dual enrollment and postescondary outcomes areas of the report 3 ... arts and literature 20% ......

1

Georgia Dual Enrollment and

Postsecondary Outcomes

A Snapshot from 2008-2016

November 9, 2017

Background

2

• Dual enrollment provides opportunities for Georgia high

school students to take postsecondary courses and earn

concurrent credit toward both a high school diploma and a

college degree.

• While other states have examined the postsecondary outcomes

of dual enrollment students, Georgia has not done so.

• The creation of GA-AWARDS allows longitudinal research on

dual enrollment outcomes in ways not previously possible.

Dual Enrollment and Postsecondary Outcomes

November 9, 2017

Key Areas of the Report

3

• Using GA-AWARDS, this report shows dual enrollment

trends from 2008 to 2016 in the following areas:

• Participation

• Course completion

• Course-taking

• High school graduation of dual enrollees

• Postsecondary enrollment, and

• Postsecondary credentials

Data Sources: GSFC, TCSG, USG, GICA, GaDOE

GICA = Georgia Independent Colleges Association


November 9, 2017

Important Notes about the Data

4

Definitions

• To count as dual enrollee, students had to have a dual enrollment

record in GSFC or a postsecondary institution (USG, TCSG, or

GICA) and be simultaneously enrolled in a public K-12 school.

• To count as a dual enrollment course completer, dual enrollees had

to earn at least one credit. These students were tracked

longitudinally for the report (not those who attempted but did not

complete courses).


November 9, 2017

Important Notes about the Data

5

Limitations

• Only postsecondary institutions that report data to GA-AWARDS are

included.

• Seven private colleges and Georgia Military College did not

share data with GA-AWARDS at time of this report (these

students make up 3-5% of dual enrollment students each year)

• Private school and homeschool dual enrollees are excluded.

• GA-AWARDS does not yet include 2016-2017 data, so this report

does not include any trends through last academic year.


November 9, 2017

Dual Enrollment History and Participation

6Dual Enrollment and Postsecondary Outcomes

November 9, 2017

10,5839,494

8,558 8,819 8,438

10,945

13,608

17,661

23,693

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Academic Year

Number of Public School Students Participating in Dual Enrollment

HB 186 creates

streamlined DE policies

and allows K-12

schools to retain FTE

funding.

HB 149 creates

Move On When

Ready Program for

full-time DE

students.

The Great Recession

begins.

The CCRPI, the

state's accountability

system, includes dual

enrollment measure

for the first time.

SB 2 and 132 collapse

dual enrollment into one

program and create new

high school diploma

option.

181%

increase

from

2011-12

to

2015-16


November 9, 2017

35,965 34,817 31,721 32,233 30,57339,291

50,859

65,619

88,344

0

25,000

50,000

75,000

100,000

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Academic Year

Number of Dual Enrollment Courses Attempted by Public High School Students

*Only includes students attending institutions that contribute data to GA-

AWARDS (95-97% each year).

32,469 31,735 28,652 28,249 26,83334,275

43,732

55,557

76,239

0

25,000

50,000

75,000

100,000

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Academic Year

Number of Dual Enrollment Courses Completed by Public High School Students

*Only includes students attending institutions that contribute data to GA-

AWARDS (95-97% each year).

189%

increase

from

2011-12

to

2015-16

184%

increase

from

2011-12

to

2015-16


November 9, 2017

61.5%

62.0%

62.6%

64.1%

61.6%

60.6%

59.2%

57.1%

56.3%

38.5%

38.0%

37.4%

35.9%

38.4%

39.4%

40.8%

42.9%

43.7%

2015-16

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

2011-12

2010-11

2009-10

2008-09

2007-08

Dual Enrollment Trends by Gender

Percent of Courses Attempted by Females Percent of Courses Attempted by Males

Female students were more likely to participate in dual enrollment.

