ds-dcfr mahaseer aquaculture
TRANSCRIPT
CAPTIVE BREEDING AND GROWOUT OF GOLDEN MAHSEER
Dr. Debajit Sarma
Senior Scientist
Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research
Bhimtal, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand
The important coldwater aquatic resources
Water bodies Area
Steams/ Rivers 10,000 km Natural lakes 20,500 ha Reservoirs 50,000 ha Brackish water lakes 2,500 ha
Mahseer the King of Mahseer the King of Game fishesGame fishes
Tor tor
Tor putitora
Important Species of Mahseer
Tor khudree
Tor mussullah
Tor douronensis Neolissochilus hexagonolepis
Breeds three timesBreeds three times
1.1. January and FebruaryJanuary and February
2.2. May and JuneMay and June
3.3. July to OctoberJuly to October
Distribution
All along the Himalayas,Assam, J&K, Sikkim
Afghanistan,Bangladesh, China, Myanmar,
Nepal and Pakistan
Food and Feeding habit
Omnivorous ( Feeds on algae, insect larvae etc.)
Prefer carnivorous feed during juvenile and herbivorous during adult stages.
Maturity
Male 2+yr
Female 3+yr
Fecundity
3375-8944 nos. ova/kg body weight
NATURAL HABITAT
Causes of depletionCauses of depletion
The ultimate reason for the loss of biodiversity The ultimate reason for the loss of biodiversity and natural resources is and natural resources is directly related to the directly related to the growth in human populationgrowth in human population and the related and the related stresses, which could be, summarised as follows.stresses, which could be, summarised as follows.
• HABITAT DESTRUCTIONHABITAT DESTRUCTION• OVER EXPLOITATIONOVER EXPLOITATION
• WANTON DESTRUCTIONWANTON DESTRUCTION
• AQUATIC POLLUTIONAQUATIC POLLUTION
• INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FISHESINTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FISHES
Inherent constraints in natural breedingInherent constraints in natural breeding
• Extremely low fecundityExtremely low fecundity
• Eggs demersal - can sink in mud and perishEggs demersal - can sink in mud and perish
• Hatching period is too long - 80 to 90 hrsHatching period is too long - 80 to 90 hrs
• Hatchling to free swimming stage - 10 days. Hatchling to free swimming stage - 10 days.
• From egg to free swimming stage for 15 days From egg to free swimming stage for 15 days
they are highly vulnerable to all kinds of they are highly vulnerable to all kinds of
predatorspredators
Artificial propagationArtificial propagation
By collecting brood fish from natural breeding groundsBy collecting brood fish from natural breeding grounds
Induced breeding (hypophysation)Induced breeding (hypophysation)
Natural breeding in pondsNatural breeding in ponds
Mahseer BroodersMahseer Brooders
Chasing
Stripping
FertilizationFertilization
Mixing of eggs with milt Washing of excess milt
Hatchery Pre-requisite
Water flow
1 L/m Incubation & rearing 2000eggs at 20-28oC.
3-4 L/m Rearing 2000 fry (0-3 months) at 20-27oC
4-6 L/m Rearing 1500 fingerlings (4-9months old)
Flow through hatcheryOver head tank 1000 L installed at a height of 5 m above
Hatchery tanks galvanised iron sheets or fibre glass of 200x60x30cm of size
Hatching trays 50x30x10 cm with synthetic netting cloth of 1mm mesh size. 5000-6000 eggs can be stocked
Egg development
Egg development
MahseerMahseer eggs eggs
Embryonic development of mahseer
Larval development of mahseer
Egg and larval development
Colour Lemon yellow/ Brownish golden
Fertilisation 90-99%
Hatching 80-96 hrs at 22-24oC
Hatching 80-85%
MahseerMahseer
FRY FINGERLINGS
Artificial feedingArtificial feeding
Mahseer Seed Ranching
Mahseer RanchingMahseer Ranching
Air transport of eggsAir transport of eggs
To facilitate the distribution of Mahseer seed to To facilitate the distribution of Mahseer seed to distant places, Mahseer eggs were transported distant places, Mahseer eggs were transported in moist cotton by air. Fertilized eggs after water in moist cotton by air. Fertilized eggs after water hardening process were placed between the hardening process were placed between the layers of moist cotton in 2-3 layers and then layers of moist cotton in 2-3 layers and then kept in plastic boxes. As the minimum hatching kept in plastic boxes. As the minimum hatching period is 70 hours, sufficient time is available to period is 70 hours, sufficient time is available to transport the eggs to long distances. The eggs transport the eggs to long distances. The eggs can be hatched in normal manner.can be hatched in normal manner.
Transportation of mahseer seed
Conservation and rehabilitation of endangered mahseers are of national importance to stock those water bodies which are having facilities of natural breeding and nursery ground.
Stop illegal killing by dynamiting or any destructive fishing methods.
Develop suitable device for facilitating the crossing of the barriers during migration.Strict enforcement of closed season for commercial fishing.
Proper sanctuaries of mahseer must be identified and developed.
R & D in Mahseer
R & D in Mahseer
Nutritive artificial deeds for different stages of mahseer development must be developed.
Selective breeding must be adopted for developing healthy and fast growing mahseer.
Pen and cage culture must be taken up near the breeding/chasing areas of brooder in the reservoirs during natural breeding migration.
Intensive extension program must be launched with a view to create awareness among the local people for the protection of mahseer.
Efforts must be made to stock the seed in those water bodies where there is facility of breeding and nursery ground, to enable the fish to develop its own progeny.
SAVE
MAHSEER
An important component of biodiversity
THANK YOU