Dutch Enviromental Dutch Enviromental Accounts and policy Accounts and policy demandsdemands

Geert BruinoogeGeert BruinoogeDeputy Director GeneralDeputy Director GeneralStatistics NetherlandsStatistics Netherlands

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Content

• Dutch System of Environmental Accounts• Implementation• Compilation

• Examples of how Dutch Environmental Accounts inform policy makers:• Dutch Water accounts• Renewable energy sector• Carbon footprint and emission trade balance

• SEEA as framework to measure green growth• Conclusions

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Dutch EA: Implementation of SEEA

• Statistics Netherlands has a comprehensive EA program which cover various policy domains:• Water

• water use; emissions to water; regional water accounts• Energy

• energy accounts; oil and gas reserves• Materials / resource efficiency

• MFA and waste accounts• Climate and air pollution

• air emissions; bridge tables; CO2 quarterly; • Policy instruments

• Environmental Goods and Services Sector; emission permits; environmental taxes; environmental subsidies

• Analyses• Footprints; Structural Decomposition Analysis; econometric

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Dutch EA: Compilation

• Data availability:• No specific surveys, only integration of existing data sources

• Integration makes environment statistics comparable to economics statistics (classifications, definitions)

• Important data sources include:• National accounts; Emission inventories; Energy statistics; -

Trade statistics; Government statistics; etc.• EA data also used to improve the National accounts

• User demands:• Research institutes• Policy makers• Businesses• Eurostat (legal base)

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Dutch EA: Organisation of work

• The EA are compiled within the National Accounts department

• Accounts are compiled with relatively few resources

• Advantages:• Good knowledge of the National Accounts

important for EA• EA data can also be used to compile National

Accounts

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Example 1: Dutch Water Accounts

• Water accounts are commissioned by the Dutch Water Agency

• Reasons:

• Water accounts are based on internationally agreed system

• Statistics Netherlands has many relevant data, water accounts combine these data into one database

• Ensures consistency of data over the years

• Statistics Netherlands is the data authority in the Netherlands

• Information used for various purposes (a.o.)

• Reporting for the EU Water Framework Directive

• Reporting for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive

• Annual report ‘Water in Beeld’

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Results: cost-recovery

• Cost recovery of water-services in the Netherlands (Source: Van der Veeren and Dekking, 2008 http://www.kaderrichtlijnwater.nl/publicaties/item_5780/?ActItmIdt=18681 )

Nr Water-service

Cost recoveryProvider of the

serviceUser of the service Cost recovery by means of

2000 2005

1Production and

distribution of water

100% 100%

Drinking water companies, industry, agriculture

Households, industry, agriculture

Price per m3 for water used, fixed price for infrastructure, self-service

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collection and discharge of rainwater and wastewater

80% 95% MunicipalitiesHouseholds, industry,

agricultureSewerage levy

3 Wastewater treatment 100% 100%

Regional water boards, industry, agriculture

Households, industry, agriculture

Emission levy, self-service

4Groundwater

management95% 100% Provinces

Households, industry, nature

Groundwater levy, groundwater tax

5Regional water system

management100% 100%

Regional water boards

Households, industry, agriculture

Watersystem levy

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Example 2: Sustainable energy sector

• The Ministery of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation requested more detailed economic information on the sustainable energy sector

• This is a subset of companies in the Environmental Goods and Services Sector

• In spring 2011 Statistics Netherlands executed an in depth study on the sustainable energy sector (reporting year 2008)

• In 2012 we continue the work: annual update of figures, monitoring trends

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Results: value added and employment

• Share of sustainable energy sector in total employment and GDP is small (<1 percent) but increasing over time

0.15

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.23

0.25

0.27

0.29

0.31

0.33

2008 2009* 2010*

Year

Per

cen

tag

e Share sustainable energy sectorin total employment

Share sustainable energy sectorin gross domestic product

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• Environmental Accounts in combination with Input Output tables allow to estimate ‘footprints’: the pollution caused by consumption

• In 2011 the Dutch Sustainability Agenda explicitly asked Statistics Netherlands to further develop footprint indicators.  

