f o r n a t i c n on Pa ce 3 5 , o r a s p e r s p e c i f i c p rscess cons i ce r : :~onsi s s n e d y rocess D e s i g n Mznzger o r L ~ a d ~ D ~ S Sng ine e r .



- - . - + : - . -- ? .LIQUI D *WRG€ DRUM ES I G i i

HORIZONTAL SURGE RUM Notes

DRUM SIZIN

L i q u i d F e e dN o z z l e1

Vent

I- I

- Hi gh L i qu i d Leve l -

Low Liquid Level -

3 IL i q u i d 1

O u t l e t N o z z l e I

IT a n g e n t T a n g e n t

L i n e L i n eLAT h e h i g h a n d l o w l i q u i dl e v e l s i n d i c a t e t h ee f f e c t i v e m e as ur in g r an geof the-gauge' rJlXs~s'?eV@l. . -

F.r zczz? 5 n s t a e.5 cfi

t h e s h e l l , t h e m in im mdimens ior i f rom t h e t a n g e n t

. l i n e t o t h e ce n te r l i n e o ft h e n o z z l e i s

6 + d ) i n .

where d = n o z z l e d i a r n e t e r

i n i n ch e s .

h and hb = 9 i n . o r s e t by s t z nd a r d p r a c t i c e- .c C J Z U ~ C g l a s s E e l -n s t a l l s t i o n .

Ve r_

Too T a n g e n t L i n e

-- - Hi gh eve li q u i d L i q u i dozz 1eeed

c D

-- -Low LiquidL e v e l

hV a n d hb = i n . o r s e t& s t a n d a r d p r a c t i c e sE o t t cm T a n g e n t L i n e or gauge g l a s s l e ve l i n s t a i l a ~ o n .

L i a u i dO u t l e t N c z z l e



2 ) r oe volurpe, c or re sp o nd in g t o ab ov e, ~ h o u l d e e q u i v a l e n t t o 8 0 - 9 E ~ f -h e t o ta l drum volume,

t e r a c c oun t i ng f o r use f u l he ad volume.

(3) See discuss ion on Page 6 f o r s u g g e s t e d L D ranges .

4 ) See drawing cm P a g e 3 f o r a d d i t i o n a l d e s ig n - r e c o m n d a r i e n s . i

P A G E 4 O F 63

Ja nua r y , 1972UMMUS

Examole. hor i z on t a l d r um i s t o be d e si g ne d f o r h o l d i n g l i q u i d e t h y l e n e a t -1 10 °F an d 9 0 p s i a . .E t hy l en e f l o w s i n t o t h e d rum a t a r a t e o f 35 ,000 ' I b /h r . ha v ing a de ns i t y o f 33.2 1 b / f t 3a t t h e a bo ve f lo w c o n d i t i o n s . T he d rum i s f e e d ing a r e a c to r , a nd t r e ce i v es t h e l i q u i de t h y l e n e fro m o f f - s i t e s t o r a g e .

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T I

DRUM SIZING

( 1 ) S e l e c t a su r ge t ime , TS = 12 minutes .

S inc e P > 5 0 p s i g , a st a n d a r d s i z e i s n o t a v a i l a b l e .

S e l e c t a n L D o f 3

( 2 ) Surge volume requi red:( 17 .57) ( 12 .0 ) = 2 10 .8 f t 3

CONFIDENTI L D0CUYE:iT No t t o be Reproduced

Yo1 m e t r i c f l ow r a t e :u =

Q1 =3 5 * 0 0 0 = 1 7 . 5 7 f t 3 / m i n

T 60) ( 33 .2 )



v

S T A N D A R D D A T A . 8 0 0 K P A R T 111LUMMUS

P A G E O F 6

RUM SIZING January, 1972

4 ) A c c o rd i ng t o r e c o rn e n de d v a l u e s f o r h o r i z o n t a l d ru m s. Ihv = 9 i n ch es

A . L . .

hb = i n c h e s

( 5 ) S i n c e t h e m e ch a ni ca l d e s i g n p r e s s u r e w i l l be a b o v e 1 0 0 p s i g f o r a drum with an o p e r a t i n s p r e s -s u r e o f 90 p s i a , s e l e c t 2 :l e l l i p t i c a l he ad s f o r a 5 f t diameter d rum. I

6) C o n s i d e r t h e a d d i t i o n a l v o l u m e c o n t r i b u t e d by t h e two h eads i n o rd e r t o o b t a i n a m ore ecsn cm i -cat s i z e .

D epth a t i n c h e s : ( 9 ) ( 1 0 0 ) / 6 0 = 1 5 (Low l i q u i d l e v e l )

D ep th a t 51 i n c h e s : ( 5 1 ) ( 1 0 0 ) / 6 0 = 85Z H igh l i q u i d l e v e l )

Fjom Figure 3:- --

a) Cao ac i t y o f 2 e l l i p t i c a l h e r d s a t 85: depth wi th 5 f t di a m et e r: 231 g a l s . /

O )CapacSty of 2 e l l i p t f c z l h e 2 6 a r 1 5 dept? w f t h 5 ft diaaeter

1 5 g a l s .Then s u r q e v o ' i m e i n t h e t d o h e z d s :

vo 1ume 1e fime m

a) C a p a c i t y o f 5 f t d i ame t e r s h e i l a t 85 d e ~ t h : 35.L gaj/ft p e r t o f s h e l l

( b ) C a p a c i t y o f a 5 f t d ia me te r s h e l l a t 1 5 d e ~ t h : 13.8 g a I / f i p e r t o f s h e l l

S u rg e v o l u m p e r f o o t o f s h e l l :

L en qth o f s h e l l :

Say: 11 - 5 f t ( s av ed 2 f t i n s h e l l l en g th y account ing for vo lume of heeCs . )-7) Final dimension;: u = Fr --.

L 1 1 . 5 ft

L/D = 2.3 ( L o w , b u t a c c e p t z b l e )' \

hv = 9 i n c h e s /.

hb = 9 i n c h e sh i = d i s t a cc e b et w een l ow a n d h i g h l i q u i d l v is = 42 i n .Two 5 f t d i a r e t e r e i l i p r f c a l h ez ds ----



In - t h e - s e p r r a t i o n by s e t t l i n g o f two l i q u i d p h a s is o f m a rk ed ly d i f f e r e n t d e n s i t i e s , T he d m p -l e t s o f t h e h ea vy p n z s e h a ve a t e n d e n cy t o f a 1 1 down a n d o u t o f t h e l i g h t p h a se u n d e r t h e i n -f l u e n c e o f g r a v i t y T h es e h e a v y - l i ? ~ l i d dmnlets a r c ~ e r z t e u n t ? ? :kc f r ' c t j ~ c s d r a g force

b a la n ce s t h e g r a v r t a t i c n a l f o r c e s . t t h i s p o i n t , t h e heav y d r o p l e t s c o n t in u e t o p h a s e o u t o f t h e ,l i g h t l i q u i d a t c o n s ta n t v e lo c i ty . T h is i s t h e te r m in a l o r f r e e - s e t t l i n g v e l o c i t y . An a n al o ao u smechanism appl ie s t a m e s e p a r a t i o n of t h e l i g h t - l i q u i d d r o p l e t s t h a t may be p r e s e n t i n t h e bu l k o ft h e h ea vy p h a se , e x c e p t t h a t i n t h i s c a s e t h e d r o p l e t m ot io n is u pw ard , a n d t h e f r i c t i o n a l d r a gf o r ce c r e at e d by t h i s m t i o n i s o p po s ed by t h e bu oy an cy f o r c e s i n s t e a d o f g r a v i t y .

esfcn P r i n c i p l e s--

E LUMMUS

( 1 ) The o b j e c t i v e of t h e s e t t l e r is t o ac h ie v e an e f f i c i e n t l i a u i d - l i q u i d s e p a r a t i o n , and n o t t o

prov ide surge vo7ume . Once t h e l i q u i d - l i q u i d s e t t l e r h a s be en d e s i g n e d , c e r t a i n m e ch an ic ala r ra n g em e n t s sil ch a s b a f f l e s c an b e i n s t a l l e d t o p r o v i d e s u r g e v o l m e w i t h i n t h e s a n e dru m.

2) Fo r t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e s c om o n l y fo un d i n i n d u s t r i z l l i q u i d - l i q u i d s e t t l i n g o p e r a t i o n s , t h ef o l l o w i n g e q u a t io n b a s ed on t h e S t o ke s Law g i v e s t h e f r e e - s e t t l i n g v e l o c i t y f o r t h e d r o p l e t so f o n e l i q u i d o u t o f t h e o t h e r c o n ti nu o us K q u i d p h a s e .

6. ' b l l t F R Earn

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T

R U M SIZING

= ' ks .hid b u t n o t t o e x c ~ e du

4 r ? k M 1where ph = D e n s j t y o f h ea vy l i q u i d p h a s e , 1 b / f t 3

P A G E 6 O F 6 3

J a n u a r y , 1 9 7 2

I PI = D e n s it y of l i g h t l i q u i d ph a s e, 1 b / f t 3/

cc = V i s c o s i t y o f c o n ti n u ou s p h a se , c e n t i p o i s e

I f t h e rninim ua p a r t i c l e s i z e f o r a g i ve n d i s p e r s e d l i q u i d p h as e i s known, the fo l lowing eq l ra -L ~ R is used:

w h er e d i s t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e i n i n c h e s .

I S i n c e d is n o t g e n e r a l l y a v a i l a b l e , t b e f o i l o w i n g t i tb 'l e c a n b e u se d t o s e ' r c t a v a l u e f o r ks:

L i o h t P h a s e Heavv PhzseAssumed

H i n i n u n D r c p i e t S i z e 5Hydrocarbons

Sp.gr . et 60PF < 0.85 L a t e r o r C a u s t i c 0.005 i n . = 23 z ' c r o n s 0.333-p .gr . 60°F > 0.85 W at er o r C a u s t i c

Water F u r f u r a lMEK WaterS e c - b u ty l a l c o h o l U a t e r 0.0035 i n . = EQ n i c r o n s 0.163Methyl: isoburyl ketone Water

Nonyl a coho1 Water \ O m . w - s L

\ - - - - - -

3) T he s e t t l e r d e s i g n s h o u l d c om ply w i th the r e q u ir e m e n t t h a f o r e ac h c o n ti n u o u s l i q u i d p ha seh e e & - a @ i s l a r g e r th an t h e s e t t l i n g t i r n e , b needed by t h e d r o p l e t s o f t h e d i s -

p e r s e d l i q u i d t o s e t t l e o u t. T h e r e f o r e , a c c o r d in g t o t h e a c co m p an y in g f i g u r e ,

the r e t t l i n o ve lo c ; r i ~ s t h e l i c n t q n d he~vv . T&c.%a r e i n f e e t .



A - - --

LIQUID-LIQUID SETTLER E S I G N

. - f gh t L fqu id -Ltquid Feed see de ta i l be low) Drawoff Nozzle

I

I n t e r f a c e --

Ih, 1 f t minimum)

hh l f t minimum)

Heavy LiquidDrawo f f Nozzle

NOTES

1 For nozzles jnS:l e? s

t h e s h e l l , t h e ti;^:: -

d i m n s i o n rog the t z a c e n tl i n e t o t h e c e n t 5 7 i : r ~

o f t he nozz l e t s

( 6 t d l f n .

where d = nozzle C:~-e -erf n tnc es.

Tznaeni Tangent 2 . The n o z z l e s f o r <? -

Ljne L ine g l a s s :evels t n @,mocect 2 e e v z t ~ o n

L

Deta i1:Feed Pi;e Nozzle Arr z~g erne nts Fr on t v i ew F u g e g la ss l e ve l .ir.s-.Ila:ic.r..

Feed frcr, TCD Feed f m m S i d e

F e e d t h r c u ~ hHead

7I n t e r f a c e

\, n



5 ) See drawing on Page 7 fo r ad d i t i o n a l d es i g n r eco m n end a t io n s .

