dry gas seals 101 - presentation
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO DRY GAS SEALS
Mark Slotnick/Sales Engineer
![Page 2: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to DGS
• Compressor shaft sealing
• Dry gas seal history
• Dry gas seal features and operation
• Operating principals
• Dry gas seal arrangements
• Barrier seals
![Page 3: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Compressor Compressor
Shaft Shaft
Sealing Sealing
![Page 4: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Compressor Shaft Sealing
![Page 5: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• To isolate bearing cavity from the process cavity:– to prevent process gas from entering the
atmosphere– to prevent bearing oil contamination of the
process
Compressor shaft sealing
![Page 6: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Compressor Shaft Sealing-Oil Ring
Lube Oil Seal Oil Buffer Gas
Seal & Lube Oil
Seal Oiland
Buffer Gas
JournalBearing
CarbonSeal
Seal and Lube Oil System with Buffer Gas
![Page 7: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Power loss due to oil shear
• Power loss due to seal oil pump and fans
• High seal gas decompression / venting and booster blowdowns rates- environmental considerations / loss of product
• Product contamination / pipe oil contamination
Compressor Shaft Sealing-Oil Ring
![Page 8: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• High cost of maintenance and downtime
• Fire hazards associated with wet oil systems
• High cost of oil disposal and spill cleanups - environmental protection
Compressor Shaft Sealing-Oil Ring
![Page 9: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dry Gas SealDry Gas Seal
HistoryHistory
![Page 10: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gas seal history
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications
![Page 11: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Gas seal history
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications• 1981 First beam type compressor• 1985 First steam turbine• 1985 First Mag brg / Dry seal• 1991 Bi-directional seal
![Page 12: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications• 1981 First beam type compressor• 1985 First steam turbine• 1985 First Mag brg / Dry seal• 1991 Bi-directional seal• 1992 XP seal - 123 to 200 bar
Gas seal history
![Page 13: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications• 1981 First beam type compressor• 1985 First steam turbine• 1985 First Mag brg / Dry seal• 1991 Bi-directional seal• 1992 XP seal - 123 to 200 bar• 1994 Type 82 barrier seal
Gas seal history
![Page 14: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Worlds Largest Gas Seal (330mm)
![Page 15: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications• 1981 First beam type compressor• 1985 First steam turbine• 1985 First Mag brg / Dry seal• 1991 Bi-directional seal• 1992 XP seal - 123 to 200 bar• 1994 Type 82 barrier seal introduced• 1997 Worlds Largest 330mm Gas Seal • 1997 Cranite 2000• 1997 500 bar test rig
Gas seal history
![Page 16: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• 1968 First patent• 1975 First field applications• 1981 First beam type compressor• 1985 First steam turbine• 1985 First Mag brg / Dry seal• 1991 Bi-directional seal• 1992 XP seal - 123 to 200 bar• 1994 Type 82 barrier seal introduced• 1997 Worlds Largest 330mm Gas Seal • 1997 Cranite 2000• 1997 500 bar test rig• 1998 100,000,000 operating hours exceeded• 2000 First 5000 psig balance piston seal
Gas seal history
![Page 17: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Features Features
and and
operationoperation
![Page 18: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Reduces Capital Cost of New Installations
• Cartridge design simplifies installation and protects critical seal components
• Proven and reliable technology
– Over…
• 180 Million Operation Hours
• 15,000 Cartridge Seals Installed
Dry gas seal features
![Page 19: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Extremely low process gas leakage
• Withstands rapid speed and pressure changes
• Theoretically, due to the non-contacting design feature, seal life can be considered unlimited
Dry gas seal features
![Page 20: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Allowance for axial shaft shifts is normally + 0.125"
• Allowance for radial shaft shiftsis normally +.025"
• Capable of handling starts and stops at full pressure
Dry gas seal features
![Page 21: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Eliminates Seal Oil Support System
• Reduces Maintenance Costs
• Saves Energy
• Prevents Oil Contamination
Dry gas seal features
![Page 22: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Seal Reverse Rotation– Short periods of reverse rotation can be
tolerated without damage but should be avoided• Bi-directional seal designs are available
• Seal Reverse Pressurization– Not recommended
• Seal Liquid Contamination– Can tolerate small amounts of liquid
contamination, but should be avoided
Dry gas seal features / operation
![Page 23: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Slow Roll/Turning Gear– Does not adversely affect seal performance
• Vibration– Seal will withstand vibration allowances of
API 617• Compressor Wash
– Compressor cleaning can be performed provided seals are isolated by a buffer gas
Dry gas seal features / operation
![Page 24: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Mating Ring – Tungsten/Silicon Carbide
• Primary Ring– Carbon/Cranite 2000
• Hardware– 410SS/316SS/Hasteloy/other
• Springs– Hastelloy C
Dry gas seal materials
![Page 25: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Operating Operating
principals principals
![Page 26: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
UNIDIRECTIONAL SPIRAL GROOVE
BIDIRECTIONAL SPIRAL GROOVE
Operating principals
Spiral Groove Comparison
![Page 27: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
OUTER LAND
SPIRAL GROOVE
DIAMETER
GROOVE DIAMETER
INNER DIAMETER
ROTATION RELATIVE TO PRIMARY RING
Operating principals
![Page 28: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Direction of RotationGas is induced towards the center.
Gas is Compressed &Pressure increases toset Gap.
Sealing Dam
Operating principals
![Page 29: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Direction of Rotation Gas is induced towards the center.
