dwd automatic weathers stations on sea

March 2011, VOS-TAG-8, GenuaDWD TI33 A4, Henry Kleta

Deutscher Wetterdienst

DWD

Automatic Weathers Stations on Sea



Systems in Operation (03/11)

16 Ships

3 Lightvessels

2 Lighthouses

3 Buoys

1 Navigational Beacon

2 E-SURFMAR Ships

1 SCAWS



Types of stations

Ships + Buoysposition and direction variable

standard set of sensors

FM-13 SHIP (Fishery Protection Vessels delayed in GTS)

Lightvesselsposition fixed, direction variable

standard set of sensors plus sunshine plus visibility

FM-12 SYNOP

Lighthousesposition and direction fixed

standard set of sensors plus sunshine

FM-12 SYNOP



Weather stations on sea (fixed positions)



Functionalities

Automatic acquisition of meteorological data at exposed positions at seacertified according to DIN ISO 9001:2000

Supply of meteorological data for national and international programs and modelsForecasts of various institutions (DWD, BSH, WSA, HPA, ...)

Data is routed into GTS for EUMETNET, NMS, ...

Data can be used as reference for satellite soundings

Supply of meteorological data onboard (for Scientists)proprietary NMEA 0183 telegram



MILOS – System Overview

Central Unit (MILOS)

Sensors (wind, temperatures, humidity, pressure)

Extra sensors (sunshine, visibility)

NMEA Source (position, movement, heading)

DCP (satellite communication)

PC (visualisation, acquisition of visual observations)



Datalogger MILOS

Central unit of the AWScentral point of star shaped cabling

Collects and processes sensor and NMEA dataI/O: analogue, digital, serial

Generates permanent data output (for scientists)floating 1-min mean values

Provides data for visualisation (PC on bridge)current values and graphical trends

Generates FM-13 SHIP (hourly)weather report, sent via DCP



Standard Sensors

WindThies (WR: 8bit Gray-Code, WG: 3..1042Hz = 0,3..50m/s)

Temperature (Air)Friedrichs PT100 (-40..60°C)

Temperature (Water)Friedrichs PT100 in plung-in-welder, or DWD PT100 magnet type (-10..40°C)

HumidityRotronic MP-100 or Vaisala HMP45D (0..100%)

PressureAIR DB-1A or Vaisala PTB220A with inlet on deck (800..1060hPa)



Extra Sensors

SunshineSiggelkow Soni E2 (TTL-Level Yes/No)

VisibiltyImpuls-Physik Fumosens IV (100m..10km)

Compass (for true wind calculation)Thales 3011 GPS-Compass



Software

Runs on Standard Windows-PC (needs serial link)

Facility to enter visual observations with help system

Visualisation of all data

Backup of some data

PC and Software optional



ABWST Mk II – System Overview

Wind

Pressure

Humidity

Temp (Air)

Temp (Water)

Navigation

Radiation

Weather Report (1/h)

Scientific System (1/s)

Service

Central-Unit(CR1000)



Sensors

WindThies Ultrasonic-Anemometer

AirPressure: Vaisala PTB220

Temperature: Ketterer LTS 2000 (PT100)

Humidity: Rotronic MP101

RadiationDSR: Kipp & Zonen CMP21 Pyranometer

DLR: Kipp & Zonen CGR4 Pyrgeometer

NavigationThales 3011 GPS-Compass (RMC + HDT) or single antenna GPS (RMC)



Dataoutput

Permanent output (once per second)proprietary NMEA telegram ($PDWDC,...)

$PDWDC,YYMMDD,HHMMSS,DDMM.m,DDDMM.m,SS.s,CCC,c,HHH.h,WDR.r,WSR.r,WDT.t,WST.t,TA.a,UUU.u,PRRR.r,PNNN.n,TW.w,RSW.w,RLW.c,RLW.s,TLW.s,,,

raw data, no preprocessing (mean,...)

with dead time for slow sensors (i.e. pressure)

with timestamp (UTC) and position (from navigational data)

Weather report (hourly)FM13 – SHIP (BBXX...), transmission with DCP

with unmasked (Dxxx) or masked callsign (SCADExx)



Datatransmission

One report per hour (poss. + 1 x BSH / TS, poss. + 6 x Storm)

No transmission costs

Quality: approx. 92% average (16 AWS, 62.9%..99.9%)

Dataflow:

EUMETSAT Darmstadt

DWD AWS DWD Offenbach

DWD Hamburg

GTS

METEOSAT



Future Plans

New stationssome new ships in pipeline – Schwedeneck, Sonne

Conversion of fixed Stations to ShipsFehmarn Belt and Bake Zulu will be converted to Ships (FM-13)

Milos replacementsee TT-AWS, TT-on-T

High Datarate DCPswill be introduced in ?

more data, more often, binary data possible

dwd automatic weathers stations on sea

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