. I L C L I F . --

L i m i t a t i o n s - . .-.. -L

The p r i n c i p l e s d e s cr i be d a bo ve s h ou l d no t b e a p p l i e d f o r d e s i g n i ng s e t t l e r s t h a t h a n d l e

r UMMUS

Systems where one of the phases s f i n e l y d i s p e r se d a nd a m ou nts t o l e s s t h a n 2 o f t

t o t a l f low r a t e . . Iy s t e m w he re t h e d e n s i t y d i f f e r e n c e a mo un ts t o l e s s t h a n 1 0 o f t h e h ea vy l i q u i d d en -

s i t y .

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T

Sys tems where an exce ss iv e foaming t endency i s e xpected .

In t h es e ca s es , o t h e r s ep a ra t i o n eq u ip m ent n ay have t o be c o n s i d e r e d .

P GE O F 6 3

DRUM SIZING

E x am ~l e . 5 0.0 00 l b / h r s t r ean . co n t a i n i n g 8 0 b y w e i g h t o f a ro m a t i c s and t h e b a l an ce as w a t e r , ist o b e d e li v e r e d a t 1 00 °F and a t m o sp h er ic p r e s s u r e t o a s e t t l i n g drum t o r e c o v e r t h e a n -rn a t i c s. D es io n t h e drum as a h o r i z o n t a l s e t t l e r . A t f l ow c o n d i t io n s t h e p h ys i ca l p n ? e r -t i e s a r e

January , 1972

Aromatfc phase: p1 = 53.0 lb/:t3 Wa ter: ph = 62 0 I b / f t 9p1 = 0.550 cp ph = 0.682 cp

( 4 ) See d i s cus s io n on Page36 f o r sugges ted L /D ranges .

(1 Pre l iminary des ig n data :

2 ) V o l u m e t r i c l i q u i d r a t e s :

01 = 40,DOO/i i50i(55.0)l = 1 2 . 5 8 f t 3 / n i n\

Qh = 10,000/[(60)(62.0)] = 2.69 f t 3 / m i n

B oth v a l u e s s a t i s f y : . v s e t t l j n g < 10 inches/rr;in

~ r e 1 i n l n ; t r v ay b e e s t i m a t ed f ro m t h e ex p res s i o n

D = 2 . 3l V l Qh Vh

t w he re Q i s i n f t 3 / m i n a n d v in inches / rz in .

a s s m i n g L / D = 3 .

Then D = 3.30 f t

L = 3 D) = 3(3.30) = 9.90 f t

Rounding off, D = 3 5 ft

L = 10.0 f tL / D = 2.86. This i s O K

P ro ce ed t o d e t e n n i n e t h e s e t t l i n g h e i a n t s o f t h e l i o h t a nd h ea vy p h a s e s. Rake n e c e s s a r y a d j u s trn nts t o comply wi th t h e i l l u s t r a t i o n f o r l i q u i d - li q u i d s e t t l e r d e s< g n on Pdge 7.



us E ELUMMUSS T A N D A R D D A T A e o o u - P A R T - 111

DRUM S I Z I N G Decenber. 1975

3.5 = 0.62 f t

u..

-,

---

Then a c c o r d i w t he re co rn en de d v alu e, .A=.

hh = 1 t [m;~imum h e i g h t )

and h i = D h h = 3.5 - 1.0 = 2.5 f t = 30 i n c h e s9

6) Check t h a t t he s do n o t exceed the re s i dence t i m es .

12 (hh) - 12 (1.0) = 2-73minutesh = Vh 4.39

Fmm Table 2 f o r # = = 0.286, Ah = 0,236r

a nd Ah = 0 .2 36 ( ~ / 4 ) ( 3 . 5 ) ~ 2 .2 7 ft

Then Eh = h = 2 2 . 2 7 ( l o ) = 8 - 4 4 m in u te sQh 2.6%

T here fo re eh > q

Then A1 = A - Ah = 9.62 - 2 .27 = 7.35 f t

nd 91 = A = 7.35 ( 1 0 ) = 5.24 minutes9 12-58

T h e r e f o r e > t.1

(7) F i na l D i m ens i ons : D = 3.5 f t

L = 10.0 ftV = 2.86h i = 3 i nches h i = 2.5 fthh = 1 2 i n c h e s

L i q u i d

I n t e r f a c e

hh = 1.0 ft

POR-LIOUID SEPARP.TCR DESi

V e r t i c a l a nd h o r i z o n t a l drums a r e c o r n o n l y u s e d t s eD a ra te v a p o r - l i q u i d m i x tu r e s . When onlyone ' l i qu id phase i s i n v o l v e d , t h e f a c t o r s a f f e c t in g t h e d e si on a r e t h e v a p o r v e l o c i t y a n d , i e-

q u i r e d , the l i q u i d s u r ge tim e. W he ne ver tw o i n m i s c i b l e l i q u i d ph as es a r e p r e s e n t , t h e d e s i o r ibecomes m ore c om ple x b e ca us e t h e s e t t l i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e tw o l i q u i d s be t e k e n i n t oaccount. I n a d d i t i o n , p r oc e ss c o n s i d e r a t io n s may d e t e r n i n e t h a t an a t t a c h e d p o t or t r a ~ o u t o o tb e us ed t o c o l l e c t t h e h e av y l i q u i d ph ase s.

The f o l l o w i n g s k e t c h s u m a r i z e s the d es fg n methods f o r v a ~ o r - l i q u i d e p a r z b r s :

CONF DEBTiAL WCUt?ENT - Not to be Reproduced



LTWO LIQUIDS ONE LIQUID

ce UMMUS

K.O. DRUMSk d rj K.O. DRUMS

l

S T A N D A R D D A T A . B. .OOK- - -P,ARf I I I----- . .

I tf a1 S e ~ a r a t o rIL Lfz roor and Twu i m i s c i b l e L iq uid s

P A G E 10 OF 63

DRUM SIZING

I t i s n o t c o r w n p r a c t i c e t o u se a v e r t i c a l drum t o s e p a r a t e a v a p o r an d two l i q u i d s b e cz u se2 u x i l i a r y i n t e r n a l s a r e g e n e r a ll y n eed ed t o e f f e c t a s h a r p l i q u i d s e p a r a t i o n . T h i s e x t r a~ ~ 2 f ; a e n t r e q u e n t l y m akes t h e c o s t h i g h e r t h a n t h a t o f a h o r i z o n t a l v e s s e7 ; a l s o t h e v e r t i c a lr m i s f r e q u e n t l y l a r g e r i n d i a m e t e r .

J a n u a r y , 1972

1 L - n s l d e r a f e e d t o a v e r t i c a l drum c o n s i s -t ' ng o f g a s , o i l , a n d w a t e r . T he v z p o r

? d ir e -" g as f m m t h e l i q u i d s . T he b .+

l i c d i c s f a l l t h r o u g h t h e d ru m, a c cu mu -_ _a i t a nd e v e n t u a l l y b u i l d up i n t o tw o

;a:.,ers. e b o t r om ? t y e r ca n b e w i t h -crzwn w- i thcc t car ry i r ig ou t any o f t h ec: l . H ow ev er, i f t h e v e s s e l d o e s n o tk a- e t h e a o p ro p r i ac e i n t e r n a l s , t h e o i li a y c r i s f i l l e d w i t h w a t e r d r o p l e t sw n i ~ h r e s e i t l i n g t o t h e b ot to m . Con-..2 = 7 U e n t 1 y , t w i l l b e d i f f i c u l t t o w it h-

) C rzv u a t e r - f r e e o i l . S e v er a l c a s e s m yI b e c o n s i d e r e d t h e n .

-I

I[VAPOR L IOUI S E P A ~ T O R S

Vapor

T

I n t e r f a c e

Feed

L i g h t L i q u i dDrawoff

Z I f th'e t o t a l q u a n t i t y o f w a t er is

v e r y s m a l l s o t h a t t h e a mo un t w i t h -d rzwn wi th the o 7 wi l l have noe f f e c t on t h e p r o c e s s , .t h e n a s i d ed ra w o ff f r o n t h e v e s s e l w i l l bes a t i s f a c t o r y , a s i l T u s t r a t e d ,

-Heavy Liquid Drawoff

b) w a t e r - f r e e o i l i s r e q u i r e d , t h e na p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r n a l s w i l l be n ec e s-s a r y t o a c hi e ve t h e s e p a r a t i o n o f t h etw o l i q u t d p h a s e s . C o n s i d e r f i r s t

th c a s e w he re t h e o i l q u a n t i t y i sr e l a t i v ~ l y m al l and t h e s e t t l i n gv e l o c i t y f o r t h e w a te r o u t o f t h eo i l p h a s e is much l z r ~ e rh a n t h es e t t l i n g v e lo c i t y f o r t h e o i l o u to f t h e w a t e r p h as e. I n this i n -s t a n c e , t h e o i l can be wi thdrawnth rough a hood , s shown.

The v e r t i c a l v e l o c it y o f t h e o i l

r i s i n g t h ro u g h t h e h oo d m u st n o te xc ee d t h e s e t t l i n g v e l o c it y f o r

VaporT

L i g h t L i q u i dDrawoff

-L

Heavy Liquid rawoff

No t t o be Reproduced



(c) When t h e o i l v c l m e i s s o ? a r g e t h a ta s i m p l e hood c a n n o t b e u s e d t h e T Y F ~ c j

I f q u i d m i xt u re i s a?ioweb t o d r opon a b a f f l e p l a t e a nd e n t e r i n t o ad d n s p l j u t w h ic h e n d s r b o v e t h e i n t e r -

face.

'The main d i f f i c u l t y w i t h t h i s d e si g nI s t h a t the c m o l e x i t y o f the i n t e r -n a l ~ n c r e a s f s t he c o s t . I t I s the L ig h tdesf gn o f t h i s type c f s e p a r z t s r

Ljquid

t h a t i s discussec 5elow. Drawcff

( 1 ) For the vapor-I tqu idBrown equztion ~ i v e n

where 01 = h s i t y c f t \ e l i g h t l i q t f C F ~ O S C , 1 b / f t 3py = kr6i t j r ~f the vzcrsr g.?ase ;t ftZ

,K = O a f c r a v e r t i e f drrrs with d wi mesh cr--d m rr msh

EKE~UMMUS

IZ j For A?ar=fcle sties cz .m zz l v f:rr?5 ir inc lrstrial l i qu i d - l i qu i d s e t t l i n c c p c ra t i c ns . u e

follcdric eqsacfan t . c r f d on t k e Szskes Lrr $ v e t &t frz s t t i ing velocity f o r t ,e d r a p -lets of one licuic o c t of :Ae car.tfrm*s ~sF'. ie-

S T A N D A R D D A T A O O K - P A R T X I . P GE 11 O F 63

:er:?irg s <;~-; :.'.Jc b u t no t to J inc s/mir:

DRL STiIAG . 2 s n t ik rv . 1572

Tre ; r a i k e Z >$ tc~:c- e i : r; r----3-- . 2 c o L k, are d i s c ~ c s e i ;n F ~ S P. Vtlctes o kS forssr e m r : j ~ - s t e - r 2 2 g:;-er t ~ c 1 0 ~ ;

3 ) The desicr; s h c u i l ccn;; _v w i tr the recuirecent L ?t f o r ezch c o n t i n l r c c ~ h zs e , the m i l e n c et<rr;c 3 i c ia rcer t c n the settifng t i r e t

F C P ~ ~y 'e d r x i 2 + - s o f t h e dissersel l i r u i dto set:'le o u t . nerefcc.re, a c c a r d i r g t o th

a c c ~ ? a n y fc f i g u r e ,

I ? h: , n f f i a t e se l > t = -.r -

" t h = . i n u t e svh n r ?

uhere v l and vh a r e Lbe s e t z l i n g v e l o ci t 'e z i n t e kt, il i o h t a n d h e a v y , ieses. T6e se:t : ing n e i ~ 5 z r . l 3 - 1acd h h , are f n f ee t .

Ip D - J

I



7 I - - - - _ _ _ -- - - - - p +3 - - - - - -.. ----. .- -V E R T I C A L V A P O R - L I QU IT , SLrJARATOI( IIC l N

p 4 k

' /- ---. ? ,@

c '.. I -J l t S-- -- I

(One o r Two L i qu id Phases; Wi th Opt ion al Wire Mesh) I

Vapor Nozzle

r

Kt\= If h e r e i s n o wi re - me s h e n t r a i n m e n t s c p a r a t o r . I n t h e d ru m,'->hcn ht.0. I f a w i r e mesh i s u s ed , p k e h + = l f t r n i ~ ~ i n a ~ r i .As f a r a s t h e v a p or - 1 i q u i d s e p a r a t i o n s oe s. a l a r a c v a o o r

< . - -

s p ~ c c bov e t he w ir e mcsh i s u n n e c e ~ s a ~ ~ .I

I9 = T l ~ i c k n ~ s sf t h e wi r e- m e sh e n t r a i n m e n t s e p a r a t o r , r e f e r $ 0I'agr 29.