Gas is Compressed &Pressure increases toset Gap.Sealing Dam
Operating principals
![Page 30: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Normal Gap
Compression
Expansion
Gas FilmPressureDistribution
Spring Load+ Hydrostatic
S P
CLOSING FORCE
FC
OPENING FORCE
FO
FC = FO
Operating principals
![Page 31: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Gas FilmPressureDistribution
Spring Load+ Hydrostatic
S P
CLOSING FORCE
FC
OPENING FORCE
FOFC >FO
Increased Gap
Operating principals
![Page 32: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Gas Film PressureDistribution
Spring Load+ Hydrostatic
S P
CLOSING FORCE
FC
OPENING FORCE
FOFC < FO
Reduced Gap
Operating principals
![Page 33: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Operating Principals
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 gap (m)
Combined Stiffness (Hydrostatic & Hydrodynamic)
Hydrostatic Stiffness Only
Sti
ffn
es
s (
GN
/m)
Non-Contacting Seal Hydrostaticand Hydrodynamic Stiffness
![Page 34: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dry Gas Seal in Operation
![Page 35: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
C-STEADY Analysis
![Page 36: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Seal Seal
arrangementsarrangements
![Page 37: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PR
OC
ES
S G
AS
S
IDE
Polymer Rings Carrier
Dry gas seals: AT vs XP
28 XP SEAL
PR
OC
ES
S G
AS
SID
E
28 AT SEAL
![Page 38: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Primary Vent Filtered Process Gas
Bearings Process Gas
SERVICE: PLANT AIR AND NITROGEN SERVICE
Dry gas seal arrangements
Pressure: Up To 1800 PSIG Temperature: -4 To +400°F Speed: Up To 660 Ft/Sec. Gases: All
SINGLE SEAL
![Page 39: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DGS Arrangements - XP Single Seal
SEALINGSEALINGGASGAS
BARRIERBARRIERGASGAS
PRIMARYPRIMARYLEAKAGELEAKAGE
PR
OC
ES
S
PR
OC
ES
S
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
SERVICE: PLANT AIR AND NITROGEN SERVICE
BE
AR
ING
B
EA
RIN
G
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
![Page 40: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
N2 Purge Secondary Vent Primary Vent Filtered Process Gas
Bearings Process Gas
SERVICE: Natural Gas Pipeline Compressors and Process Gas Compressors
Pressure: Up To 1800 PSIG Temperature: -4 To +400°F Speed: Up To 660 Ft/Sec. Gases: All
Dry gas seal arrangementsTANDEM SEAL
![Page 41: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
XP Tandem Seal
SEALINGSEALINGGASGAS
SECONDARYSECONDARYLEAKAGELEAKAGE
PRIMARYPRIMARYLEAKAGELEAKAGE
BARRIERBARRIERGASGAS
PR
OC
ES
S
PR
OC
ES
S
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
BE
AR
ING
B
EA
RIN
G
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
![Page 42: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
N2 Purge Secondary Vent N2 Purge Primary Vent Filtered Process Gas
Bearings Process Gas
Pressure: Up To 1800 PSIG Temperature: -4 To +400°F Speed: Up To 660 Ft/Sec. Gases: All
SERVICE: Applications Where Zero Process Leakage Is Required
Dry gas seal arrangementsTANDEM SEAL WITH INTERMEDIATE LABYRINTH
![Page 43: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
XP Tandem Seal w/ Int. Labyrinth
SEALINGSEALINGGASGAS
SEPARATIONSEPARATIONGAS (N2)GAS (N2)
BARRIERBARRIERGAS (N2)GAS (N2)
SECONDARYSECONDARYLEAKAGE (N2)LEAKAGE (N2)
PRIMARYPRIMARYLEAKAGELEAKAGE
PR
OC
ES
S
PR
OC
ES
S
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
BE
AR
ING
B
EA
RIN
G
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
![Page 44: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
DGS Arrangements - Double Seal
BUFFER GASBUFFER GAS(PROCESS)(PROCESS)
SEALING GAS (N2)SEALING GAS (N2)SEPARATION (N2)SEPARATION (N2)
PR
OC
ES
S C
AV
ITY
PR
OC
ES
S C
AV
ITY
LEAKAGE LEAKAGE (N2)(N2)
BE
AR
ING
B
EA
RIN
G
CA
VIT
YC
AV
ITY
Pressure: Up To 400 PSIG Temperature: -4 To +400°F Speed: Up To 660 Ft/Sec. Gases: HCL, Styrene,CO,…Etc.
SERVICE: Toxic and Corrosive Environments
![Page 45: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Resists seal hang-up due to O-Ring friction
• No explosive decompression problems associated with O-Rings
• Provides long shelf life
• Applications are not compromised by chemical compatibility of the O-Ring
Dry gas seals: AT vs. XP
![Page 46: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Pressure:– AT: Up to 1800 PSIG– XP: Up to 2900 PSIG– EXP: Up to 6500 PSIG
• Temperature:– AT: -70 to +400°F– XP, EXP: -100 to +600°F
• Speed:– Up to 660 Ft./Sec.
Dry gas seal arrangements
![Page 47: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Barrier Barrier
sealsseals
![Page 48: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Seal selection
• Associated controls
• Operation
Barrier seals
![Page 49: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Carbon ring seal
• Split labyrinth
• Other
Barrier seals - Selection
![Page 50: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
BE
AR
ING
SID
E
GA
S S
EA
L S
IDE
BUFFER GAS2ND STAGELEAKAGE
BEARINGVENT
Barrier seals - Carbon ring
![Page 51: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
BUFFER GASBEARING
VENT2ND STAGELEAKAGE
Barrier seals - Split labyrinth
![Page 52: Dry Gas Seals 101 - Presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b8366b4af9fc33f8b4644/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Barrier Seal
– N2 consumption < 1 scfm per side
– Seal life up to 5 years
– Floating seal prevents installation damage
• Split Labyrinth
– N2 consumption > 5 scfm per side
– Seal life indefinite (theoretically)
– Teeth can be damaged during installation
Barrier seals - comparison