(Statewide high school enrollment was split evenly between males and

females)


November 9, 2017

28%

27%

25%

26%

27%

33%

34%

34%

34%

7%

6%

7%

6%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

58%

60%

61%

61%

61%

56%

56%

59%

59%

4%

4%

4%

4%

4%

4%

4%

3%

2%

3%

3%

3%

3%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2015-16

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

2011-12

2010-11

2009-10

2008-09

2007-08

Dual Enrollment Trends by Race/EthnicityBlack Hispanic White Asian Others

38%

38%

38%

38%

39%

39%

39%

40%

40%

13%

12%

11%

10%

10%

10%

9%

8%

7%

43%

43%

44%

45%

45%

45%

46%

47%

47%

4%

4%

4%

4%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

2%

2015-16

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

2011-12

2010-11

2009-10

2008-09

2007-08

Public High School Enrollment Trends by Race/EthnicityBlack Hispanic White Asian Others

White students were overrepresented in dual enrollment courses relative to all high

school students, while black and Hispanic students were underrepresented.


November 9, 2017

51.6%

47.4%

45.8%

38.1%

38.7%

41.7%

42.5%

41.4%

38.5%

48.4%

52.6%

54.2%

61.9%

61.3%

58.3%

57.5%

58.6%

61.5%

2015-16

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

2011-12

2010-11

2009-10

2008-09

2007-08

Dual Enrollment Trends by Free/Reduced Price Lunch StatusPercent of Courses Attempted by FRL Percent of Courses Attempted by Non-FRL

57.9%

57.2%

55.6%

52.6%

52.8%

50.3%

49.2%

45.9%

43.7%

42.1%

42.8%

44.4%

47.4%

47.2%

49.7%

50.8%

54.1%

56.3%

2015-16

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

2011-12

2010-11

2009-10

2008-09

2007-08

Public High School Enrollment Trends by Free/Reduced Lunch StatusPercent FRL Percent Non-FRL

Low-income students were underrepresented in dual enrollment courses, but this gap

narrowed as enrollment grew over the last four years (some of this change may be due to

increase in schoolwide free lunch participation in some schools).


November 9, 2017

Social Studies

21%

English/Language

Arts and

Literature

20%

Mathematics

15%

Career/Tech/

Maintenance/Industry

10%

Health Science

& Services

9%

Science

7%

Criminal Justice/ Human

Services

4%

Business/ Management/

Marketing

3%

Communication/

Journalism

2%

World

Languages

2%

All Others

7%

What Courses Did 2016 Public School Dual Enrollment Students Take?

88,344courses

• Nearly two-thirds of dual

enrollment courses were

in the four core subject

areas.

• Career/Tech/Maintenance/

Industry courses made up

10% of courses taken.


November 9, 2017

2,108

3,000

3,670

6,023

7,423

8,344

13,213

17,893

18,881

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Communication/Journalism

Business/Management/Marketing

Criminal Justice/Human Services

Science

Health Science and Services

Career/Tech/Maintenance/Industry

Mathematics

English/Language Arts and Literature

Social Studies

Trends in the 10 Most Common Dual Enrollment Courses

2016

2012

2008

• The increase in the count of core subject courses outpaced other subject areas.

• Career/Tech/Maintenance/Industry course enrollment dropped significantly

between 2008 and 2012, likely due to a lack of funding for dual enrollment

technical college courses. The courses increased from 2012 to 2016 but are still

below 2008 levels.


November 9, 2017

Subject Areas with Largest Increases in Dual Enrollment from 2012 to 2016

Subject AreaNumber of Courses

in 2016

Percent Increase

Since 2012

Arts 1,088 621%

Business/Management/Marketing 3,000 427%

Physical Education and Health 637 394%

Business Computer Applications 260 294%

Engineering/Design 414 280%

Social Studies 18,881 266%

Communication/Journalism 2,108 251%

English/Language Arts and Literature 17,893 248%

Mathematics 13,213 239%

Science 6,023 163%

• Less common subject areas had larger proportional growth than the core

subject areas.

• However, these courses still make up a small percentage of all dual enrollment.