I

1 I l c i g l i t o f t h e va p or s pa c e, s e t I. - - -_ i

I tV = 0.5 D + 1 / 2 ( u p p e r n o z z l e d i a m e t e r ) 1- - ---bu t no t sma l l han d ru m u f t l l o u t w i r e mesh) o r

r c m es h) I

hn = 1 / 2 ( l o we r n o z z l e d l a m e t e r ) + 1 / 2 ( u p p e r n o z z l e d i a m e t e r ) , I. 1 Fced Nozzlea 1 ;Iiougli a minirnc~rno f hn=O can be used.

Gl l~cri 1ot:l i feed nozzle s co nta in t he same re la t iv e vapor /1 q 1 ~ 1l l odds, the III~ i ~ n ~ r mn i s recosm~ended. The nozzle'ss l l o ~ r l d )? l o c a t e d a t t h c s ame e l e v a t i o n b u t o r i e n t e d :

. 2 Feod Nozz le a l lout 90 ' from each ot her . I

F or fe ed s o f d l f f e r e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , i t may be advan-:tdqcous t o space feed nozz les an add i t i ona l 18 i n c h ? sa l l a r t. L o ca t e n o z z l e w i t h t he h i g h e r v a p o r / l i q u i d r a t i o ,on t l i e top .

I f the re i s on ly one feed nozz le , then hn=O.

I lbn( l , l ln) 1 / 2 ( l o we r n o z z l e d ia m e t e r ) + . G r e a t e r o f 2 f t o r h S

h s T h i s d l m c n s i o n s e t s t h e ma xi mu m h e i g h t t o wh i ch t h e I i q u , i dl e v e l w i l l b e p en ni t t e d t o r i s e . I n c e r t a i n c a se s, s u cha s i n c om pr es so r f i r s t s t a g e k no c k -o u t dr um s, l i q u i d s p i l l sFro ln pre ced inq un i t s can happen. I t i s t h e n a d v i s ,i ~ b l e op r * o vl d e a a i n i m ~r n i s e q u i v a l e n t t o 5 -1 0 a d d i t i o n a l ~ n i n u t e so f s u rg e t i m e b as ed on l i q u i d r a t e n o r m a ll y p r e s e n t i n t h e

Feed.

ha = U i s t a n c c fr o m l i q u i d l e v e l t o t h e b o t t o m s u r f a c e o fI ~ a f f l c , s e t I i a a t a l ~ i in in tum f 6 i n . i n c l u d i n g thicknesso f b a f f l c p l a t e .

Ill. - D i s t a nc e f r om h ot t o m fa c e o f t h e b a f f l e t o t h e c e n t c rl l r i t o f t li c l i g h t l l q ~ r i d o zz le . T l i is d l s t a n c e i s ; et t os a L I s i y t h e r c q u ir e n lc n t s o f s u r g e t i l ll e f o r t h e l i g h t l i q u i dIIIIJSC. I f t h e r e t e n o r c q u i r c i n e r i ~ f o r s u r q e t i m e ,t i l - ~ O i n , l / ? ( l l < ~ l i l . i i ( ~ \ r i r l o x z l c d I , t w t e r ) ,

Ill till = S e l L l i r t g h c l l l i t ~ I 'o r l i l l r t a nd I t c av y p l i a s e s . r e s ) e c t l v c l y .

hi 6 i nc t i cs o r s e t b y s t a n d a r d p r a c t i c e s f o r ga ug e g la s s l e v e linstallation.



(4) T h e v e r t i c a l s e ~ a r a t o rmay be designed t o provide a surg e volume fo r the li g ht li qu idphase a t the expense of an increased vessel height.

Eg UMMUS

(5 ) See Page 36 for suggested L/D ranges.

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T I i I P A G E 1 3 O F 63

RUM SIZING ( Januzrv. 1972

( 6 ) See drawing on Page 12 f o r add it ion al desi gn recomnenda ti ons .

Examole. In an ethylene unit, cracked gas containing a benzene-type hydrocarbon and water i s

ocled to 90°F, and th e -li~~id'phas$ esre-to'-b'e Fc;3bered-?~'a i~r-lfqwi.j'se~ira-t o r . A ver tic al drum with a wire-mesh mi st elimin ator i s speci fie d. Operatic5 pres.S re f 3 T C Z < .Ja 2:ld < f 5 n e c ; . ~ : ? i j r T h 1f r c r g e t i c ? f o r + h e h v d r @ c d r h ~ nh a s e

of 25 minutes

(1) The given info rnat ion ,Mass Flow

Rate, lb/hr P , 7b / f t3 U, C D

Crzcked Gas W = 415,000 p v = 0.6973 ------Hydrocarbcn l = 16,500 pl = 53.95 PI = 0.630Hater Wh = 1,300 ph = 62.11 ph = 0.764

TS = 25 minutes fo r l ig h t phase.

There i s no speciffed heavy phase sarce time.

K = 0.35 , ince a wire-mesh sepa rato r i s recu ired.

( 2 ) Vo?unetric flu4 r a t e s :

Vapor: 0, = Wv/ 60 9,) = 415,000/ (60)(0.6'373)] = 55; i3/minL i g h t Liqufd: Ci = 'kl((60 pl) = 16,509/ (60)(53.95)] = 5-10 f t 2 / n i nHeavy Liquid: C.h = bib, (60 ph = . 1,300/[(00)(62.11)~ = 0.35 ft3/nir.

3 ) grun d i s z e t ~ r se d on a l lowable vapor ve loci ty :

Round o i i to neares t 0.5 f t , = 8.50 f:

The vapor cross-se ctional area is A = 0.7853 ( D ) ' = 0.7853 (8.50) = 56.75 ft2

4 ) Sei t?f ns veloci ty of the heavy I fquid drople ts cut of the l ig ht phzse , v l .

Se t t l i na ve loci ty o f t he 1 g h t l i qu id dm ole t s ou t of - the -heaugshase , VJ,.

5 ) Sizino of the baff le p la te .

Siz e the area Ab with th e ai d of t he ch art below on P2ge 14.

With the above (o1-oV) vaiue and an assumed (ho - ha) = 24 i n . , G = C6CO.

Calculate another Ab f o r w = 4 incnes.

w/D = 4/[(12)(8.50)) = 0.0392. which corresponds to A b A = 0.0130 in Table

A b= (0.0130)(56.75) = 0.737 f t :

Se i e r t t 9 e l a r c e r one , fib = C.7c ft -

CSNFiDENT:AL C G C L Y i ; i i - Not to be Reproduced



i I MAX IMUM ALLOWABLE DOWNFLOU

I

, , , . . . , . . . , . . , , , . . , ,

OOOL 8 . 8 : , [ , , . , , 6 4 , . , . b , . . , I . . I . , , . . , i .4 . . . . . s . , . 1 1 : . . : 1 1 , ) . : 1 : , 1 , . , I . < . . I . . ,

, . , , . a . : . . . . . 1 . ' l ' f , , , : I . , . , . : . , ; . I .

, ' , , . , , , . . I . . . . , , S t . . . . . - 1. . .. . . . . ,, I I . / / , . : j , . . , , , . ; . I ; . . .

. . . , f .

. I 1 - . : , . . . , > i I . I . / I . . , . . , . . . I

. - , . , ; . / ' , . . I 8 : . . , . I I . . , , . . , .

. . . . . , .

i . ,. / I . , , . 4 I . . . , i .

. , : . , . ' 1PI - c V , l b / f t 2 I . ,. . . . . ,

,C25, : , . . I . . . I .

E I UWUS

( 6 ) Assume h l = 1 f t . The s e t t l i n g t im e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e he av y l i q u i d d r c p l e t s t o s e t t l et h r o u g h this d i s t a n c e i s

t i = (12 h l ) / v l = ( 1 2 ) ( 1 ) / 2 . 1 1 = 5.7 m i n u t e s

* T hen, t h e s e t t l i n g a r e a for t h e l i g h t l i q u i d p h a se . A l i s

A = A-Ab 56.75 - 0.74 = 56.01 f t 2

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T I I I.- ,, I KUMSIZING

(7) Assume hh = 1 ft. T n e s e t t l i n g tine r e qu i re d f o r t h e l i g h t l i q u i d d r o p le t s t o s e t t l et h r o u o h t h i s dis'cance i s

P A G E 1 4 O F 62 - -. C

J a n u a r y , 1 9 7 2

I I t h = ( 1 2 h h ) / v h = ( 1 2 ) (1 ) / I -74 = 6.9 m i n u t e s ,

8) The r e s i d e n c e t i n e o fesch

p h z s e b a s e d o nthe

vo1urr .e~o c c u ~ i e d

y t h e l i g h t ar,d h t v yp h a s e s a r e

V1 = h l A = 1 ( 5 6 . 0 ) = 56 f t 3 Vh = hh Ah = 1 tC5.75) = 56.75 f t Z

l = 56/5.1 = 1 1 m i n u t e s e h = 56.75/0 .35 = 1 6 2 m i n u t e s

I I T h e r e f o r e , € 1 > t1 and eh > t h a n d t h e r e i s no need t o i n c r e a s e the d i a m e t e r . II 9 ) S i n c e a s u r g e t i m e of 2 5 m i n u t e s i s r e q u i r e d f o r t h e h y d ro c ar b on p h a se .

h r = Q1 (2S)/A1 = 5 .1 ( 2 5 ) / 5 6 = 2.28 f t = 27 i n c h e s I

, C 3: ; F i DEKTIAL DOCUMENT - N o t t o b e R?-,roduced

\ ( 1 0 ) Drum d im en si on s a r e s e t a c c o rd i n g t o t h e r e c a m en d e d p r a c t i c e s a f v e n on Fage 1 2 . ~ o w -

e v e r , s i n c e t h e r e i s a l a r g e ma ss o f v a p o r t o b e h a n d l e d , a n d o n l y a sr ail a n c u n t o fl i q u i d , b e- je ne ro us i n s e t t i n g v e r t i c a l d i m en s io n s t o o b t a i n a f i n a l druir; o f r e z s o n a > l es h a p e . - Use a 24- inch d ia me te r fee d nozz e .



rEzLUMMUS

hr = 1 f ts = 0 . 5 f t ( s e e P a g e 2 9 )h v = 0 .5 D 0 . 5 ( N o z zl e d i a m e t e r ) = 0 . 5 ( 8 . 5 ) 0.5(2) = 5 . 3 t

h n = 0hs = 0hbn = O . S ( N o z z l e d i a m e t e r ) 2 = 1 2 = 3 f tha = 0 . 5 f t

. h r = _ 2 . 2 5 - f t . -h l = 1 f thh = 1 f tldn = i i . 5 i t

EzLuMMUs

~ i n ~ e n t - t o - t a n g e n te n g t h , L S ur rn in g u p v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e s , L = 15 f t TnenL/D = 1.8.

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - PART IDRUM S I ~ I M . .- . -I

II

T he L/D r a t i o f a l l s w i t h i n t h e r e c o rn e n d e d r a n g e o f 1 . 5 t o 5.0. S i n c e t h i s i s a c a s ? o fh i gh p r e s su r e v a p o r - li q u i d s e p a r a t i o n , P = 1 6 5 p s i a , n one o f t h e s t a n d a r d t an k s f i e s I ss u i t a b l e f o r t h e j o b . I n g e n e r al , f o r P > 5 0 p s i a a n L /D r a t i o o f a b o u t 3 t o 4 i sf a v o r e d . H owever, i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r c a s e t h e drum d i a m e t e r i s f i r . 2 6 a t 8 50 f t due to av a p or v e l o c i t y l i m i t a t i o n a n d c a n n o t b e r e du ce d . S i n c e to f n c r e a s e r, le drum fens t w i l l

o n l y w a s t e drum v o lu m e, a n e c o n o m i c a l l y a c c e p t a b l e d e s i g n i s p r o b a b l y t h e a b o ve c n e , e v ent h o u g h the L / D r a t i o is s o m e w h a t o n t h e l o w s i d e .

