МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА «ГАРМОНИЯ» Г. МОЖАЙСКА

ПРОЕКТ

«THE HISTORY OF LONDON BUS»

«ИСТОРИЯ ЛОНДОНСКОГО АВТОБУСА»

Проект подготовила: Триполитова Анна,

обучающаяся 6а класса

Руководитель проекта: Павлова Е.Г.,

учитель английского языка

2016-2017 учебный год

Паспорт проекта

Название проекта Лондонский автобус

Исполнитель Триполитова Анна

Руководители проекта Павлова Е.Г.

Учебный год, в котором

разрабатывался проект

2016-2017

Цель собрать и систематизировать

информацию о Лондонском автобусе

Задачи - описать систему общественного

транспорта в Лондоне

- проанализировать литературные

источники и сайты сети Интернет;

- собрать и кратко представить

полученную информацию;

- представить проект обучающимся.

Предметы, к которым проект

имеет отношение

Английский язык, история.

Тип проекта Информационный

Сроки реализации проекта Сентябрь 2016 года – март 2017 года

Продукт проектной деятельности Презентация

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… 4

1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LONDON………..…………….…………………………

5

2. LEGENDARY LONDON BUS…………………………………………………….. 6

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….9

USEFUL RESOURCES……………………………………………………………….

10

INTRODUCTION

London is one of the most popular places and tourist destinations. It is because of its

glorious history and its unique customs and traditions. With so many fascinating museums, the

best theatre scene in the world, more green space than any other European city, numerous top

sporting venues.

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site

comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret’s Church; and the

historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime

Meridian). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly

Circus, St Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London is home to

numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events, and other cultural institutions, including

the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library,

and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in

the world.

As you see London, its landmarks, its customs are of great interest, so our work is really

actual and up-to-date. In our work we want to speak only about one episode of everyday life of

London, its transport system in general and about the history of one of the most popular icons of

the capital of England – London bus.

So, the aim of our project is to collect and systematize information about London bus.

The tasks of our work are the following:

- to describe the system of public transport in London;

- to analyze different sources of information, including Internet ones as well;

- to collect and present shortly the received information;

- to present my project to my classmates.

1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LONDON

London is a huge metropolitan area that is why public transport is vitally important for

the city dwellers as well as tourists, for whom it might be quite confusing to get about London.

Unlike Russian public transport, British transport system is reliable and quite cheap.

However, due to the increase of car ownership, London traffic has become 3 times as heavy as it

used to be and the length of the traffic jams increased dramatically. As a result, the problem of

fatal car accidents appeared.

The traffic regulations in London differ from ours: they drive on the left side of the road

instead of the right. And when you try to cross the road, you feel that you need eyes all round

your head.

Buses in London are of different colours. The red buses go in London. They are mainly

double-deckers. The green ones run from London to the country. The brown ones belong to

British railways. It is not allowed to stand in London buses.

Apart from taxies, there are 2 main methods of transport in London: the Underground

and the buses. Buses are best for sightseeing, especially double-decker buses. However, they are

rather slow, especially during the rush hour.

There are two sorts of a bus-stop: compulsory and request. A compulsory bus-stop sign

means that all the buses on the notice stop here. A request bus-stop sign means that a bus only

stops here if someone wants to get on or off. The request bus-stop sign is red. If you want to

catch a bus at a request stop, put your hand

out.

London Underground, which is also

called Tube, offers people more convenient,

speedy and direct form of travel. The

Underground was opened at the end of the

19th century, in 1884.

Now there are more than 270 stations. You can recognize the Tube stations by the red and

blue signs at the street level. There is no fixed fare, because it depends on the distance you travel.

You can buy a ticket or a ticket-stub from a booking office clerk or from a machine. There are 8

different underground lines in the London Underground system. The travelers, who are not

familiar with the Tube, should always consult the map.

So, London transport system is rapid and fast, but sometimes it can be really confusing.

LEGENDARY LONDON BUS

Legendary red London buses – doubledeckers again serve Londoners and its visitors.

The Mayor of London Ken Livingston during his speech 20 February, 2012 promised that the

new doubledeckers will be «environmentally friendly».

The first of the new doubleckers is owned by the transport company called «Arriva».

The first bus company began serving customers in 1829. The company had several horse

drawn carriages, which served customers.

The company quickly became popular and

had caused many imitations.

The bus called «omnibus» was

driving at low speed and the wooden

seats were very uncomfortable. These

buses were called «horse trams» because

they moved metal rails.

The first engine buses appeared in

1899.

When war broke out in August

1914, hundreds of buses were assembled for the needs of the army.

In 1933, there were type STL-type buses. These

buses had a separate driver's cab and the second floor with a

root. They looked like modern buses.

During the Second World War, bus windows were

covered with special nets, to avoid possible injury of

passengers. Coach’s lights were not very bright not to

become targets.

After the Second World War, the number of buses increased. It helped to create working

places for drivers and conductors. A lot of women were employed.

In 1956, the most famous London bus «Routemaster» appeared. It was with open back

platform. It was for passengers to get on and get off. It didn’t have the door.

In 1968 the production of these buses has been stopped. It caused a wave of public

protests. These buses serve two tourist route: from

Trafalgar Square to Tower Bridge and the Royal

Albert Hall on along the Strand to Aldwych.

Then the «accordion bus» appeared but it was

dangerous for pedestrians and cyclists. London buses

are usually red, but in 1980, many of them changed

their color. Purple London bus, appeared to honour

the first night of the third film

about Harry Potter.

CONCLUSION

So, we made an attempt to describe transport system in London and its specific features.

And also we collected and systemized information about one of the most recognizable icons of

the city – London bus. We paid attention to the history of double-deckers and made an accent

they can be of different colours not only the red ones.

I was glad to work on the project because I learned a lot of new information about

different means of transport in London and about its legendary bus.

USEFUL RESOURCES

1. http://bnews.kz/en/news/v_mire/

london_most_popular_destination_for_tourists_in_world-2014_01_17-973701

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buses_in_London

4. http://www.visitlondon.com/traveller-information/getting-around-london/london-

tube#kKKhV4MmEPpE8U46.97

5. https://aseasyasridingabike.wordpress.com/2011/12/26/cycle-safety-in-london-getting-

worse-not-better/

6. http://batona.net/9147-istoriya-londonskogo-avtobusa-18-foto.html