dsp for beginners

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Digital Signal Processing

Instructor: Prof. Peng Yu

Tel 15904510911

Email [email protected] Room 523, Bldg. 2A, Science Park

Automatic Test and Control Institute 53 School of electrical engineering and automation

Harbin Institute of Technology

2008


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Three Questions about Digital Signal Processing

Q1: WHAT is DSP?

Q2: WHY is DSP?

Q3: HO W to DSP?

How to understand the concept of digital signal processing? What

is the relationship between other courses, signal and system, etc.

WHY we need DSP? Its advantages and disadvantages?

General procedure of DSP. How to implement DSP algorithm.


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Classification of Signal

Analog DigitalVS

Time continuous discrete

Amplitude continuous discreteADC

So, the signal is discrete-time signal in a strict manner.

In undergraduate course, we only consider time discretization problem.

In postgraduate course, amplitude quantization problem will be learned.


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Signal Processing

Computer, Semiconduct and Information Science 1960s - 1970s

Representation , transformation and manipulation

of signals and the information they contain.

Signal operation include:(1) Transform, filter, inspection , spectrum analysis;

(2) Modulation and coding;

(3) Analog Signal Processing;

(4) Digital Signal Processing.


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IMAGE PROCESSINGPattern recognition

Robotic visionImage enhancementSatellite weather map

animation

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL

Spectrum analysisPosition and rate controlNoise reductionData compression

SPEECH & AUDIOSpeech recognition

Speech synthesisText to speechdigital audio

MILITARYSecure communication

Radar processingSonar processingMissile guidance

TELECOMMUNICATIONEcho cancellationAdaptive equalizationVideo conferencingdata communication

BiomedicalPatient monitoringScannersECG (Electrocardiograph)

X-ray storage/enhancement

Consumer applicationsdigital, cellar mobile phonesuniversal mobile telecommunication system

digital televisiondigital camerainternet music, phones and videodigital answer machines, fax and modemsvoice mail systeminteractive entertainment systems


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2 Basic concepts about system

(1) System

Device or technology of signal processing.

(2) Analog systemSystem with analog input and output.

(3) Digital system

System with digital input and output.


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Signals and Systems

Basic model:

Input: x Output: ySystem: h

DSP FPGA SOPC SoC Algorithm Codes


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x y

Given x and h, find y analysis Given h and y, find x control

Given x and y, find h design or synthesis

h

Three Problems


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3 Processing of analog signal with digital methods

(1) Digitalized process for analog signals

Sample Quantizer Coderxa(t) x(n)

(2) Digital processing method

A/D DSP D/Axa(t) y a(t)Filter

x(n) y(n)

Filter


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4 Feature of Digital System

(1) High accuracy: Floating point-8,16,32,64 bits

(2) High reliability: VLSI (analog: drift, calibration)

(3) Flexible: DSP, Software, FPGA, VHDL

(4) Easy to integrate

(5) Deal with high dimensional signals

(6) Low costs: reusable, reconfigurable

Advantages

(7) Data logging

(8) Adaptive capability


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Disadvantages

Complex: cost and speed

KXa(t) Ya(t)

Analog Signal Processing

A/D DSP D/Axa(t) y a(t)Filter

x(n) y(n)

Filter



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5 Study Case

current

SignalConditioning

voltage

freqtemp

humidity

Analog

SwitchesCPU

A/D MEMO DISP

PC

Printer

Electrical/non-electrical

measurementAutomatic test system

Analog/DigitalCircuits


Environment monitoring System


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A MP3 Player


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(3) Noise process Digital filter

(1) Selective of A/D Signal representation - Sampling

(2) Manipulation and transform feature extraction and analysis

6. Objective of Digital Signal Processing

Digital Signals

Manipulation Digital filter

Measurement Digital SignalsSpectrum analysis Frequency division

Disturbance attenuation


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7. Research objectives

1-dimentional DSP, multi-dimentional DSPand the realization of DSP system 1D DSP: 1D discrete-time signals and system multi-D DSP: 2D or 3D image processing, etc. Realization of DSP system:

Realization of theoretical algorithm and system(filter) on software and hardware: includingsystem architecture, chip selective, developmentof the software and hardware, etc.


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8. Theory of digital signal processing Sampling of analog signals

A/D conversion , sampling theory , analysis of quantizationerrors;

Discrete-time signal analysisTime-domain and frequency-domain analysis, Fourier

transform, z - transform, Hilbert transform; Discrete-time system analysis

System representation, causality and stability, time-invariantsystem, convolution, frequency response, digital filter design;

F ast algor ithm for signal processingFFT, fast convolution and correlation;

Special algor i thm for signal processingInterpolation, singular value analysis, deconvolution.