P A G E 15 OF63

Januzr r : 7972'

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - PART1 nm

B. Vaoor and One Liauid Phase Inc luding Knock-Out Dwms

P A G E 15 OF63

A v e r t i c a l v a p o r -l i q u id s e p a r a t o r w i t h o n l y o n e l i q u i d p h as e i s d e s i g n e d w i t h t h e m et ko d de-s c r i b e d i n S u b s e c t i o n A Page 10. However,

( a ) A l l r e fe r en c es t o a l i g h t l i q u i d p h a se , s e t t l i n g t i ~ ~ s sn d s e t t l i n ? V E - ~ o c i t i e s ,n ds e t t l i n g b a f f l e a r e d i s re g zr d ed . Hence, ho=O.

( b ) The l i q u i d h e i ~ h t s e s t a b l i s h e d b y

T he r e q u i r e d s u r g e v o lu m e.A m i n im i n h e i g h t o f 24 i n c h e s : e x c e p t f o r k n oc k - ou t d ru m s w h e re L i j d i s t e c c e rrsybe r e d u c e d t o a m in im rm o f 1 f t

IH u r i z ~ f l t a l e o a r a t o r

IVacor and Two Immisc ib le L iauids

h ' cr iz o n ta l drum s a r e f r e q u e n t l y s m a l l e r t h a n a v e r t i c a l v e s s e l f o r t h e s a z e d u t y .

T he he z vy l i q u ' i d p h a s e c a n b e w it h d r aw n e i t f b e r d i r e c t l y from t h e s h e l l o r through a p o t o rt r a p o u t b o o t w e l d e d t o t h e v e s s e l .It h r o u oh a n o z z l e i n t h e h ea d. 2 ) f r o n b e h i n d a b a f f l e , o r 3) t h r o u g h a d ow np ip e o r f i o o ln i p p l e . T he c h o i c e o f t h e s e is o p t i o n a l .

1 ) F o r t h e v a p o r - l i q u i d systems c on an on ly e n c o u n t e re d i n p r o c e s s a p p l i c a t i oti g i v e n b e l o w i s u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e a l l o w z b le v ap o r v e l o c i t yfg -

Hence, the u s e o f a w i r e m esh i n a h o r i z o n t a l d r u m i s o n ly j u s t i f i e d t o a c h i e v e h i ~ h i q u i dr en o va 1 e f f i c i e n c y , s i n c e t h e w i r e m esh d o e s n o t r e d u c e t h e v a po r s p a ce . I

2 ) F o r t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e s c om no nly f o u n d i n i n d u s t r i a l l i q u i d - l i o u i d s e t t l i n g o pe ra tf ;t ;s , t k ef o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e S t o k e s Law g i ve s t h e f r e e - s e t t l i n g v e l o c i t y f o r t k c r s p -l ets o f o ne l i q u i d o u t o f t h e o t h e r c o n t i n u o u s l i q u i d p h a s e :

C 2rrF CENT AL DOC Jr.tNT - Not t o b e R e p ro d u ce d



S T A N D A R D - - D . A J f - A t - 8 0 . 0 K = P A ' C I 1 I . [ P I A G E ~ ~ F 6

DRUM SIZING Jz nua r y , 1 9 7 2

I

II

v s e t t 1 j n g = ks ( P ~ - P ~ ) / V ~ ,ut no t t o e xc e e d 10 inc hes /m in

+ie

where p = D e n s i t y o f h ea vy l i q u i d p h as e , 7 b / f t 3 t t 8 5

,3 ' ..L flp1 = D e ns it y o f l i g h t l i q u i d p h as e , l b / f t 3c5= w

o c = V i s c o s i t y o f c o n t i nu o u s p h a se , c e n t i p o i s e-- A5GJ o

T he v a lu e s t o be a s s i g n e d t o t h e c o n s t a n t k S a r e d i sc us se d on Pa ge 6. Values of k s f o rsene trmnr, y rems s r e ;ivel b e l w

Li ah t Phase Heavy Phase-.

Hydrocarbons---.

S p . g r . 60°F < 0 . 8 5S p . g r . B 60°F > 0.85 =

WaterMEK Water

; S e c - bu ty l a l so ho l Wa ter

Methyl i so bu ty l ke ton e WaterNonyl a1 coho1 Water

I( 3 ) T he d es il gn s h o u l d c o mp ly w i t h t h e r e q u i r em e n t t h a t f o r ea ch c o n t i n u o u s l i q u i d p h a s e , t h e

r e si d en c e t i c e , 8 , is l a r g e r t ha n t h e s e t t l i n g t i m e, t n ee de d by t h e d r o p l e t s o f t h e d i s -p er se d l i q u i d t o s e t t l e o u t . T h e r e f o r e , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e a cc om pa ny in g f i g u r e ,

c h > rh =12 inutesv h

L i g h t l 9

I n t e r f a c e

t i e ~ v y h h I

e l > t l =12 inutesVI

w h e ~ ; and rh a r e t h e s e t t l i n g v e f c c i t ie s i n t h e l i g h t arid heavy phasz;. S e r L : i c ~

h si gn is , i-11 and h h , a r e i n f e e t .

I

Vapor ---

I d ) The hcr: zsn: al s e x r a t o r xa y be d e s ig n e d t o p r o v i d e a s u r g e v o l s n e f c r 3 i ~ k : 1 ic ; z i cp ha se a t t h e ex p en s e o f a n i n c r e z s e d v e s s e l d i m e t e r . I

( 5 ) See Page 36 f o r s u g p e s t e d L / D r a nge s .

(6) See drzwings on Page 1 6 f o r a d d it i o n al d e s ig n r e c o m n d a t i o n s .

B. H o r i z o n t a l S e ~ a r a t o t - sw i t h a Heavy Liouid Pot

n a d d i t i o n t t h e d e s ig n p r i n c i p l e s l i s t e d u nd er S u b se c ti o n on P a ~ e 5 t + e boo: d e s i g n c u s ts a t i s f y t h es e c r i t e r i a :

( a ) D cw mard f l ow v e l o c f t y f o r t h e h e zv y l i q u i d i n t h e p o t , v is no* ~ x c e t d k t h es e pa r at i on v e l o c ft y o f t h e l i g h t l i q u i d d m p l e t s o u t o f h e a v y 9 a s e .

F or d es ig n p u r p o s e s , m i s l i m i te d t o a maximum o f Q i n c h e s / e i n ,- - - - -.--..-- . -.. .

( b ) T i a n ? e u s 1 f t : T t h e dthedrun d ia m e te r . :

( c ) See drawing on f o r a d d i ti o n a l d e si gn r e c m e n d a t i o n s .

Examole. A f t e r c o o l i n g of f t o 1 00 °F a t 25 p s i g , a p r o c e s s s t r e a m o f h y d m c a r b o n v z o o r c o n t a i n ssome condensed hydrocarbons and wate r . Design a h o r i z o n t a l s e p a r a t o r w i th a p o t toe f f e c t t h e r e c o v e r y o f t h e v a p or p ha s e and t h e s e p a r a t i o n o f t h e two l i q u i d p h a s e s.P r o c e s s c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e a 1 5 - m i n u t e s u r g e t i m e f o r th hydr oc a r bon pha se -

1 ) G i v e n i n f a n a t i o n :

W I b h r p . l b / f t 3 U CD

Vapor w 35.0~0 = 0.190 -----

Hydrocarbon U ? = 45,030 01 40.5 u 1 = 0 . 2 4Water Wh = 7 . 5 0 @ Fh 2.0 pt, = 0.682

W t O t 2 j = 287,520



. ,-,--.-.- . . __1---.-- - - -- --

(4SEPAItATOR I IT SI N Wf_Ttl ITAVY 1 1 - ,I- L,,

t

( Two L lqu id P l~ascs- Optional Wlro Mcstl) POTES.--

eed ( see de t a i l be low) For nozz les in s t a l le d on t he she l l , t he m l~ r lm um lm ens lon f r omt he t a n ge n t l i n e t o t he c e r it c r l i n e o f t h c n o z z le i s

6 + d ) i n . ,I

w he re d n o z z l e d i a m e te r i n i n c he s . T h l s r u l e a p p l i e s a l s o t o 1t h e p o t l o c a t i o n .I L i g l l t h t I f t he r e I s no w i r e -m esh en t r a lnm en t s epar a t o r i n t he d rum,

L iqc l i t l t hen h t - 0 . I f a w i r e m esh i s used, nuke h t - 1 f t minimum.Drawo f As f a r as t he vap or - l iqu id sepa r a t ion goes, a la r ge vapor

space above the w ir e mesh Is unnecessary.

s Thickness o f t h e wl re - mc s h e n t r a i n m e n l s e p a r a t o r , r e f e r

t o Page 29.

l i w = D i s t a n ce f r o m t h e ma xl mu m l i q u i d l e v e l t o t h e e n t r a n c e o fthe wire-mesh s eparat or , hw=2 f t miniaum. I f a n e n t r a i n -m en t separ a t o r i s no t used , hw=O.

h v t l e i g h t o f t h e va p o r s pa c e s e t b y t h e l a r g e r o f 1 f t , t h e re-qu i r e d vapor space, o r ( h t + s + hw).

B a f f l e Tllr Dls t ance f r om t he m aximum l i qu idl e v e l t o t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t h el i g h t l l q u i d no zz le , T h ls d i s-t an c e I s s e t t o s a t i s f t h e r e -q u l r e m e nt o f e l h c r ( a 7 a s p cc i -f l e d s u r gc t i me f o r t h e l l g l i tl l qu ld o r ( b ) m in im um subm er gencet o avo id vo r t ex f o r m at ion , wh lch -e v e r I s c o n t r o l l i n g . I lo w ev er ,

4 sometimes i t s more advantageous

Tanqcrt t Tangent to bu i l d a surge compar tnlent by

High Liq.Leve1---L--- .-

L l g h t

L l g h t =r Phase<

Phase

L l ne L l n e I n s t a l l i n g a ba f f le as shown.OCTATL

111 hh = S e t t l i n g h e l g h t s 9f t he l f g h t and heavy phases, r esp ec t iv e ly .

Feed Hozzl c Arranqemcnts Il lo Olstance f rom he ilci _tnm o f t h e k u m s he l l

f r e ICVEIe., Lib. p o i n t f o r l o c a t l n g t h m

Feed t iozzle Throuqh Top Feed Nozzle Through Slde ~ c o n t r o l l c r , l o = 0 5 f t m r n i r n l l t ,

O l s t a n cc u o m t h e b o t t o m o f t h e p o t t ,* t h c ~ mi ni mt rm n t e r f a el c v c l I.c. ~ eo l n t f o r o c a t i n g th e lo w e r t a p - f o r t h e I n t e r -

m l o n t r o l l e : , b12 5 mini mu^.v

I L1.-a

Marirn~rrn . i r l~ rld mL a v o l c v u l -*

0

W



-- - - - - --T

- . -TS = '15 minutes, as speci f iedkS = 0 . 3 3 3 since the hydrocarbon material i s f a i r l y l i g h t (l ig ht er than sp.gr. of 0.85)

(According to Page 6)K = 0.3 5, na wir e mesh wi ll be used. (According t o Page 11)

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T xmmus

DRUM SIZING

(2) Set h t 0 s=0 and hlp= 6 inches = 0.5 f t (minimum).

3 ) The volumetric f'ow ra te s ar e

P AG E 15 O F 6

January. 1572

3 = w,6o>,J =235,~)0~1/[&10.1a)I = 20,614 f i - 3 ~ i n

Q1 = W]/[69 p l ] = 45,000/[60 (40.5)f = 18.52 ft3/mlnGn = nn/isz ~ 2 3,5;;j;Gz ; i.c;; = ; : ; fz /aic

( 4 ) The allcwable vsDor velocity is

.

Cal cu lat e the minimum seamental-area r e c u i r ~ d f3qw.

