dScribe workshop:international edition

May 2010

License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

© Regents of the University of Michigan, 2010

Goals of the workshopBy the end of this workshop, participants should be able to:

• Understand the basics of copyright law and the Creative Commons licensing scheme

• Explain the dScribe process

• Identify, classify and clear third-party content contained within educational materials

• Search for and locate OER for a given topic

What is dScribe?dScribe, short for "digital and distributed scribes," is a participatory and collaborative model for creating open content. It brings together enrolled students, staff, faculty, and self-motivated learners to work together toward the common goal of creating content that is openly licensed and available to people throughout the world. It was first developed by students and faculty at the University of Michigan to leverage the interest and talent of students in working with faculty and staff to transform educational material into open educational resources (OER). The dScribe model encourages students, faculty, staff, and other interested individuals such as alumni and community members to get involved in not only creating open content, but also generating awareness about the benefits of creating and sharing educational content with a global learning community.

Why dScribe?•By teaching others the basics of copyright, open licensing, and privacy, we have a distributed OER production process which is:• scalable• sustainable• participatory

dScribe History U-M

Tvol, Flickr

Winter 2008:

First group of dScribes

Winter 2009: Copyright Jeopardy

Winter 2009: Clinton Global

Initiative University:

Health OER Team

Winter 2009: dScribe meeting

dScribes outside U-M

July 2009KNUST,

Ghana

August 2009UCT,

South Africa

August 2009UCT, South Africa

August 2009UCT, South Africa

Getting started:

dScribe Task List

1. Introduction: Connect & Collaborate2. Training: Learn the Basics3. Gather Your Resources4. License Your Resources5. Assess and Clear6. Edit Materials7. Review Materials8. Publish Materials

1, 2 can be done together3, 4 can be done together 5, 6 can be done together7, 8 are done by Open.Michigan (or your local OER staff)

1. Introduction: Connect & Collaborate

dScribe is fundamentally about the opportunity to collaborate with others to create open content. Perhaps you’re a group of students creating a project and want to ensure that others can take your work and adapt it. Or, maybe you’re a faculty member looking for students and staff to work with you as you strive to open your research and teaching material to a broader audience. Whether you’re a team of two or a group of eight, the first step in the dScribe process is to connect with others interested in working together.

2. Training: Learn the Basics

• What is OER?• What is intellectual property?• What is copyright?• What is Creative Commons?

See https://open.umich.edu/share/

“Open Licenses”

There are many types...

Non-Software Licenses:Creative CommonsGNU Free Documentation License

Software Licenses:GPLApacheBSD

OER *mostly* uses Creative Commons Licenses

Creative Commons

Creative Commons: licenses

Public Domain

All Rights Reserved

Some rights reserved: a spectrum.

least restrictive most restrictive

But...

OER Definition:

“Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and

under some licenses to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”

Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources

OER Creative Commons: licenses

X X

Some rights reserved: a spectrum for OER

least restrictive most restrictive

Public Domain

All Rights ReservedXXX

3. Gather ResourcesDuring this step, the dScribe gathers all of the materials from a course/module intended for OER publication. This material may be transferred through a learning management system or removable media such as a USB drive. The material should be its native, editable format (e.g. .doc, .ppt rather than .pdf) so that the dScribe may edit it as needed.

4. License ResourcesThe most important step in creating open content is letting others know how you want them to use it. The easiest way to do this is to select a Creative Commons license for the material.

5. Assess and Clear6. Edit Materials

It saves time if you do steps 5 & 6 together. It helps to have two windows open – one with the learning material and another with the method you’re using to record step 5.

5. Assess and ClearThis is the heart of the dScribe process.

We build upon the work of others and make use of content whose rights are held by individuals, corporations, and organizations around the world. Respecting the copyright of those who we borrow and build from is an essential component of strengthening the culture of sharing.

5. Assess and Clear

Learning materials are

multi-dimensional

5. Assess and ClearLearning materials include lecture slides and other multimedia presentations, posters, handouts, readings, quizzes, class notes, and a host of other associated educational material used for instruction and learning.A content object refers to individual media items like photos, illustrations, recordings, text, equations, screenshots, and other such media that appear within learning materials. Every content object has a corresponding context image, i.e. an image of a single page or slide in a learning material, may contain one or more ‘content objects’ and surrounding text.

