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Field Testing and Optimization of Soy Based Dust Control Agents

byJames Bahr

January 31, 2019

STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

Summary

• The need for better road dust control agents

• Development of soy-based dust control at NDSU

• Field test results

• Current and future projects


The Problem

• Fugitive road dust is hazardous to people, livestock and crops

• Current widespread use of magnesium and calcium chloride create environmental concerns and cause corrosion to vehicles and infrastructure

• Chlorides typically require two applications per year and fail in low humidities

Calcium Chloride Run Off

Ground Water Contamination


Soy-Based Benefits

• Non-corrosive, non-toxic, and biodegradable

• Drop-in replacement for chlorides- can use existing trucks

• Does not accumulate in lakes and streams

• Can reduce gravel road maintenance costs by stabilization

• Increased demand for midwestern agricultural products


Material Description

Glycerol + Soy Biodieselor oil

Mono, Di and Triglycerides


Mode of Action

Attracts Water Molecules

Cross-linked Bonds

Fatty acid chains

• Aged material has >10x increase in molecular weight due to cross-linking

• Binds dust particles together

• Remains pliable, does not harden

Sticky when Cross-linked


Early Lab Development

Synthesize Emulsify in Water Treat Gravel Measure Dust


Road Test PrepDual Reactors Emulsification

1,100 gallons of product

3x Water Added


Road Test Application

Application day 0.5 gal/yd2 Eight days later after 2 inches of rainfallNo visible run-off


Application Day


Road Test Results

Untreated Gravel-RAP

30 MinutesAfter Treatment

After 6 Weeks

Close up of the treated road surface


Real Time Dust Meter

DUSTTRAK II AEROSOL MONITOR 8532


Road Dust Measurement


September 8 Road Dust Data70 deg F, 30% Relative Humidity, PM 4

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0:00:00 0:00:17 0:00:35 0:00:52 0:01:09 0:01:26 0:01:44 0:02:01 0:02:18

Soy Avg = 0.07 mg/m3Calcium Chloride Section Avg= 1.1 mg/m3

30 mph for 1 mile30 mph for 1 mile

Dus

t M

ass

mg

/m3


7/2

4/1

7

7/2

6/1

7

7/2

8/1

7

7/3

0/1

7

8/1

/17

8/3

/17

8/5

/17

8/7

/17

8/9

/17

8/1

1/1

7

8/1

3/1

7

8/1

5/1

7

8/1

7/1

7

8/1

9/1

7

8/2

1/1

7

8/2

3/1

7

8/2

5/1

7

8/2

7/1

7

8/2

9/1

7

8/3

1/1

7

9/2

/17

9/4

/17

9/6

/17

9/8

/17

9/1

0/1

7

9/1

2/1

7

9/1

4/1

7

9/1

6/1

7

9/1

8/1

7

9/2

0/1

7

9/2

2/1

7

9/2

4/1

7

9/2

6/1

7

9/2

8/1

7

0.04

0.80

0.60

1.91

0.06 0.05

0.04

0.07

0.12

AVERAGE ROAD DUSTmg/m3

Calcium Chloride Treated Section Soy Treated Section


Crop Toxicity Testing

No toxicity compared to control No toxicity due to wind drift

Pre-emergent application Post-emergent application

Crops tested; Wheat, Oat, Canola, Lentil, Soybean, and Sunflower


Preliminary Findings• Minimal road dust after 10 months

• Stabilizes the road base and retains fines

• Does not wash away in the rain

• Performs better than calcium chloride

• Doesn’t kill plants

• Winter carryover

• Rejuvenates reclaimed asphaltSoy Chloride

Silt


Road Surface in March (10 Months)


Current Research

North Dakota Soybean Council – Study RAP rejuvenation

• Test the properties of soy treated RAP in the lab

• Partnering with Dr Ying Huang, NDSU Civil Engineering

• Obtain data to allow for a field test in the future


Current Research

United Soybean Board - Scale up the manufacturing and reduce costs

• Optimize the synthesis using low cost, raw materials

• Identify bulk material suppliers

• Scale up batch size to 5,000 gallons

• 1-2 year project


Current Research*ND DoT Transportation Innovation Program – Road test to optimize application

• Perform a road test on gravel road (no RAP)

• Optimize the rate of application

• Measure performance against chloride

* TRIP project delayed 2 years until a qualifying section of road is available


Conclusions

• Our soy-based product has shown great promise in early testing

• A market survey revealed a lot of interest from people in the industry

• More work needs to be done to optimize the manufacturing

• Additional field demonstrations are planned (locations TBD)

• Future field trial for treated RAP is desirable

• Cooperation from state and local DoT officials necessary for success


Acknowledgements

Research ND

Cass County DoT

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