AV = Qv 60 va] = 20,674/[60 (5.10)] = 6 7 .4 f t 2PS j S e t t l i n q velo city of the heavy li qu id , vl out of the li gh t phzse:

Therefore, make

5 ) S e tt l in g v el cc it y of t he l i ~ h tiquid, vh, cut of the heavy phzse:

vh = k, (~h-pl ) /vh = 0.333 (62.0 - 40.5)/0.622 = 10.50 fn/nin-- A~n/nin (maxinun). L

* O

7 : A preiininsry drum diameter may be estfzated f r o m Figure 6.

1.3 kV = 1.3 (67.4) = 8 7 . 5 , and

which aives a preliminsry dizxeter of = 10.5 f t

a ) wit t h i s ptcceed to dinensicn othe r distances according to drawins on P a p 1.5.

* A = a/4)D2 = ( ~ / 4 ) ( 1 0 . 5 ) ~ 86.6 f t 2Fpo MbF 2.

1 - 0,274 IWith AV/A = 67.4 D6.5 = 0.778, obtain fmz Tzble 2 the value (hv/D) 0 .727 . IThen, hv = 0.727 (10.5) = 7.63. t = 91-6 nches. Roundins off, tttt= 9z.inchss.

Refer now to drawing on P a ~ e 8. - h V = (10.5)(12) -92 = hr + h i - hip

--

Se t hl = 1.5 f t = 16 inches (minimm)

hl,, = 0.5 f t = @ (minimum)

Hence, @ = (126-92-186) = X j m 3 1 1 -

If o r holdina 1 5 minutes of 'liqht licvid zbove t e

I( A ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~A - AV = 86.6 - 67.4 = 19.2 f t 2

Area u p to a height of 1 2 in hes = h l - hip

CONFiDE?4TIAL DQCPEENT - No t to be Reproduced



--

From Ta bl e 2: A1-lp/A = 0 .0 4 8 4

I - .

(10) Check t h a t t h e t o t a l r e s i d e n c e t w e onoe t h a n k e s e t t l i n g

- -

.

T o t a l h e i g h t o f l i g h t l i q u i d : h r + h i = 22 + 1 8 = 4 0 i n ch es .

A re a l e f t f o r ho ld -u p a bo ve t h e l i q h t l i q u i d d ra w o ff n o z z l e = 19 .2 - 4.2 = 15.0 f t 2I k -- .. - x 7 . s- +- c - - --. +

= 1 8 . 5 2 f t . R ou nd in o o f f , L z 1 9 f t

S e t t l i n g t i n e , t l = 4 inches = 4 m i n u t e s .10 i n c h e s / m i n

L / D r a t i o = 1 9 / 1 0 .5 = 1.81>J ~ ef i QL)

T o ta l r e s i de n c e t im e f o r l i g h t l i q u i d ,

EELUMMUS.

, e l = A1 L /Q1 = 1 9 .2 ) 1 9 .0 ) / 7 8 .5 2 = 1 9 .7 m i n u t e s . T h e r e f o r e . €1 >> tl

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T I I I [ P AGE 0 OF6

DRUM SIZINTr J a n u z r y , S i 2

11) D es ig n o f t h e h e av y l i o u i d o o t

I Downward f lo w v e l o c i t y f o r t h e h ea vy l i q u i d i n t h e p o t .

Try vp = 0.75 vh = 0 75 1 0 ) = 7.5 inches/rnin

P o t d i a r z t e r , JL

Dp = 3 .9 l JPh / vp = 3 . 9 l r . = i m i = 2 . 0 3 f t . Rounding o f f , % = 2.5 f t.- '

Volume o f h t a v y p h a s e . Se t h h =

IR es i d en ce t iae o f t h e h e z vy p h a s e ,

eh = Yh/Q, = 9 ._82 /2 .02 = 4 .8 6 m i n u t e s

S e t t l i n g time,

I = 1 2 hh/vh = 1 2 ) 2 ) / 1 0 = 2 . 4 m i n u t e s . T h e r e f o r e , e h > tn

1 2 ) S u m ~ r y f The Der ian

hV = 7 f t -8 i nh r = 1 f t i O i nh i = 1 f t - 6 i n

h l p = 6 i n c h e shh = 2 f t - 0 i n

C. Y8zor and One L iqu id Phase Includ ina Knock-Out Dru.zsbA h o r i z o n ta l v a po r -l iq u id s e ~ a r a t o r i t h o n l y o ne l i q a i d phase is d e s i g n e d w i t h t h e nenetkcd

d e s c r i b e d i n S u b s e c t io n A on Page 15 However,

a ) A l l r e fe r e nc e s t o a l i g h t l i q u i d ph as e, s e t t l i n g ti me s and s e t t l i n g v e l o c i t i e s re

dis reg ard ed . Hence: h l=O, and h r=O.

b ) The l i q u i d h e i g h t is e s t a b l i s h e d b y

T he r e q u i r ed s u r g e v o lu m e.

A minimum h e i g h t o f 2 4 i n c h e s , e x c e ~ t o r k no ck -o ut d ru ms w he re t h i s l i s t a n c r . 2 ~ 5er ed u ced t o a m inim um o f 1 f t

C2NFl2ES'TiFL 93C;ME:;T - liar ts be R ~ 7 r o d u c e d



PROCESS STEAM DRUMS I

r LUMMUS

P r o c e ss s t e a m d ru ms a r e b a s i c a l l y v a p o r - l i q u i d s e p a r a t o r s . Th ey a r e a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f a nyu n f i r e d s te a m g e n e ra t i ng f a c i l i t y w hic h u t i l i z e s w a s t e h e a t o r o t h e r h e a t s o u rc e s i n a p r o ce s sp i rrht7- The ma)^ nttfonsMof-process-steam drums%re=

To sepzrate t h e s t ea r n f r o m the c i r c u l a t i n g b n i l z r w a te r . To a c h i ~ v e n e f f e c t i v es e p a r a t i o n , s p e c i a l d e v i c e s a r e u s u a l l y p r o vi d ed i n t h e d rum. s uc h a s a c y c l o n e s ep a r p to r ,a w i r e me sh , o r e v e n a s e c o n d a r y v a p o r - l i q u i d s e p a r a t o r .

XTAND-TED A T A B O O K - P A R T 111

R U M SIZING

* To p r o v i d e a s u r g e vo lu m e t o da mpen t h e s u r g e s c a u s e d by v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e h e a t i n p u t t ot h e s y s t e m .

P A G E 27 O F 63

J an u a r y , 1 9 7 2

H o r iz o n t al a nd v e r t i c a l s t ea m drum s o p e r a t i n g i n a n a t u r a l o r t he mi os yp ho n c i r c u l a t i ~ n yst2 r;la s s o c i a t e d w it h a n u n f ir e d b o i l e r a r e d i sc u s s ed i n t h i s s e c t i o f i .

IO o e r a t i n ~ r e s s u r e i n S te am Drums

The u s e s o f s t ea m i n a p r o c e ss p l a n t a r e s o b ro ad t h a t t i s n o t s u rp r i s i n g t o f in d s t e mg e n e r a t i o n a t p r e s s u r e l e v e l s r a n g i n g fr om a f ew p s i g u p t o 2 ,0 00 p s i g . The o p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r el e v e l a f f e c t s m a r ke d ly t h e s t ea m dru m d e s i g n , m a i n l y du e to m e c ha n ic a l a nd s t r e s s c o n d i d e r a t i o n s .

I H ip h P r e s s u r e S t eam D ru n s P > 4 5 0 p r i g )

T he d e s i g n o f h i g h p r e s s u r e s t e a m d ru ms P > 4 50 p s i g ) s h o u ld be l e f t to e x pe ri en ce d s t e md r m d e s i g ne r s ; e - g . , C o m b us t io n E n g i n ee r i n g , B abcock an d Wi l co x , B o r s i g b b H , e t c . The r espon-s i b i l i t y O F t h e p ro c e ss e n g i ne e r i n t h o s e c a s e s i s l i m i t e d t o s p e c i f y i n g t h e f o l lo w i n g p r oc e s s i n -F o r n a t i o n :

H e at i n p u t t o t h e w as t e t e a t r e c o v e ry e x ch a ng e r an d t h e r e q u i r e d s t ea m g e n e r a t io np r e s s u r e .

* Drun w a t e r h o l d i n g t t m e a t n or ma l c p er a t ;n g : l e v e l .

* Drcm s u r s e c e p ? c i t y , i . e . , t h e w a t e r volu-e a bo ve t h e n o r a l o c e r a t i n o l e v e l . The

f o l l o w i n g t a b i e i s r e c c m e nd e d f o r s e l e c t i n g t h e s u r g e v ol uc e:

STEAM CAPACITY, SURGE. SCRSE V C t V . f t 31b / h r 1 b Hz0 65 c s i c 8GO p s i c

p t o 3 0 , 0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 4 05 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,500 50 627 5 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 5 0 55 68

1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o v e r 3 , 0 0 0 6 74

Note: T h e a b o v e t a b l e is g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o b u nd l e- ty p e e x ch a n ge r s.However, i n t h e c a s e o f h e z t e r s w i t h a l a r g e v o ? m / s u r f a c e r a t i o

( e- g. , c o i l h e a t e r s ) t h e f i n a l rm d i r n e n s i ' o n s s h o u l d s a t i s f yVdm 1 . 2 t o 1. 4 ( V o l u m o f E x c h an g e r+ R e t u r n P i p i n g ]

Type o f c i r c u l a t i o n a n d c i r c u l a t i o n r a t i o , w hic h is t h e r a t i o o f t o t z t w a t e r f e d t ob o i e r / s t e x n g e n e r a t e d .

S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s t e a m d r y ne s s . T h i s is a l s o r e l a t e d t o t h e d e si g n o f the b lokdowns y s t e m r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n a f i x e d d i s s o l v e d s o l i d s l m t i n t h e c i r c u i t .

The ab ov e i n f o m a t i o n s h o u ld be e s t a b l i s h e d w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p e rs o nn e l i nP r o j e c t E n g i n e e r i n g , w h o w l l a l s o c o n t r i b u t e t o me c ha ni ca l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a nd g u a ra n t e es to b e met

y t h e v e n d o r s .

Low Pr es s u r e S t eam D r u m s ( P < 450 o s i a )

Lcw p r e s s u r e s t e a m d rum s ca n b e h o r i z o n t a l o r v e r t i c a l , w i t h o ne o r more down p i ~ e s o i ng t ot h e w a st e h e a t b o i l e r , a nd u s u a l l y h a v i n o s e v e r a l r e t u r n s t o b r i n g b ac k t h e t r o - p ha s e m i x t u r e i n t ot h e d rum . To i n s u r e s a t i s f a c t o r y s o e r 2 t i o n . t h e St ea m drum m u st h e p r o v id e d w i t h i n t e r n 6 1 5 t h a t

w i l l s e p a r a t e t h e m i x t u r e o f s t e a m a nd w a t e r r e t u r n i n s t o t h e d rum f rc m t r ~ e a s t e h e a t e xc h an ge r.



LOW P q i S S U R S7EP M RUM

WASTE H gT EOILER



The i n t e r n a l s may b e a r r a n g ed f n t h e m an ne r shown i n t h e f i g u r e o n t h e ~ r e v i o u s ag e t o p r om ot eo ptim um v a p o r - l i q u i d s e p a r a t i o n .

r UMMUS

D e si qn P r i n c f p l e s f o r H o r i z o n t a l S t ea m Drums

1 . v a p o r i z a t i o n r a t e f o r t h e u n f i r e d b o i l e r o r ex ch a ng e r i s u s u a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f ro m p r o c es sc o n s i d e r a t i o n s . I n g e n e r a l , 2 0- 30 % v a p o r i z a t i o n by w e i g h t o f t h e w a t e r f e d t o t h e b o i l e r m aybe as sumed.

>

S T A N D A R 3 D A T A B O O K P A R T I 1 1

DRUM SIZING

2. T he w a t e r h o ld - u p t i m e i n t h e d ru m is a b o u t 1 0 -1 5 m i n u t es b a s e d o n f e e d w a t e r r a t e . I n c a s e sx r e t h e de?i*:cry cf b o i l e r f e n d w a t e r i s r e ? a t i v c v . z s su ? e d , a h o l d - u p a. T a w a s m i ~ u t e smay be used. T h e f e e d w a t e r r a t e is e q u a l t o ( s t e z m r a t e + -b lo wd ow n) .