November 9, 2017

Percentage of Dual Enrollment Students

Graduating within Four Years (Public Schools Only)

High School

Graduation

Year

Percentage of All Dual

Enrollment

Completers

Graduating within

Four Years

Percentage of FRL Dual

Enrollment Completers

Graduating within Four

Years

Percentage of Non-FRL

Dual Enrollment

Completers Graduating

within Four Years

2012 89.7% 83.5% 93.9%

2013 92.3% 87.5% 95.0%

2014 94.2% 90.7% 96.4%

2015 94.9% 92.1% 96.6%

2016 96.7% 94.8% 98.1%

Average 94.0% 90.5% 96.3%

*Percentages are not directly comparable to high school graduation rates calculated

by the GaDOE.

Most students who completed dual enrollment courses graduated from

high school within four years.

Note: This pattern does not necessarily indicate that dual enrollment increases a student’s chance of

graduating from high school. Students must meet minimal postsecondary entrance requirements to

become eligible for dual enrollment courses, which means they are already performing at a level

higher than peers not eligible for dual enrollment.


November 9, 2017

1 to 5

12%

6 to 10

40%11 to 15

25%

16 to 20

8%

21 to 30

11%

31 to 40

2%

41+

2%

Credits Earned by High School Graduates

Who Participate in Dual Enrollment

High School

Graduates

Between 2012

and 2016

• More than half of

graduates earned 10 or

fewer credit hours.

• 25% of graduates earned

between 11 and 15

credits, roughly

equivalent to a semester

of full-time study.

• Only 4% earned more

than 30 credit hours.


November 9, 2017

57%

55%

55%

55%

53%

50%

48%

48%

11%

12%

14%

13%

14%

18%

19%

18%

6%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

4%

10%

10%

10%

11%

9%

8%

9%

9%

10%

12%

11%

11%

12%

13%

13%

15%

7%

5%

5%

5%

6%

7%

7%

6%

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

Hig

h S

cho

ol

Gra

du

atin

g C

lass

Postsecondary Enrollment Trends of Public High School Graduates

Who Earned Dual Enrollment Credit*Enrolled in Georgia public college/university Enrolled in Georgia public technical college

Enrolled in Georgia private college/university Enrolled in college/university outside of Georgia

Working in Georgia, not enrolled in college Unknown

• Between 2008 and 2015, an increasing percentage of dual enrollment participants

enrolled in Georgia public colleges/universities. While the percentage of Georgia

public technical colleges enrollees decreased, actual numbers of dual enrollment

students in technical colleges have still increased since 2012.*Enrollment within one year of graduating from high school.


November 9, 2017

41%

43%

43%

44%

45%

45%

46%

46%

8%

9%

9%

8%

9%

10%

11%

10%

5%

6%

6%

6%

5%

5%

5%

5%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

9%

9%

10%

21%

21%

20%

18%

18%

17%

16%

18%

15%

11%

13%

13%

14%

14%

14%

12%

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

Hig

h S

cho

ol

Gra

du

atin

g C

lass

Postsecondary Enrollment Trends of

Statewide Public High School Graduates*Enrolled in Georgia public college/university Enrolled in Georgia public technical college

Enrolled in Georgia private college/university Enrolled in college/university outside of Georgia

Working in Georgia, not enrolled in college Unknown

• In the class of 2015, 83% of high school graduates who participated in dual

enrollment were enrolled in some form of postsecondary within a year of

graduating, compared to 64% of all high school graduates.

• This gap widened steadily since the class of 2008.

*Enrollment within one year of graduating from high school.


November 9, 2017

48%

29%

6%

11%

33%

70%

27%

24%

16%

14%

14%

8%

Within

6 Years

Within

4 Years

Within

2 Years

Postsecondary Progression of Dual Enrollment Students

after High School GraduationEarned Postsecondary Credential Enrolled in Postsecondary Working without Postsecondary Credential or Enrollment Unknown

36%

17%

2%

13%

35%

62%

31%

29%

21%

21%

20%

14%

Within

6 Years

Within

4 Years

Within

2 Years

Postsecondary Progression of Statewide Students

after High School Graduation

Earned Postsecondary Credential Enrolled in Postsecondary Working without Postsecondary Credential or Enrollment Unknown

Dual enrollment participants were more likely to earn a postsecondary credential

within two, four, and six years compared to statewide high school graduates.