5. Assess and Clear

A learning material may have one Creative Commons license, but the content objects within come from different authors and have different permissions.

5. Assess and ClearOnce the dScribes have gathered the material, they must analyze the content for three areas of consideration:• Copyright• Privacy• Endorsement

main policy considerations

:: copyright : copyright law grants limited exclusive rights to authors of creative works

:: privacy : the protection of patient and student privacy

:: endorsement : avoiding the appearance of endorsing a 3rd party

5. Assess and ClearDuring this step, the dScribe recommends an action for each

content object. There are four possible actions to recommend for each object:• Retain• Replace • Remove and Annotate• Seek Permission

These actions should be recorded in some manner for legal purposes as show your due diligence in your OER publication process. Examples:• Offline Spreadsheet• Google Form/Spreadsheet• OERca

True or False: In order for an object to qualify for copyright protection, it must be marked with a (C) symbol

False.

See: The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 (BCIA).

True or false: A work must be published and registered in order to be granted copyright protection.

False.

5. Assess and ClearThe dScribe may choose to retain an object for one of three

reasons…

5. Assess and ClearRetain: Public Domain

Recommend this action when it is clearly indicated or known that the content object is in the public domain. For example, a book published before 1923, such as Gray's Anatomy, is the public domain.

What action would you recommend for this object & why?

Retain: Public Domain

U.S. federal government documents are in the public domain. N.B. This is not true of federal documents in all countries.

5. Assess and ClearRetain: Permission

Recommend this action when you have been given expressed permission to use the object. This action is appropriate when the object is licensed under Creative Commons, the object was created by the instructor, or the the object was created by someone else who gave special permission for it to be used.

5. Assess and ClearRetain: Copyright Analysis

Recommend this action when you come across an object for copyright status or permission is unknown, but you have reason to believe that it is legally acceptable to use it anyway. For example, if the object is something that is ineligible for copyright, e.g. a table of facts is not protected by copyright in the U.S., or it is a short excerpt of a copyrighted work, then you would select this action. Since the category of what's eligible for copyright, particularly in regard to data and scientific images differs across countries, OER producers should refrain from doing this sort of copyright analysis unless that have a deep understanding of copyright law in their country and/or are able to consult copyright attorneys trained in their jurisdiction.

Disclaimer: These “copyrightability” and “fair practice” laws differ by country, so it’s often best to avoid replace or remove in these cases.

What action would you recommend for this object & why?

Retain: Copyright AnalysisThis is a basic graph. Data

is not copyrightable. This is a basic representation of data containing no creative expression. If you and I both had this data, we could generate the same graph easily.

Disclaimer: These “copyrightability” and “fair practice” laws differ by country, so it’s often best to avoid replace or remove in these cases.

5. Assess and ClearThe dScribe may choose to replace an object when it is

clearly indicated that the object is copyrighted or it is unknown but likely that the object is copyrighted.

5. Assess and ClearReplace: Search

Recommend this action when it is easy search for Creative Commons or public domain replacements.

See https://open.umich.edu/share/use.php

5. Assess and ClearReplace: Create

Recommend this action when the dScribe has enough skill to create another content object with a different expression but the same meaning as the original object.

5. Assess and ClearRemove & Annotate

Recommend this action when a content object is too difficult to replace or it is unnecessary. If the object is useful, then the dScribe adds an annotation which will lead the learner back to the copyrighted original, either by URL or bibliographic citation for print material.

5. Assess and ClearPermission

This option is very rarely used. The dScribe may try to seek permission (where none has already been granted) where the copyright holder is clearly identified. This is option should only be selected when the copyright owner is available (e.g. within your own institution). If you seek permission from publishers or authors elsewhere, you'll likely be waiting for months for a response. It's most often better to replace or remove an object than select this action.

5. Assess and ClearIn order to assist dScribes is recommending the appropriate

action, the U-M OER team has developed a workflow questionnaire and a casebook.

N.B. These two resources were developed for U.S. law.

6. Edit MaterialsAll OER should have a disclaimer slide and

proper citations

Author(s): Rahul Sami, PhD, 2009

License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material.

Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.

For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/education/about/terms-of-use.

This slide is inserted as the first slide/page of all published Open.Michigan materials. It contains the author, the license name, logo, and URL, a disclaimer, and the Open.Michigan brand.

Author(s): John Doe, MD; Jane Doe, PhD, 2009

License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material.

Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.