P A G E 23 O F 6

J a n u a r y , 1 9 7 2

3 T h e h o l d - u p v ol um e c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e w a t e r h o l d -u p t i m e o c c u p i e s 4 0 % o f t h e t o t a l d ru mvolume. T h i s h ol d -u p v olu me f s d e f i n e d a s t h e v olu me b et we en t h e no rm al ~ p e r a t i n g e v e l a n dt h e p o i n t o f b r e a k in g t h e l i q u i d s e a l s , i . e . , t h e minimum l i q u i d l e v e l . The b re a k o f s e a l s i s

assum ed t o o c c u r a t a d i s t a n c e o f 0.1 D f r om t h e b o t to m o f t h e d ru m.

4. An VD r a t i o of 3-5 i s r e c o m e n d e d . II

s u r g e c a p a c i t y is added t o t h e h ol d- up v olu me t o d e t ~ r m i n e h e maxTm rn l i q u i d l e v e l . Thef o l l o w i n g t a b l e p r o vi d es t h e r e c o m e n d e d s u r g e c a p a c i t 'e s I

STEA hi CAPACITY SURGE, SURGE VOLUME

b / h r l b H20 f t 3

Up t o 3 0 , 0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 5

5 0 , 0 0 0 2,500 4775,00 0 2 ,750 52

100,000 o v e r 3 , 0 0 0 - 7

N o t e: T he a b o ve t a b l e i s a e n e r a t l y a p p l i c a b l e t o b u n d le - ty p e e x c ha n g er s.Ho.niever, i n t h e c a s e o f h e a t e r s w i t h a l a r c e v o 'l u n e /s u r f ac e r a t i o( e - g . , c o i l h e a t e r s ) t h e f i n a l d rum d i m en s io n s s h o u l d sa t i s fy

Ydrum / 1 . 2 t o 1.4 (Volume o f Exchanger + R et u r n P i p i n s )

6. Tie v ap o r v e l o c i t y i n t h e s p zc e l e f t rbave t h e r a x i n m l i q u i d l e v e l shcu ld s z t i r 7 y i h a t e j t h e r II ( a ) H o r i z o n t a l v a p o r v e l c c i t y , b a se d on 1 / 2 o f t h e v a p or f l o w, v ~ < 0 . 3 5 / T ~ ~ - p , , ) i ~ ~nf t / s e c , f o r d r u m w i t h im pi n cje ne nt b a f f l e s .

OR

I[b V e r t i c a l v ap o r v e l o c i t y l e a v i n o t h e w at e r s u r f a c e a t tkn n o r m ~ io p e r a ti n , " l e v e l d o e s

n o t e x c e e d v y < 1 f t / s e c , f o r low p re s s ur e d r m s P < 1 0 0 p s:'q ) w i t h o u t b a f f l e s . I7. I n G r n a l s a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n the p r e c ed i n g f i g u r e . I n cases where the s tem d r y n e s s i s n o t

e s s e n t i a l , a s i n a r e b o i l e r h e a t ex c ha n g er , t h e im p i ng e n en t b a f f l e may b e e li m i n a t e d i fP < 1 0 0 p s i g . F or hi gh s t e m q u a l i t y i t is r e c o m n d e d t d es ig n t h e d r ~ m i t h a w i re mesh

D es ia n P r i n c i o l e s f o r V e r t i c al S t e m Drums

V e r t i c a l s t e a m d m a n b e d es ig n e d a cc o rd i ng t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s o u t l i n e d p r e v i o u s ly f o r h o ri -

z o n t s l s t e a mdrurm

w i t h t h e e x c e p t io n o f the i m p i n g en e n t b a f f l e p l a t e wh ic h i s n o t u s e d . h w e v e r ,t h e u p wa rd v a p o r v e l o c i t y t h r o u c h t h e d r um s h o u l d n o t e x c e ed

v = 0.20 ~ p l - p v ) / p y , f t J s e c ( f o r dru ms w i t h o u t a w i r e m esh )and

v = 0 .3 5 4 p l - p v ) / p v , f t / s e c ( i f a w i r e m esh is u s e d )

R e f e r t o t h e f o l l o w i n g f i g u r e f o r a d d i t i o n a l d e t a i l s a nd minimum d im en sf o n s.

I t i s i m p o r ta n t t o m en ti on t h a t i n c e r t a i n s o ec i a' l a p p l i c a t i o n s , s uc h a s i n t h e v e r t i c a l d i l u-t i o n s te m d ru ms f o r e t h y l e n e p l a n t s , a s m a l l am ou nt of c a u s t i c is added t o t h e w at rl r i n t h e d rumto p r e v e n t c o r r o s i o n . H o w e v e r , s i n c e i t is t h en c r i t i c a l n o t t p a ss a n y c a u s t i c - c o n t a i n i n g mist u r e o u t w i t h s t ea m . s p e c i a l d e - e n t ra i n m e n t d e v i c e s , s u ch s c y c l on e s e p a r a t o r s a nd c o r r u q a t e db a f f l e p l a t e s , a r e i n s t a l l e d a t t h e t o p o f t h e drum. I n a d d i t i o n , a s e c o n d z r j l v a ~ o r - 1 q u i d s e p a r a -t o r may b e n e c es s a ry , e i t h e r i n s t a l l e d i n t h e sam e s h e l l on t o ? of t h e p r im a ry s e p a r a t a r o r b u i l ta s a s e p a r a t e d ru m f u r t h e r down t h e l i n e . T h i s l a s t a l t e r n a t f v e r ec o. me nd ea when s ev er 21 s t e ml i n e s f r o m o t h e r s t e a m d ru ms may b e t i e d i n t o a s i n g l e se c o n d a ry s e p a r z t o r .

CONFIDENTIAL 00C3XE3T N o t t o be Reproduced



Ver t i ca l S t eam D r um

IPAGE 24 o 63 DATE: Jan. 1972

DRUM S I Z I N G

t

Steam

i:

6 i n . wire mesh o ro t h e r a p p r o p r i a t ed e - en t r a i nm ent d ew ce

I

B u t n o t l e s s t h a n f t

3

Max L i q Level

Ca n t i nuousBlowdown in

f

f

Ii Jol ume between normal

and m i n i m u m l e v e l is

acproxirnately 4 2

the drum volume,

i n . Ninimum o r s e t by s t a n d a r dp r a c t i c e f o r l e v e l c o n tr o li n s t a l l a t i o n

I n t e r m i t t e n tl owdown Li ne



S T A N D A R D D A T A 8 0 0 K P A R T 111 ) P A G E 25 0 ~ 6 3

DRUM SIZIIIG D e c c L r r , 1471t

Examole. A b a f f i e d h o r i z o n t a l s t ea m dru m, s r e q u i r e d f o r a wa s te he a t s t ea m ge ne r a t : nc c i r c u i t

I- wi th a c a pa c i ty o f 110 , 000 _lb hr o f s a t u r a t e d s te am a t 70 p s ia . -~t p =7 0 p s j a , p l = 58 8 1 b / f t 3 a nd pv = 0 . 1 6 1 1 l b / f t 3 I1 . S te am r a t e . W = 1 1 0 , 0 0 0 l b / h r , I

I WfiZ0 = W (Blowdown Rite)

I Equ iva l e n t wa te r vo lum e ,

I C hoose 10 m inu te s o f ho ld - un ba se d on f e e d w l t e r r a t e . T he n, t h e d r ~ r g a;ci-up i s

VHzo = 10 ( 3 2 . 6 ) = 326 f t

2. A s s u m i n g t h i s i s 40 o t he t o t a l d r um vo lum e ,

v d r u m = 3 2 6 / 0 . 4 0 = 8 1 5 f t

And th e cor respon ding drum dimension s a r e . f o r a n L/D = 4

D = 6 38 f t ; ro un d o t o D = 6 5 f tL = 4 D) = 4 6.5) = 26 f t

D r u m c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l a r e a , A = 3 3 . 2 fti

3 Volume of H20 a tove the m inimum l i qu id l e v e l i s Vw = Y H ~ c Surge V O ~ L I ~ E . .:

For s t 3 3 r 2 r ~ f 1 1 0 , 0 0 0 l b / h r t h e surse vclume i s 57 ft'. m e n ,

H ~ n c l , h e r e i s a c e r t a i n vc lu n e of t h e drza r e q u i r e 2 t o h o ld t h e s e 383 f t , C C - r e z ;c nd i szan e f f e c t i v e a r e a , A 1

f+ i gn

Hol aNecessary383 fi3

Maxi nunWzt=.r i e ie?

Mi i z mWater Level

I . The d e 3 d a r e a a t t h e b ot to m o f t h e drum below th e minimum le v e l i s , f r c n Ta b le 20.052 ( 3 3 . 2 ) = 1.73 ft

T o t a l c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l a r e a o f 1 a u i d a t t h e maximux; 1 a u i d l e v e l :- -- -.

A l j q u i d = 12.7 1.73 = 1 6 . 4 f t

. A rea l e f t f o r t h e v a po r f lo w : AV = 33.2 - 16.4 = 1 6.8 f t 2

From t h i s s u b t r a c t t h e v a po r a r e a be hi nd t h e b a f f l e , . e. , AB

Ibased on an a r ea r a t i o b f ~ A B / A = 0 1096 f o i - a B a f f T e p l a c e d at (;/6)D f n n t h e w l l

(See T ab l e 2 ) ..- --

CONF DENTIC\L WC JXEI:T - Not to be Reproduced



I Check t h e h o r iz o n t a l v a p or v e l o c i t y o n l y , s i n c e a b a f f l e i s use d .

I

~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lQvapor/Vapor Space = 94 8 I 5 . 0 = b 3 t t / s e c

v H ) a l l o w a b 7 e= 0.35*1 58.9 0 . 1611) /0 - 1611 = 6 . 6 3 f t / S e c

T h e v a p o r v e l o c i t y s OK

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T 111 ] P A G E 26 O F 6 3

DRUM SIZING December 1975

4 . B a f f l e d e s i g n

Vapor space = 1 6 . 8 1 . 8 2 g 1 5.0 f t 2

k+----- 1 ?

. The d i s t a n c e d should be

d = 1/4 f D = 114 6 . 5 x 1 2 ) = 20 inc he s

F or t he I e n ~ t n ,

1 = 26 [ 2 ) 2 0 / ? 2 ) ] = 22 f t - 6 i n

. S e ve r a l no t c he s t o u t a t t he bo t tom edge t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e l i q u i d ? a s s a g e .

F o r a r a t i o c /D ) = 1/6,frorn Tab le b/D) = 0 7455 Then, b = 4 f t - 1 0 i n .

And f o r t h e d i s t z n c e a ,



U X I L I R Y EQUIPMENT ND RUY INTERNAL5

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T I i i

W i r e - M e s h E n t r a i n m e n t S e ~ a r a t o r s

n i m p i nge m e n t s e pa r a t o r i s a m e c h a n i c a l d e v i c e u s e d t oa c h ie v e t h e e f f e c t i v e s e p a r a t i o n o f l i q u i d d r o p l e t s fro m ava po r - l i qu i d m i x t u r e by pa s s i ng t h e m ixed pha s e s t r e a mthrough i t One o f t h e m ost ve r s a t i l e i m pi nge m en t s e pa r a -t o r s f s t h e k n i t t e d w i re m esh , w h ic h h a s h i gh l i q u i d

I r e m ova l e f f i c i e nc y + 99 ) combined wi th low pr es s ur e drop .

P A G E 7 O F 62

C r i t e r i a f o r Usag e

I n v e r t i c a l d r u m s , a w i r e m e s h a l l o w s h i g h e r v a p o rv e l o c i t i e s t h a n t h o s e a l l o w ed w i t h o u t t h e w i r e m esh .T h e r e f o r e , w h e n ev e r t h e v a p o r fl o w c o n t r o l s t h e s i z eo f a v e r t i c a l d ru m , i t is e c o n o m i c a l l y a d v i s a b l e t ous e a w i r e mesh t o r e duc e t he d rum s i z e . An ana logous

r e d u c t i o n d oe s n o t r e s u l t f o r h o r i z o n t a l d ru m s.

