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Fisheries Co-Management StrategyXe Bangfai Basin
Lao PDR
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Fisheries co-management, involving
communities in management arrangements,
is the only effective way to ensure lasting
benefits from fisheries.
In order to introduce co-management, the
downstream programme of NTPC has
implemented a project covering 5 districts
between 2009 and 2012 to develop pilot
sites and train district staff. To summarise
the approach used this small publication
was prepared.
My thanks go out to all who have contributed
to the success of this project, especially
the communities that have taken up the
challenge and also district staff who have
made it happen.
Thakhek, August 2012
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1 Introduction................................................................................................ 4
2 What is Fisheries Co-Management (FCM)................................................ 9
3 Implementation of Fisheries Co-Management...........................................10
4 Project process..........................................................................................13
5 Information and Education Campaign (IEC)..............................................15
6 Main achievements.................................................................................... 16
Content
©NTPC/Stanislas Fradelizi
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01 IntroductionThe Downstream Program (DSP) of NTPC
has implemented a Fisheries Co-Management
program in the downstream area of the Xe Bangfai
basin since 2009 when a first assessment of the
needs and target sites was conducted. There are
many detailed manuals available that explain how
co-management can be implemented and this
small introduction is only meant to provide the
main components that were used by DSP.
The main rationale for fisheries co-management is
the existing declining trend in the fisheries, prior to
commencement of NT2 operations. These trends
of declining fish catch in the Xe Bangfai can be
attributed to a number of factors, some of which
are but are not limited to:
a) Trapping and catching of juvenile fish by blocking
rivers or trapping fish as they migrate to spawn;
b) Misuse and mismanagement of structures like
flood and irrigation gates as fish cannot get to
their spawning grounds or return to the dry season
refuge areas if these are not operated properly;
c) Changes to or outright destruction of aquatic
fish habitats such as wetlands for conversion into
paddy fields or for other agricultural or industrial
use;
d) Increase of fishing effort and commercial
fishing; and
e) Destructive fishing practices through use of
explosive and other illegal gears depleting fish
populations and reducing benefits from fisheries.
The centralised management approach commonly
practised within the Xe Bangfai basin has not
been able to stop the decline in fish catch. In
general, centralised management initiatives
often have difficulty to account for stakeholders
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needs and the diversity of local conditions.
Moreover government agencies frequently
are not provided necessary funding to enforce
centralised management decisions, and
are unable to effectively support more local
arrangements.
Estimated total fish catch (MT) for Xe Bangfai
fisheries 2006-2009 from NTPC fisheries
survey data.
©NTPC / Vincent Gautier
©NTPC/Stanislas Fradelizi
©NTPC/Stanislas Fradelizi
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Typical floodplain lake in Lower Xe Bangfai
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Co-management has been identified as an
effective tool in resource management that
involves all important stakeholders. This method
ensures collaboration and cooperation of all users
and supports the decentralization of management
responsibilities to resource user groups.
A complete decentralization of fisheries
management, referred to as community based
management, is not a viable alternative to co-
management. Typically, local resource users lack
the knowledge of what parameters are involved
in the long-term maintenance of quantity and
quality of the resource. They also are unlikely to
understand the need for a balanced exploitation
of a shared resource. In short, they cannot
see the big picture, which is fundamental to
the successful management of a complex set
of resources such as that provided by the Xe
Bangfai, its tributaries and their associated flood
plains and seasonal wetlands.
©NTPC/Stanislas Fradelizi
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DSP kKick started the change forwards effective
co-management by funding and facilitation of
meetings and activities; capacity building of
both district staff as well as key community
leaders in selected sites. The introduction of
fisheries co-management by DSP has followed
a phase introduction of shared responsibility
for decision-marking between communities and
govermentsgovernments, concerning natural
fisheries resources management activities.
Initial planning: compiling existing information by District staff for Nam Oun at Khoksavang, Gnommalat.
Initial planning: compiling existing information by District staff for Nam Oun at Khoksavang, Gnommalath.
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Many different definitions are used, but for the
purposes of the Downstream Program, fisheries
co-management is defined as:
• partnership arrangements in which
government, the community of local resource
users and external agents and other resource
stakeholders share the responsibility and authority
for the management of a fisheries related resource;
and
• partnerships pursued, strengthened and
redefined at different times in the management
process, depending on the existing policy and legal
environment, the political support of government
for community-based initiatives, and the capacities
of community organizations to become partners.
Fisheries co-management aims at developing
shared responsibility between communities/
stakeholders and local government for managing
fisheries and aquatic habitats to ensure sustainable
fisheries
Participatory mapping with community members around Houay Saleung
02 What is Fisheries Co-Management (FCM)
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03 Implementation of Fisheries Co- Management
After a field assessment to identify potential
project sites, work got underway with a hands-
on training programme for district staff in late
2009. The main focus for much of the first year
was on developing capacity with district staff
while at the same time progress was made
in identifying issues and potential solutions
together with communities in different sites.
Successful co-management depends on a
number of factors, like:
1) Issues. Without a clear issue that
is important for a group of stakeholders
it is difficult for stakeholders to organize
themselves. A clear threat to livelihoods will
make it easier to bring people together, join
© Mediatheque EDF/Philippe Eranian
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View on Nam Oula during dry season
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Watergate structure at Houay Lo.
hands and make compromises to solve a shared
issue;
2) Champion. Even in the presence of a
clear issue communities are not easily convinced
to get involved, especially in cultures where the
authorities are expected to take care of everything.
