UNIT 10: Evolution Biology I DAYSHEET 100: Introduction to Evolution Name _____________________________________ Date: __________

Bellringer:

1. Get out your technology and go to www.Biomonsters.com

2. Click the “Biomonsters Cinema” link.

3. Click the “CHS Academic Biology Movies” link.

4. Watch the first video (Introduction to Evolution).

Get started on your Cornell notes right away

Objective: I can demonstrate my understanding of the evidence for evolution.

Homework: Complete Homework 100.

Activity 1: Cornell Notes

Biology Objective / Essential Question:

Main Ideas / Questions: 1. 2.

Notes: • ______________________ = when living things change over time

• _____________________________ was the father of evolutionary theory.

• Darwin proposed that evolution happens through ____________________

_________________________.

STOP-AND-JOT:

1. What is evolution?

• Natural selection is when organisms with _____________________

survive and pass down their genes, while organisms with _________

_____________ die out. The result of natural selection is organisms with

____________________ for their environment.

• An adaptation is a _____ that helps an organism ______________ or

______________ in its environment.

o ______________ is when an organism blends into its environment

o ______________ is when one organism looks like another

• Natural selection is also called __________________________________

o Organisms that are _____ can survive and reproduce better

STOP-AND-JOT:

1. What adaptation did the fish evolve over time?

2. What adaptation did the finches evolve over time?

Main Ideas / Questions: 3. 4.

Notes: • In science, a _________ is an idea supported by lots of _______________

• There are 3 main types of evidence for the theory evolution:

1) ___________________ = remains of long-dead organisms

o The principle of ____________________ allows scientists to date fossils. It states that the oldest fossils are always at the __________ and the youngest at the _____!

2) ___________________ = study of the way our bodies are put together

o Structures in two organisms that evolved from a ______________ _______________ are called ______________________________

o Structures in two organisms that are similar but do _______ come from a common ancestor are called ______________________ structures. These structures are similar because they evolved in a similar ______________________.

STOP AND JOT: What is the difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?

3) ___________________ = the study of molecules such as DNA o Organisms with ________________ DNA are more ____________

_________________. Their DNA is similar because they share a recent _____________________________________.

STOP AND JOT: Which organism is most closely related to the zebra?

1) ________________ evolution is when organisms share a common ancestor but evolve different adaptations for their environments 2) ________________ evolution is when organisms do NOT share a common ancestor but evolve similar adaptations because they live in a similar environment

Activity 2: Open-Note Quiz Directions: Use your notes and the information below to complete this open note quiz. To receive full credit, you must use test taking strategies for all SOL questions!

• What is natural selection? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SOL Break: Which of the following best characterizes natural selection?

a. Faced with an environment in which leaves grew only at the tops of most relatively short trees, giraffes responded by growing long necks.

b. Only giraffes with long necks moved into an environment in which leaves grew only at the tops of most relatively short trees.

c. During their lifetimes, short-necked giraffes grew long necks so they could reach leaves at the tops of relatively short trees.

d. Among a population of giraffes, those with long necks were able to survive better in an environment in which leaves grew only at the tops of most relatively short trees.

Which of the following best describes the main concept behind Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

a. Organisms compete for limited resources. b. Organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce. c. Organisms vary in their physical traits, and some traits are inheritable. d. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive

• What are adaptations?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SOL Break: Camels have the ability to survive for long periods of time without water. This is an example of

a. Speciation b. A behavioral adaptation c. Variation within a species d. A physiological adaptation

SOL Break: Some insect species have developed an ability to resist pesticides. Which statement best

describes this phenomenon?

a. Because their survival depended on it, the insects developed variations that made them resistant to poisons.

b. Natural selection results in an unfavorable variation for the insects. c. Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable

adaptation. d. Some of the insects became instantly immune when the poisons were introduced

into their environment.

SOL Break: Which of the following most likely adds to the genetic diversity of a population of prokaryotes?

a. Cell division b. Meiosis c. Mutation d. Binary fission

We also discussed the importance of fitness in the last set of notes. We know that the word “fitness” is used very differently in science than it at the gym.

• What does it mean to be “fit” in science? ______________________________________

• What does the statement “survival of the fittest” mean? __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

SOL Break: What would most likely happen to a population of plants it their environment experiences

long-term climate change that results in a much hotter and drier environment?

a. The plants would increase the number of seeds they make to improve their chances of reproducing.

b. Individual plants would work hard to grow longer roots and thicker leaves. c. The plants that gather and store water most efficiently would survive to pass those

traits. d. All of the plants would die off before producing offspring.

The Emergence of New Species: Speciation A species is a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring (their babies can have babies). Let’s make sure we understand this concept. Try the test below:

• Are these individuals members of the same species? ________________________________ • How do you know? __________________________________________________________

Now look at the pictures of the two individuals below. The individual on the right is a horse. The individual on the left is a zebra.

• Are these individuals members of the same species? ________________________________ Don’t forget that individuals within the same species must be able to produce offspring that are fertile!!! Although horses and zebra can mate, the resulting offspring (called a zorse) cannot have more babies. Because a cross between and horse and a zebra is not fertile, horses and zebras are NOT members of the same species. Speciation: So you’ve probably figured out that there are TONS of different species on the plant. Where did they all come from? The answer to this question can be found when exploring genetic variation within populations. Remember that variation exists within a population (Jay-Z/President Obama example). This is a good thing. This allows natural selection to “pick” the best (most helpful) traits to be passed on to the next generation. Survival of the fittest, again! Over a long time, natural selection can create members of a species that have a large number of genetic variations. These variations can become so numerous, that they prevent individuals from mating and producing fertile offspring.

• If two individuals can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring, are they members of the same species? ____________________

This means that natural selection can cause new species to arise from preexisting species. These old species descend from still older species. The evolutionary process that gives rise to new species from older species is called Speciation. Let’s look at an example. In the picture below, you’ll notice that a number of arrows point away from a central bird. This central bird is a common finch. Over a long period of time, finches developed genetic variations that led to the development of a number of new species. These new species include finches that eat leaves, fruits, insects, and grubs.

• What is speciation? _______________________________________________________

• Is the image above an example of divergent or convergent evolution? How do you know?

_______________________________________________________________________

SOL Break: What happens during the process of speciation?

a. A species becomes genetically diverse. b. Two species become one. c. A species becomes extinct. d. A new species is formed.

HW100: Protein Synthesis Review Biology I Name: _____________________ Date:______________________

2. Which of the following sections of an mRNA strand codes for the amino acid sequence met – asn – ser – lys – trp – thr – stop A. AUG-ACG-AAA-GGG-CGU-CUG-UGA

B. AUG-AAU-UCC-GAG-CAC-CAC-UGA

C. AUG-AAU-UCC-AAA-UGG-ACU-UGA

D. AUG-AAU-GUG-GUU-GAG-GAG-UGA

3. Which of the following sections of a DNA strand codes for the amino acid sequence

met – pro – leu – gly – val – val – stop

A. TAC-GGG-AAC-CCC-CAC-CAC-ACT

B. TAC-GGG-AAA-GAG-CAC-CAC-ACT

1. Using the table to the left, determine which amino acid corresponds to each of the following mRNA codons:

UUU _________

AAA _________

GCC _________

CCU _________

AUG _________

UAA _________

GCA _________

CGU _________