UMMUS

I n a d d i t i o n , t h e u s e o f a w i r e mesh may a l so be di c -t a t e d by t h e h ig h l i q u i d r em ov al e f f i c i e n c y r e q u i r e dIn c e r t a i n p r o c e s s e s . Rem oval e f f i c i e n c i e sh i g h e r t h a n 98 c an o n l y be ob t a i ne d w i t h a w i r e m e sh .

0RUI-I SIZING January, 1972

apor

The v ap or v e l o c i t y th m u gh t h e w ir e mesh d e t e n i n e s i t s c z p ~ c i t y o r e f f i c i e n t l i q u i d r e m v a l .As d i s c us s e d on P a ge 11 t h i s v a po r v e l o c i t y i s d e p e n d ~ n t n a c o n s ti in t , K a c c o r d i n g t o

VE = K J C F ~ - P ~ ) / P ~ ,t / s e c

I n przctic. t h e v a l u e s o K i r e r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e des:gn ran pe s h s u ~ n t e f i gu r e be l ow .

CO NF IDE NT I L IXCUMENT - Hot t o be Re7roduced

..I f t h e v e l o c i t y . th ro u g h the wire mesh I s to o low. mlximum coa lesc enc e w i l l no t occur . I f t h e

v e l o c i t y i s t o o h igh c o a l e s c e d l i q u i d w i l l be r e - e n t r a i n e d f ro m t h e w i r e mesh b ack i n t o t h eva por .

v a l u e o f K = 0.35 i s r e co r n en d e d f o r d e s i a n i n a drum w i t h a w i r e merh.

I .



k 7 - a> . . ..--- -a-3e1Lu:-:u d

-- - ------. -- -- -

c

-

c0::F:DENTIAL DOCUMEliT - Ne t t o be Reproduced

S T N D R D D T B O O K - P R T 111

E US DRUM SI fI f iG

PAGE 28 OF 63

J a nua r y . 1972

C. Lim i t a t i o ns*

In gene ra l w i re -mesh pads a re no t used i f t h e r e i s a c ha nc e o s o l i d s b ei ng d e p o s i t e d , s i n c e .t h i s m i g h t l e a d t o c l o g g in g o f t h e w i r e m at . T h i s s i t u a t i o n a r i s e s when u nd ue q u a n t i t i e s o f

r u s t , s c a l e , e t c . a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e f l u i d a nd a l s o when a h y d r o c a r b o n l i q u i d i s t o b e s e p a -r a t ed a t a t e m p e r a tu r e a t w hic h c r a c k i n g may o c c u r u n d er t h e c o n d i t i o n o f l o n g r e s i d e n c e t i n e ,a s p r e v a i l s i n t he w ir e- m es h m a t. H ow e ve r , s pe c i a l t ype s o f w ir e- me sh p ad s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o rd j r t y s e r v i c e s 2s d j s r y s s e d u n de r S p e c i f i c a t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n .

D. P r e s s u r e D r oo

The t o t a l p r e s s u r e d r op th r ough a w i r e m esh i s given by

AP = 62 4 ( A P ~ AP1 / p l , i n c h e s o f h o t 1 q u i d

APV i s t h e p r e s s u r e d r o p o f t h e v a p o r p a s s i n g t h r o u g h a d r y w i r e m esh an d i s c a l c u l a t e d a sf o l l ows :

APV = 0.0236 f pv t vwhere APV = P r e s s u r e d r o p , i n c h e s of w a t e r

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f u l l y s ubm erged o r i f i c e and a h i @ h ead i s r e q u i r e d t o o v e rc m e t h e e nt ra n ce l o s s in: tn en o z z l e . D ra w o f f n o z z l e d e si g n s i n Z on es 1 a nd 3 do n o t r e q u i r e v o r t e x b r e a ke r s .

T h e vsc o f Fit re ? w i l l be i l l v s t r a t o d i n : fo r., in~ everp_?ie.

Examole: A f l o w o f 1 00 0 GPM ( ~ a x i r n u d i s e < u i r e d t h ro u g h a n o z z le l o c a t e d a t t h e b c f :xc e n te r l i n e o f a p ro ce ss ve ss el . k i t h t h e a i d o f F ig u r e 7, pase 6 s e l e c t t h ep o s s i b l e n o z z l e s i z e s a nd p i p i n g a r r a n g ea e n t s t h a t a r e a c c ep t a b le .

L o c a te t h e f l o w G?M) a nd move v e r t i c z l l y u s w zr ds t o i n t e r s e c t t h e v a r i o u s d rz w o f f n o z z l ed ia m et er s u n t i l t h e minimum a v a i l a b le l i q ~ i d ead (nozz le subze rgence ) , o r t he requ ire : :n o z z le s i z e , i s r ea ch ed . T h i s w i l l g i v e t n o ;e ra ti ng p o i n t i n o ce o f eke t P , r e ~ zones.

Z on e 1 ( S e l f - V e n t i n a P i o e )

A l l n o z z le s i z e l i n e s c u t b y t h e 1 00 0 G? : l i q u i d f l o w a b sc is sa i n t h i s zone IS i n ches and~..erge:cea r g e r ) w i l l o p e ra t e a s s e l f- v e n t i n g a t t h e co r respon d ing hescs read on the scC-

a x i s . A t h i g h e r heads t h e y w i l l o p e ra te w i t h o u t v o rt e x in g , p r o v i d in g t h e f l o w i s l i c f t e dt o 5 1 0 0 0 GPM by t h e d ow n st re a m p i p i n g c o nz r 3 1 s y s t g o r e q u ip m e n t.

Zone 2 ( T r a n s i t i o n R e g i o n 1

F o r a l l h ea ds b e tw e en 4 and 48 i n c h e s , t h e l t C O G X a b s c i s s a l i e s i n t S e T r a n s i r i o n Ke;?on.Vo r tex b reake rs wou ld be needed a t t hese he?cs f o r any in:e-s~cCec no:r?e s iz e ( 6 t s i S i n c h e s ) .However, i f t h e n o z z le i s t h e n o v e rs i z e d t it;€ d e ~ r e e h a t i t w o u ld b e i n Zo ne 1 ( e . ~ . , d uet o v e l o c i t y l i m i t a t i o n s - 14 i n c h e s o r I z ~ e r ; , t h e l v o rt ex b re ck er w o ~ l d o t e n e t e s s a r y .a l t h o u ~ h h e a v a i l a b l e h ea d w i l l e xc ee d t h a t m q u i r e d a nd t h e n o z z l e u i i l n 3 t o p e rs t e as s e l f -v e l t ' n c .

If t he a v a i l a b l e m in in u n l i q u i d h ead i s X i nc he s ( th e i n t ? r s ~ c t i o r . f th e u zz er S ~ ; ~ c ? r yl i n e a nd t h e 1 0 00 GFM c z ~ a c i z y i n e ) , the fz i l o w in g a:;rcacf ts w i l l give ncn-vcr :ex in< c e c e i -t i o n s w i t h o u t a v o r t e x b r e a k e r:

a ) N o z zl e s i z e s ch os e n a t t h e i nt e rc e z z :c n o f l G O O GFU and the a va i? aS le hezcs re : - ir edi n Zone 3 s uc h as a - i n c h ( a t 15 3 -i nc 5 h eiid ). However, i n p r z c t i c e , t t i s i s u n i i k e l ydue t o t h e h i g h f l o w v e l o c i t i e s tka t r e s u l t .

b) N o z zl e s i z e s c h os en a t t h e a v a i l a b l e l i q u i d h ead ( 2 i nc h es ) . b u t t o the r i~ t ; ft h e i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h t h e l O G O GF3 f i o w l i n e . T he se n o z z l e s n a y be i n Zo ne I c r e ve ?i n Zone 2. However, i a n o z z l e s ?z : i s c ho se n i n Zo ne 2 , i t would no: req c i t - e av o r t e x b r e a k e r, s i n c e t h e r e q u i r e d f l o w c a p a c i t y (1OGC G?X) i s b e lo w t h e c a p a c it y a tw h i c h t h e n o z z l e w o u ld v o r t e x .

I n s ev er al s i t u a t i o n s where t h e h es d o ve r a n o = z? e i s u n c o n t m l l e d an d may bec-,e ve-:, l c u , a" s e l f - v e n t i n g l i n e " s h o u l d be us ed , e ve n t h o z j n t h e f l 0 n a l a v a i l a b l e h e ? d may no: c a l l f c r i t

T y p i c a l s i t u a t i o n s a r e t ow e r s i d e s t re z m d r r u o f fs an d o u t l e t s t o r e b o i l e r s . UnCe- the se co nd i -ern a v o v € e x = w i l . ? n e v e r farm - - -I The d r a w o ff p i p e s h o u ld b e c a r r i e d f u l l noz: e s i z e f o r a t l e a s t p i p e d i a c e t e r s :el ted r a w o f f . It c a n t h e n b e r ed u ce d i n s i z e . a s d i c t a t t d by n0or ;na l p ipe s i z i ng c r i : e r i a .

ItO iFIDENTikL DOt2UE::T - N o t t o be R e ~ r c d u c e d



S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T I P A G E 34 O :

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8. V o r t e x E l i m i n a t i o n IThe f o i m a t i o n o f a w r t e x c an b e a v o id e d b y on e o f t h e f o l l w i n g m e th o ds . l h e s e1 ec :io n o fa me thod depends on ec onomi c c o ns i d e r a t i on s and p r oc es s r equ i r eme n ts . I( a ) D es i gn i n Z o n e 1 ( S e l f - v e n t i n g P i p e o r i n Zon e 3 ( L i q u i d F i l l e d P ip e ) a n d p r u v id e

t h e required h e a d . o r l a r g e r .L o u L i q u i d L ev ea

( b ) I n s t a l l a b a f f le a t t h e f t h e n o z zl e t o i n cr e as et h e s u 3m erg en ce as s h w n i n t h e a c c o n a n y i n g s k e t c h s oi t c on fo rm s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e d s ub me rg en ce f o r o p e r a t i o n

I5

i n Zone 3 ( L i q u i d F l l l e d P i pe ) o f F i g u r e 7. T h is i s u s e f u lf o r s i de - co n n e ct e d d r a r o f f s .

( c ) I f d ue t o p r o ce s s c o n s i d e r a t i o n s t h e d ra w o f f n o z z l e m u st b e s i z e d t o a c c o u n t f o r o p er a-t i o n i n Zone 2. t h e n an e f f e c t i v e v o r t e x b r e a k e r m u s t b e s u p p l i e d a l o n g w i t h t h e n i n im u ch e ad r e q u i r e d a c c o r d i n g t o Z on e 2 i n F ig u re 7.

C. D e s i m o f V o r te x B r e a k e rs ITwo t y pe s o f v o r t e x b r e a k e r d e s ig n s h a v e be e n fo u n d t o b e e f f e c t i v e . T hey a r e t h e f l a t p l a tea nd th e g r i d t y p e ( s u b a y g r a t i n g ) . n m o s t c as es t h e f l a t p l a t e d e s i g n i s s u i t a b l e a nd r m ree c o n o n i c a i . Ciowever, t h e g r i d t yp e i s by f a r t' le m s t e f f e c r i v e vor:ex b r e a k e r a nd i s r e -c on me nd ed i n s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e i t may be d i f f i c u l t t o f i t a f l a t p l a t e de sig m s u m a s w i t hl a r g e d i a m t s r n oz z le s o r when m u l t i p l e d ra w o f f s c r e emoloyed.

F la : P l a t e V o r t e x B r e a k e r

h o r iz o n ta l c i r c u l a r f l a t p l a t e i s i n s t a l l e d o ve r t hen o z z l e as s ho wn i n t h e a c c o . ~ a n y i n gs k e tc h . T h e p l a t edia,ne*&r sh ou ld be 4 t o 5 t i r e s t h e n o z z le d i am e t e r f o ra s i n g l e d ra w o f f . F o r m u l t i p l e n o z z l e s . t h e p1a:es h o u l d e x t en d be yo nd t h e s m a l l e s t c i r c l e t h a t c o m p l e t e l ye n cl os e s a l l o f t h e dra w o f f s . b y t w i ce t h e d i a m t e r oft h e l a r g e s t n o z z le .

1 5-2 3: o f t h e v e s s e l d i m e t e r , a f l a t p l a t e v c r t e xb r e a k e r d e s ig n may n o t b e p r a c t i c a l a nd the g r : d t y p eo f v or Le x b r ea k e r i s t h e n r e c c m n d o d .