For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/education/about/terms-of-use.

Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition.

Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.

This is a the title slide that we use for Open.Michigan medical materials. The disclaimer includes additional information

Additional disclaimers which may be appropriate for medical materials (from KNUST materials)

Medical patients - Use this is you have images, audio, or video recordings of patients. When you include footage of patients, you should refrain from showing their faces.

Example text: The patients who appear in this programme freely gave their consent for the authors to use their images for educational purposes. Where real patients were filmed or photographed, we have not shown their faces or other identifiable features.

Student Actors

Example Text: Note: No real patients were filmed in the production of the programme. The "patients" who appear here are actually talented student-actors who have learned to portray common psychiatric disorders. Their identities are listed in the "Credits and Acknowledgments" link above.

Citation Keyfor more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy

Use + Share + Adapt

Make Your Own Assessment

Creative Commons – Attribution License

Creative Commons – Attribution Share Alike License

Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial License

Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike License

GNU – Free Documentation License

Creative Commons – Zero Waiver

Public Domain – Ineligible: Works that are ineligible for copyright protection in the U.S. (USC 17 § 102(b)) *laws in your jurisdiction may differ

Public Domain – Expired: Works that are no longer protected due to an expired copyright term.

Public Domain – Government: Works that are produced by the U.S. Government. (USC 17 § 105)

Public Domain – Self Dedicated: Works that a copyright holder has dedicated to the public domain.

Fair Use: Use of works that is determined to be Fair consistent with the U.S. Copyright Act. (USC 17 § 107) *laws in your jurisdiction may differ

Our determination DOES NOT mean that all uses of this 3rd-party content are Fair Uses and we DO NOT guarantee that your use of the content is Fair.

To use this content you should do your own independent analysis to determine whether or not your use will be Fair.

{ Content the copyright holder, author, or law permits you to use, share and adapt. }

{ Content Open.Michigan believes can be used, shared, and adapted because it is ineligible for copyright. }

{ Content Open.Michigan has used under a Fair Use determination. }

This slide is inserted as the second slide/page of all Open.Michigan published materials. This shows our analysis of the content objects in the material. Knowing this may assist downstream users (especially those in other jurisdictions) in how they can and can not use a particular image or resource.

6. Edit MaterialsTo cite a CC Licensed object in your edited

materials, you use the following:

1. Author2. Source3. License4. License URL

Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997

Example

“Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control

rejon http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221

Life Magazine. January 17, 1938

Some commentary about how spinach, an outline of a male, and this cover of Life Magazine from 1938 is related in the context of this course. (Same format for CC Zero tag as the PD-SELF tag)

Example

If you’re going to claim fair use/practice for an object, it’s advised that there be some context for the object on the slide, such as the text in the middle of this slide. Again, fair use/fair practice differ by country, so it’s best to avoid this action, especially if you don’t have a copyright lawyer on your OER team.

Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888

Example

Jot Powers, Wikimedia Commons

(Same format for the other CC licenses and the GFDL.)

Example

OER

Let’s do it right from the start.

CC: BY-SA Phil McElhinney (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Can use text

citation instead of CC license

image

Lady Finger

Learning about Orchids

phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Phalaenopsis

Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

A Phalaenopsis hybrid

A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

On Slide

Example with

multiple images on

a single slide

Works Citedfor more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy

Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997

Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon, http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221

Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888

Slide 6: Jot Powers, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

The convention:

Licensed Content: <Author>, <URL of the resource>. <Name of License>, <URL Of Open Content License> Example: John Doe, http://domain.com/path/to/resource.html, CC:BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Public Domain:Source: <Name> <publication/website, if available> (<date of birth> - <date of death>)

Source Undetermined

Example.

It’s best practice to cite your sources both next to object and at the end of the presentation, though either is acceptable.

7. Review Materials8. Publish Materials

Once the OER is edited, the dScribe hands it over to the OER staff who reviews it for correct recommended actions for content objects and formatting (i.e. license, disclaimers, citations). Then the team contacts the content creator for the final review of their materials. Once the creator approves of the finished product, the team publishes and distributes the resource(s).

8. Publish Materials

https://open.umich.edu/education

open.michigan@umich.edu

http://open.umich.edu/dScribe

Characters made by Ryan Junell

Contributing Authors(part of the Open.Michigan Team)

Garin FonsGreg GrossmeierPieter KleymeerKathleen Ludewig