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9. Implementation of DSP system

General-purpose computer; Micro-control unit;

General-purpose DSP chip;

Specific-design DSP chip;

TI (leading manufacture, 70%)

AD, Motorala, Lucent, NEC


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11. Proposed syllabus for the course

Total period: 50; Class: 40Experiment: 10 Discrete-time signals and system Discrete Fourier transform FFT and its applications Design of IIR digital filters

Design of FIR digital filters


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How to Learn ?


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Curriculum in Signal Processing Mathematics Signals and Systems

Signal processing theory and systems Communications theory and systems Control theory and systems Applications and research


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Mathematics for Signal Processing

Algebra, calculus, differential equations Linear algebra, matrices, vector spaces,

functional analysis

Probability, statistics, random processes Computational mathematics, numerical

analysis, algorithms

Computer Science and Engineering Math now has an experimental laboratory


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Modern Engineering is Design

Science studies and describes what naturecreated, what already exists

Engineering creates and builds whatsociety wants and needs, what does notalready exist

Engineering uses mathematics in adifferent way from science


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History of Teaching and

Learning Engineering Engineering was first a trade which was

learned through apprenticeship

Next, it was a profession which waslearned through training

Now it is a discipline which is learnedthrough education. Modern liberal arts


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Training vs. Education

Old Engineering: How do I build abridge across the river?

New Engineering: How do I satisfypeople s desire to interact across the

river?


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Training vs. Education Old system: Learn enough in the university to last

your professional lifetime New system: In the university, learn the methods

to continue to learn all of your life.

Old : study, work, then retire. New : study and work and retire without boundary

Transition from old to new system occurredaround 50 years ago but education has notchanged


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Research in the New World In the old system, research was done by a

small number of specialist in laboratoriesand graduate school

In the new system, research will be doneby everybody in all levels of school andwork

Same true for Design


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Education in the New System

Shift emphasis from Training to education Teaching to learning (teacher to student) Passive to active (and interactive) Process to concept (concept inventory) Understand to discover

Need research in learning technical material


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Technology for Education Matlab, Mathematica, Maple, LabView

OCW, Connexions, Wikipedia, Google

Desktop, laptop, hand-held, mobile phoneplus Internet; social software systems


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Open Educational Resources

The Open Educational Resource (OER)movement was inspired by the Open Source movement in software.

O pen C ourse W are OCW (MIT) C on nexions Cnx (Rice) Wiki pedia (Wikibooks, etc.) C reative C ommons CC (Stanford, Duke) Curriki, PLoS, EOL, Shuttleworth's Siyavula

Project, CK-12 Project, OSI, etc.


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Interactive, Dynamic Virtual Lab


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Multimedia


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Matlab

www.mathworks.com


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Connexions NowUsage

Repository: 7300 modules, 20,000 revisions, 405 courses orbooks, 7200 author accounts, 147 countries, print-on-demandbooks

In Oct. 2008: 17M hits, 1.0M pages views, 520K unique usersfrom 157 countries

GlobalizationEurope: Germany, Norway, England, etc.

Asia: China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Vietnam, KoreaAfrica: South AfricaLACCEI: (conversation with Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,

and Uruguay started)


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Signal Processing Web Sites

DSP an Rice: http://www-dsp.rice.edu/ DSP at MIT: http://www.rle.mit.edu/ Connexions at Rice: http://cnx.org/ OCW at MIT: Georgia Tech, Univ. of Illinois,

University of Texas, Princeton, Stanford


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12 Student Commitment

Assignment Attendance in classes is mandatory !

Scores

Assignment + Experiment + Report: 10%

Examination: 100%


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Presentation Project 3~5 pointsSubject is assigned by teacher

Discuss with instructor 3 days before presentation

Criterion

Content, Clear and fluent, Team works


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HOW TOGETWHAT YOU WANT ?

WANTED !


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h t t p

: / / w w w . e m u l e . o r g . c n

Emule P2P

ICQ,AOL Instant Messenger,YahooPager, MSN Messenger,Tencet QQ-most popular P2P.


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REVIEWWhat is DSP ?

Why DSP ?How to ?

BRIEF INTRODUCTIONS


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References1 Discrete-time Signal Processing. A.V. Oppenheim, R.W.Schafer.

Pearson Education 2005,1

2 Digital Signals Processing using MATLAB. Vinay K. Ingle,John

G. Proakis . ISTE Publishing Company, 2008

3 Real-time Digital Signal Processing Implementation, Application

and Experiments with the TMS320C55X. Sen M. Kuo, Bob H. Lee.

WILEY, 2003,12

4 Introduction to Signal Processing. Sophocles J. Orfanidis.

Prentice Hall, 1998,125 Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing. Joyce Van de Vegte.

Prentice Hall, 2003,1

dsp for beginners

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