dust cloud on the horizon:
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Dust Cloud on the Horizon:. Avoiding the Soil for Oil Trade-off. A Word from the Field. Dan Cotter District Conservationist USDA NRCS Lafayette County, Wisconsin. More Corn. Continuous Corn. Break even point. 2005. 2007. Income from Market and USDA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dust Cloud on the Horizon:Avoiding Avoiding the the Soil for Oil Soil for Oil Trade-offTrade-off
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A Word from the Field
Dan CotterDistrict Conservationist
USDA NRCSLafayette County, Wisconsin
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Continuous Corn More CornMore Corn
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Income from Market and USDA
Break even point
2005 2007
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Oak Savannah, Lafayette County, 2006
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Referencepoint
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Referencepoint
Cleared for cropland 2007
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Woodland (2005) to Cropland (2007), Grant County
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Pasture to Cropland, 2007 Green County
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Continuous Corn vs Crop Rotation
• Continuous corn - more fall tillage• Corn-soybean crop rotation commonly
grown using no tillage on highly erodible land
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A View from Above:Grant River at the Mississippi
1937-2004
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1937
Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
Railroad
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1940
Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
Railroad
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1949
Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
Railroad
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1955
Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
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Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
1981
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Mouth of Grant
Potosi Point
1995
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2004
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2004
1949
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Erosion, and Consequences
Judy DerricksConservation Agronomist
USDA NRCSWisconsin
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The Power of Water
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Vulnerable Soil
• Declining Organic Matter, Microbial Activity, Soil Structure
• When Saturated...loses its ability to stay together
****Test Soil Health and Consolidation
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Tools to Measure Soil Loss and Soil Quality
• Soil Loss Prediction…RUSLE2– “T” value
• Soil Conditioning Index…SCI
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Soil Erosion Trends Wisconsin4.7
4.13.8 3.7
3.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1982 1987 1992 1997 2003
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Impacts of Increasing Corn and Tillage
• Soil Quality Declines• Erosion Rate Increases• Surface water risk from sediment
and nutrients increases
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Corn-Hayw/ tillage
No-TillCorn-
Soybean
Cont.Corn
Tillage
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Soil lossInc in Organic matter
Erosion and Soil Conditioning
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Sediment in Runoff
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Nutrients -- phosphorous, manure delivered to surface water
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Lost benefits of crop rotation
Changing crop rotations to monoculture….
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Pest CyclesPest Cycles
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More fertilizer inputs
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It’s just for a few years…
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But it only takes one rainstorm
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Productive Lands Healthy Environment
Pat MurphyState Resource Conservationist
USDA NRCSWisconsin
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Conservation Compliance
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Benefits at Risk
• Agricultural Market Transition Act (AMTA) • Production Flexibility Contract Payments• Farm storage facility loans• Disaster payments• Milk payments• Conservation program payments• Agricultural Credit Act of 1976 payments
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Environmental Regulations
• EPA Clean Water Act• EPA Safe Drinking Water Act• Wisconsin Ag Performance
Standards
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Conservation Planning
• NRCS’ role is to develop conservation systems to address– Capability of the land – Client’s long-term objectives – Compliance with federal, state and local laws– Resource concerns identified by the planner
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Flat land
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Moderate slopes
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Rotations!
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Limit Soil Erosion
Contour buffers, conservation tillage, grassed waterways
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Buffers!
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Slopes over 12%Slopes over 12%not suitablenot suitable
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Intensive Cropping Requires Intensive Conservation
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Too close to the edge
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Productive LandsProductive LandsHealthy EnvironmentHealthy Environment