A community or government leader that mobilizes
communities, listens to them and has good
communication skills to get authorities to listen
to what communities have to say is of enormous
importance;
3) Institutional framework. Unless there
are clear provisions in the legal framework for
setting up power sharing arrangements between
communities, district and provincial authorities,
co-management may get stuck with localized
community projects that may deliver the framework
to implement a project, but without real impact by
communities on decision making for (fisheries)
management, rules and regulations; and
4) Capable facilitators. Unless there is a
clear and immediate threat, communities may not
feel urged to take action and even if they do, they
may not know how to organise themselves and
what is allowed nor how to proceed, well trained
(district) staff with support from local authorities
can guide communities in developing effective and
appropriate co-management arrangements.
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04 Project processThe main approach for adaptive
project cycle management is
applicable here and is summarized in
the following diagram.
In practical terms the activities that
were implemented focused on:
Training of District staff, both on-
the-job to increase familiarity with
participatory approaches and
facilitating co-management as well
as office based sessions to develop
planning and (self) evaluation skills as
well as familiarity with field appraisal
techniques;
Appraisal of community structure,
livelihoods and natural aquatic
resources for each site, using Project management cycle diagram
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community mapping, GPS ground trusting and
feedback sessions for building a knowledgebase
of the existing social and environmental linkages
(using participatory rural appraisal techniques);
Identification of key informants and community
leaders who need to be involved to represent all
community stakeholder groups and who have the
capacity to push the process forward, eventually
leading to the establishment of a fisheries
management committee;
Participatory problem tree analysis to develop a
common understanding of the existing issues and
potential solutions;
Assessment of existing rules and regulations
(including existing village management
arrangements);
Development of co-management arrangements,
including rules and regulations, assign
responsibilities and develop mechanisms for
conflict resolution, to solve issues identified in close
collaborations with local authorities;
Endorsement of co-management agreements
between communities and other stakeholders by
local authorities; and
Introduce tools for monitoring and evaluation to
identify required changes in the approach/structure.
IEC presentation for community members
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In addition to the implementation of fisheries
co-management in several pilot sites, two
posters were developed, presented and
distributed in a large number of community
information meetings covering over 140
villages, as well during several fisheries law
announcement meetings for district staff and
villages leaders.
05 Information and Education Campaign (IEC)
IEC presentation for community members
ພວກເຮາຈະມປາກນຕະຫລອດໄປຖາເຮາພອມກນ ເຊາໃຊ ເຄອງມຫາປາແບບດບສນ
ຫອງການກະສກຳ ແລະ ປາໄມ ເມອງຍມມະລາດ ມະຫາໄຊ ເຊບງໄຟ ໜອງບກ ແລະ ເມອງໄຊບລຮວມກບ ໜວຍງານປະມງ ບລສດໄຟຟານຳເທນ 2 ເຂດລມເຂອນ ແລະ ເຮອນຈກ
ຫາມຖມລະເບດ ຫາມໃຊໄຟຟາຊອດ ຫາມເບອປາ ຫາມລງຕອນ,ຈບ, ໂຕງ
ຫາມໃຊອວນ, ມອງກວາດ ຫາມຕນຫວຍ
ຫາມມດຍງ
ກມລຽງສດ ແລະ ການປະມງ
ເພອຄວາມອດມສມບນຍາວນານພວກເຮາຕອງຮວມກນຄມຄອງ
ຊບພະຍາກອນສດນຳ
ຫອງການກະສກຳ ແລະ ປາໄມ ເມອງຍມມະລາດ ມະຫາໄຊ ເຊບງໄຟ ໜອງບກ ແລະ ເມອງໄຊບລຮວມກບ ໜວຍງານປະມງ ບລສດໄຟຟານຳເທນ2 ເຂດລມເຂອນ ແລະ ເຮອນຈກກມລຽງສດ ແລະ ການປະມງ
| NTPC DSP Fisheries Co-Management Strategy | 1617
District staff have been mobilised and trained, at the
same time the implementation of co-management
activities has raised awareness at district level of the
potential benefits of fisheries co-management;
Five co-management sites have been developed one
in each District, as pilot sites with co-management
arrangements agreed between communities and
officially endorsed by District offices:
1. Khogsavang floodplain lake fish sanctuary
(Gnommalat District)
2. Huay Lo Watergate management and fish protected
zones covering 5 villages (Nongbok District)
3. Huay Saleung Watergate management and fish
protected zones covering 7 villages (Xaybouli District)
4. Huay Saypay fisheries management and fish
protected areas in deep pools covering 7 villages
(Xebangfai District)
5. Nam Oula fisheries management and fish protected
areas (1 km at mouth) and selected deep pools
covering 8 villages (Mahaxay District)
06 Main achievements
Fisheries co-management pilot sites in Xe Bangfai basin
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06 Main achievements
Sign developed for protected area behind Watergate at Huay Lo.
Information meetings to
discuss the new Lao fisheries
law with emphasis on illegal
fishing gears and the benefits
of fish habitat protection have
been held for 125 villages.
PRA Traing forProvincial And district staff
Community resources mapping
Village consultation meeting
GIS marking
Participatory planning
Nam Theun 2 Power Company Unit 09, Nong Bone Village, 23 Singha Rd
Xaysettha District, P.O. Box 5862
Vientiane Lao PDR
Tel: (856-21) 263900; Fax 263901
www.namtheun2.com
Nam Theun 2
Operator’s Village ( RNT)
Ban Sangkeo, Gnommalth District,
Khammouan Province
Tel: (856-51) 620440; Fax: 620439
Huay Saleung fisheries Committees meeting