Summary of Findings

19

• Dual enrollment participation increased sharply from 2012 to 2016.

• Most students who completed dual enrollment courses graduated

from high school within four years, regardless of free/reduced

lunch status.

• When compared to statewide high school graduates, students who

completed dual enrollment courses were more likely to:

• Enroll in postsecondary coursework within a year of

graduation, and

• Earn a postsecondary credential within six years.

Note: More rigorous research is needed to determine how much of

these trends are caused by students participating in dual enrollment

and how much reflect the characteristics of the dual enrollment

students compared to those who do not participate.


November 9, 2017

Questions?

20

The full report is posted on GOSA’s Research

Page later this month.

http://gosa.georgia.gov/research


November 9, 2017

http://gosa.georgia.gov/research

21

Supplementary Charts/Information


November 9, 2017

Dual Enrollment Programs Prior to 2015 Senate Bill 132

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The Accel Program—Used lottery funds to pay for dual enrollment courses that were part of core

graduation requirements (English/Language Arts, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, and Foreign

Languages). Between 2008 and 2015, credit hours counted against a student’s HOPE scholarship credit

hour eligibility in some years but not in others. In 2011, the funding source was moved from lottery funds

to state funds.

Move on When Ready—Open to 11th and 12th grade students who enrolled full-time (12 or more semester

credit hours) in postsecondary institutions. The program was funded through the student’s allocation of

state K-12 FTE funding. MOWR credit hours did not count against the HOPE Scholarship credit hour

eligibility.

The HOPE Grant—Provided non-need based assistance to Georgia residents seeking technical certificates

or diplomas from TCSG and USG eligible postsecondary institutions. For dual enrollment, the Hope Grant

Program covered most of the cost of attending and was funded with lottery funds. Between 2008 and 2015,

credit hours counted against a student’s HOPE scholarship credit hour eligibility in some years but not in

others. After the 2015 changes, the HOPE grant still exists for postsecondary students seeking technical

certificates and diplomas, but it is not a dual enrollment program.

A small subset of students also earned dual enrollment credit through Early College, Gateway to College,

and Residential Programs.


November 9, 2017


November 9, 2017

Subject Areas 2007-08 2011-12 2015-16 Total

2008 to 2012

Percent

Increase

2012 to 2016

Percent

Increase Trend

Arts 290 151 1,088 1,529 -48% 621%

Business/Management/Marketing 2,038 569 3,000 5,607 -72% 427%

Physical Education and Health 321 129 637 1,087 -60% 394%

Business Computer Applications 831 66 260 1,157 -92% 294%

Engineering/Design 375 109 414 898 -71% 280%

Social Studies 2,994 5,165 18,881 27,040 73% 266%

Communication/Journalism 385 600 2,108 3,093 56% 251%

English/Language Arts and Literature 4,025 5,136 17,893 27,054 28% 248%

Mathematics 2,033 3,902 13,213 19,148 92% 239%

Science 1,319 2,287 6,023 9,629 73% 163%

World Languages 395 648 1,593 2,636 64% 146%

Other/General 1,616 544 1,297 3,457 -66% 138%

Criminal Justice/Human Services 1,647 1,610 3,670 6,927 -2% 128%

Education 1,059 445 975 2,479 -58% 119%

Career/Tech/Maintenance/Industry 9,514 3,851 8,344 21,709 -60% 117%

Computer Science and Information Technology 2,308 889 1,494 4,691 -61% 68%

Health Science and Services 4,655 4,420 7,423 16,498 -5% 68%

Remedial/Support Courses 160 52 31 243 -68% -40%

Grand Total 35,965 30,573 88,344 154,882 146% 189%

Total Dual Enrollment Courses Attempted by Subject Area in 2008, 2012, and 2016

dual enrollment and postescondary outcomes areas of the report 3 ... arts and literature 20% ......

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