• In 2012 a project is being conducted to refine the used methodology

Example 3: Carbon Footprint

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Results: emission trade balance• Trade balance

negative with China (CO2) and Russia (CH4), but postive with Germany

• Caused by:• NL is a large

net importer from China (volume effect)

• Chinese production more emission intensive

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

WesternEurope

Germany OtherOECD

MiddelEast

Southand

CentralAmerica

Unitedstates ofAmerica

EasternEurope

Africa OtherAsian

Russia China

N2O (nitrous oxide)

CH4 (methane)

CO2

Mton GHG emissions

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Results: personal carbon footprint

• Personal carbon footprint is an interactive internet application

• It allows users to estimate their GHG emissions related to their own consumption habits

http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/natuur-milieu/cijfers/extra/footprint.htm

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SEEA as framework for Green Growth

• OECD green growth: “fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that the quality and quantity of natural assets can continue to provide the environmental services on which our well-being relies. It is also about fostering investment, competition and innovation which will underpin sustained growth and give rise to new economic opportunities (OECD, 2011).

• Environmental accounts directly provide indicators and an underlying analytical framework for the main characteristics of green growth:a) Improving resource and environmental efficiency b) Maintaining the natural asset basec) Evaluation of the effectiveness of policy in greening growthd) Providing new economic opportunities

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Measuring green growth in the Netherlands (2011)

Objective: • Assess the state of green growth in the

Netherlands • Benchmark for a more thorough and

comprehensive assessment of green growth in the future

Point of departure: OECD indicators • Data availability• Robustness of indicators• Relevance for the Netherlands

List of 20 relevant indicators

• Project was completed in only 2 months

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SEEA as a data source

Group Indicator

Environmental accounts

Environmental and energy

statistics OtherProduction-based greenhouse gas intensity xConsumption-based greenhouse gas emissions

xEnergy efficiency xRenewable energy xSurpluses of nutrients xMaterial intensity xWater use intensity xWaste treatment xStocks of standing timber xFish inputs xNatural gas reserves xLand conversion into built-up land xThreats to biodiversity x

iii Environmental quality of life Pollution induced health problems xGreen patents xShare of green taxes xEnergy prices xCarbon trade xEnvironmental investments xGreen jobs x

iv Policy responses

i Environmental Efficiency

ii Natural asset base

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Presentation and scores

Two scores:

A) trends in greening growth

Environmental efficiency indicators: based on degree of decoupling (absolute / relative / no decoupling)

Other indicators: evaluation of their trends

B) policy targets

based on publication of the Environmental assessment agency

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Example: development of GDP and key figures

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Domestic Product (gross, market prices, fixed price level)Net energy useMineral reserves gasTap water useGreenhouse gas emissionsFine dust emissionsHeavy metals to water

Index 1990=100

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Results: Scores of the green growth indicators

Group Indicator Time series Trend ingreening growth

Policy targets 1

Production-based greenhouse gas intensity 1990-2009 Y G

Consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions 1996; 2007 Y -

Energy efficiency 1990-2009 Y -

Renewable energy 1990-2009 G R

Surpluses of nutrients 1990-2009 G Y

Material intensity 1996-2008 Y -

Water use intensity 1990-2009 G -

Waste treatment 1985-2008 G G

Stocks of standing timber 1990-2005 G R

Fish inputs 1996-2008 R -

Natural gas reserves 1990-2009 R -

Land conversion into built-up land 1900-2006 - -

Threats to biodiversity 1994-2005 R R

iii Environmental quality of life Pollution induced health problems 1980-2000 G -

Green patents 2000-2006 G -

Share of green taxes 1990-2009 G -

Energy prices 1990-2009 - -

Carbon trade 2005-2009 - -

Environmental investments 1990-2007 Y -

Green jobs 1995-2008 G -

iv Policy responses

i Environmental Efficiency

ii Natural asset base

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Demand for green growth indicators

• High international interest OECD, UNEP initiatives One of the central themes for Rio+20

• High national interest Policy makers: Ministries of environment and infrastructure, economy and innovation, financing Research institutes Businesses (corporate social responsibility etc.) General public / media

• In 2012: list of indicators being revised

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Visualisation of GG indicators (preliminary)

Index 1990=100

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Conclusions

• Various advantages to SEEA:• International statistical standard Internationally

comparable statistics• Integrating approach consistent and

comprehensive statistics• In the Netherlands compilation of EA based on source

data from existing institutional and statistical infrastructure

• Increasing demand by various users for EA data• SEEA provides a solid measurement framework for

monitoring green growth