Uhen t he C i m e t e r o f t h e draw o f f n o z zl e i s l a r a e r t h a n

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us e G r i d T y pe

Area d3e ~il a z e= ... ?jFlow &re 3 :? is

G ri d : ';rtex Ere ake r S:buav Grat;nc;

The cr:d t v? e o f v or te x b re a ke r i s made up of t 5 r ee h sr i zc c t a l l e e ~f j r i d , m :c ?l yS i s a r e , o f t + e t y p e n . m n l y k no wn as su bw ay g r a L i n 9 a r w a ik in g p i a t f o n . t i s m

e x p e n s i v e a fat p l a t e v o r t e x b r e a k e r . Ea c5 l s y e r c r m s i s ts o f g r a t i n g ra e wi:5 onei n ~ i e r t i c a l f l a : ba rs a t on e i n c h c e n t e r s . T he ba r s a r e c onnec ted b y c r c s s - i n m e r s a n de ach l a v e r i s a t r i g n t a n ? le s t o t h e o ne n e x t to it As w i t h t h e f i a t p l a te tyw t hes eg r i d s s n c v l d e xt en d o v e r th e n o z z le b u t t h e s i d e o f t e squire needs e a x n t m of 3n ~ z z l e i k x z e r s i n s i z e a n d i t s h o u l d b e c s s t e r e d o ve r t'.e n o z z l e f o r c s i n c i e dra w s f f .F o r m i x i p i e d ra w o f f s , t h e s i d e o f t h e s c ua re srid s h o u l d e x i e n c y o n e C i a s e r e r ( o f t h e

l a q e s : n o x i e ) p a s t t h e c i r c l e t h a t c c x ? le r e ly w c i o s e s a l l o f t h e d r a r o f i s . T he s t e r cn e sC e i w s no w A re cs .m en de d d ir e n s io n s f o r r o e c i f y i n ~ b i s t y p e of v c r t s bm tor. Fo ag r i d t y p e v o r t e x b r e a k e r t ' le n r i n i m l i q u i d l e v e i s n o ui d be no l o -e r thm 3 ,e +coo l a y e r o f

g r j ds

HeaAs

The c o m n t yp e s o f h ea ds u se d i n p r o ce s s d r m s a r elS t a n d a r d C i sh e d he a d s. d f s h r a d i u s = drum diare:er .D i s hed heads . k n uc k l e r ad i us = 0.06 drun d i a m e t f i * .

2:1 e l l i p a c a l h ea ds .H eni s ~ h e r ia l heaas .

t y p i c a l

C a o a ci ty d a t a f o r 3 xe r b o v e m e n ti o n ed h ea ds a r e c r c s e n te d i n F i g u r e s 2. 3 . 4 . and 5.

L~ N F I D E I : T I L L N C U R X T - so: t o be Reorozuced

. _ _ _ _ . .-



S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K P A R T PAGE 5 OF 5r+ LUMMUS DRUM SIZIriG Januzry, 1072

The following recomnendations can be used fo r making a preliminary s el ec ti on of t he hezd type:

Standard dished heads are only used i n drums a t 1 atmosphere ab sol ute.

Hemispherical heads ar e used in drums with a dizmeter l arg er than 15 fe et resa rdle ss ofthe design pressure.

Dished heads with knuckle radius = 0.06 drum diameter a re used when

D < 15 f t and P < 100 psig

where = D r um diameterP = Design Pressure

2:l e l l i p t i c a l heads ar e used when < 15 f t , and P > 100 psig.

The fi na l s el ec ti on of the heads i s made by Pro ject Engineering.

I The process engin eer must have avai labl e the various desian paraxe ters which enter into theapplication of the drum design methods. General r e c o m n d a t i b for these pzraneters 2r2 given i n

this sect ion.

Lfaufd Surge Times

Surge time i s the minimum ti ne required f o r providing rezsonable operetfn: fl e xi bi l it y . Thistime should be suffi cie nt fo r t f ~ peratTn5 personnel to sense and correct a process ursei around

a piece of processing equipment such as a p ump fa il ur e. The lag t i r e between sensing 2nd ccrrec-t i n t rouble i s de~enaentuDon th e experience o the personnel o te ra t i r , ~bz g n i t z n ~ke dezree f

s c p h i s t i c ~ t i c n f the instrcnentzrion.

Recamendations f or typical liqu id suroe t i ne s a r e given in the tzble beic.4. These rec:xenca

tions are based on experienced operating personnel and a we;l instruzent~dunit . Z e :25f;~ 2r

should increase these rec~~mendedurge t i res by muitipiying t h e fo i lcwing f~ct3rs :

Personnel. Factor

Experienced 1.0Fully t r a i n e d 1 2Inexperienced 1.5

Servi ces Tc min

Surge drum feeds a given process unit, but receives thel iquid f r o m another unit which is t i ed in to a segaratecontrol houseI Same as above but surge drum receives the liquid m m

a process uni-tt t ie i**-,m-rtt & heuse -

Surge drum t o feed a process unit, but receives thel iquid f r o m off-site tankage

Liquid fmm surge drum is to feed a tower t i e d in to asep arat e control house 12

Liquid from surge drum 1s t o feed a tower tied into. the same-wntrol house a . 8

Liquid fro surge drum t off-si te tankage or dir ectl yt o a feed drum for another unit (gravity flor)

(continued)

CONFIDENTi L WCUXEYT No t to be Re?roducec



>

S T A N D A R D D A T A B O O K - P A R T 111 P A G E 6 O F 53

E LUMMUS DRllM S I Z I N G J a n u a r y , 1972

S e r v i c e s

Same as above bu t ' l i qui d i s pumped f rom th e s urg e drum

TS , min

I L i q ui d fro m s u r g e drum t o e i t h e r o f f - s i t e t an k ag e o r t oa no the r f e e d drum. v i a a f e e d - bo t tom he a t e xc ha nge r

IL i q u i d f ro m s u r g e d rum i s t h e s o l e c h a r g e t o a f i r e d h e a t e r 1 0 ILiqui i i f rom surge a rum feeds a f i r e d r e b o i l e r ; t h e s u r g e time

i s b as ed on t h e r e b o i l e r v a p o r e x p r e ss e d a s a l i q u i d 5 m i n u t e s )l u s t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s u r g e ti m e f o r t h e b o tt om p r o d u c t b a s e dhn t e s p e c i f i c s e r v i c e

IVa por - l i qu id s e p a r a to r be twe en a h igh - p r e s su r e a nd a l ow- p r e s su r es e p a r a t i o n u n i t

I D i s t i l l a t e d rum a c t i n g a s r e f l u x a c c u m u la t or s o n l y 5 II D i s t i l l a t e dru ms ( r e f l u x d ru m s) w hi ch a l s o s e r v e rs p r o d u c tr e c e i v e r s , the s u r g e t i m e is b a s e d o n r e f l u x ( 3 m i n u t e s ) plust h e a p p r o p r i a t e s u r g e t im e b as ed o n t h e s p e c i f i e d s e r v i c eI Compressor su c t i on knock-out drums, based on l i q u id r a t e f roml a r g e s t s i n g l e l iq u i d- p ro d u ci n g u n i t p r e c ee d in g t h e c o n p r es s o rI A d d i t i o na l o r er n e rc p c y s u r g e f o r i n t e r s t a g e k n oc k- ou t d ru ms( ba se d on m a x im um in t e r s t a ge c onde nsa t e p r oduc t ion r a t e )

/& ,pum I I D R z t io f o r P r oc e ss ~t 4I The s e l e c t i o n o f a s u i t a b l e ve lu c f o r t h e L D r e t i o o f a p r o c e ss drum i n a p a r t i c u l a r j cb i s

e f f e c t s o ' b y t h e s e f a c t o r s :

( 1 )P r o c ~ s s s n s i d e r zt < c n s a r e a p rim ary f z c t o r o v er c o s t c c ~ s i d e r a t i o n s ,m e a n in9 tha t i f

such 2 c h o ic e a r i s e s , t h e s ha pe o f a drum na y be sonewha t f i x e d by r e qu i r e m e n t s r e s u l t -i n s f r om soec-i f i e d l i c u - ~ ~ a e ~ inirum v;cor i r e s Z~I_ --~ -:D t c .Very o f t e n t h e r a r i o o f L D i s f i x e d by p i o z p l t n l i m i t a t i o n s a nd c l i e n t s a e c i f i c a t i c n s .I 2 ) D r m s w i t h d i z e t e r s l e s s then 2 f e e t na y b e e i i f fa r l t t 3 b u i l d and o p e r z t e ( m a in r snx . c ep ro b1 err.s). e s p e c i a l l y i f i n t e r n a i s s u ch a s b a f f l e s , w i r e - n ~ s h p a d s, s p e c i a l l e v e l con-t r o l l e r s , e t c . . a r e t o be used. I

( 3 ) Optimum L D r a t i o s a r e n ot a s m a n i n ~ f u l n t h e c z se o f d r'm s w i t h c o,n plex i n t e r n a l s sst he y a r e f o r si m p le r d r ~ x s .

C os t c ons i de r a t i a n s d i c t a t o a n op tim um LJD r z t i o f o r a ny f ix e d d r u n vo lu iit e. T h e c r i t e r i ao f f e r e d n e x t s h o u l d l e a d i n m os t p r s c t i c a l c a s e s t o " n e z r ni ni nu in n c c s t d e s i g ri s .

(1) The f i r s t g en e ra l c r i t e r i o n t o be met i s t h a t t h e L D r a t i o o f a l l p r o c e s s d r u m s h o u l dbe w i th in t he r a noe : 1.5

,<L D < 5 , e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f s u r g e drtrrrs c p er a t in g a t

a tmosphere absolute , when i t i s c h e ap er t o u s e s n a l l e r L D r a t i o s .I 12 F or o p e r a t in g p r e s s u r e s e q u i v a l e n t t o d e s i gn p r e s s u r e s between 5 and 603 ? ~ i h eoptimum L D r a t i o i s a r o u n d 3 t o 4. I

I=YYf-m? t m~t e s i e s i i P e s above 6D p s i t h e r e c o r n e n d e d L D r a t i o is around

4 t 5

Ik here a p p l i c a b l e , a s i n B l o om f ie ld E n g i n e e r in g , s i z e s s h o u l d be a d j u s t e d t o t h es t a n da r d ones g ive n i n t h e d r a w i n ~ s n P ag es 7 and 38

4) To ke e p e ng ine e r ing c os t l ow , i t i s a d v i s a b l e t o s e l e c t t 3 e a v a i l a b l e s t a n d ar d drums i z e s f r o m t he m a nuf a c tu r e r s . ( I n t h e 5 1 o o m i i e l d D i v i s i o n , s om e s t a n d a r d d rum s i z e sha ve bee n de ve lope d and a r e g ive n in t he f i g u r e on P age 37 f o r s u r g e d r um a t 1 atm. andiir the f i gu r e on P a ge 8 fo r proces s drums up t o a nom:nzl 50 p s i maxfmum allowab>k woric-

i n g p r e s s u r e . ) .

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TABLE

H/D From 0 3 To 0 4

I t c sD D A

H C AD D A

From 0 4 To 0 5/ I

S/



Depth 1 h/D)

V ~ l l 5.876D2 g a l l o n s / f t of s h e l l l e n g t h77 AGE: 58 o f 63 DATE J a n . 1572

RW S T 7 T Y GB= L U M M U S

FIGURE 1

1n FOR

5 50: L I Q U I D DEPTHS I N

C Y C I I I R I C A L SHELLS

DFaoecer of an.=. Pee:



F I G URE 2

PFPTIAL C P C I T Y FOR

5 56: LIQUI O E PMS IN

HEYISPHERICAL HEADS

Dlaceccr of D w ee t



VFuu

.964 D i i ~ For E c a e



F I G URE 4

PFRTIAL CAP ACI TY FOR

5-50 : L I Q U I D D E P T H S ItDISHED HEADS

Knuckle adius 0.060



PARTIAL C A P A C I T Y FOF

5 - 5 0 L IQUI D E P T H S I N

S T A N D A R D D I S H E D H E A D S

FIGURE 5

iameter of Srrc ecc



FIGUR

drum sizing manual-lummus

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