dynamic reactive power from wind power plant:...
TRANSCRIPT
Dynamic Reactive Power From Wind Power Plant: Voltage Control Ancillary Service Support
Hazem KarboujDepartment of Energy Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, 400076, India
8 September 2017
Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conference
Zakir H. RatherDepartment of Energy Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, 400076, [email protected]
Outlines
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8 September 2017
Global and Indian wind status
Voltage support ancillary service
Test system and wake effect
Capability calculation of type4 WTG
Proposed reactive power control strategy
conclusion
Global Wind status
23,900 31,100 39,431 47,620 59,091 73,957 93,9241,20,696
1,59,0521,97,956
2,38,1102,82,850
3,18,6973,69,862
4,32,680
4,86,790
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Global cumulative installed wind capacity 2001-2016
MW
The world has witnessed an aggressive integration of installed wind capacity.
The key drivers of global wind energy growth:
Fusel fuel depletion.
Climate change.
Job opportunities provided by wind energy industry.
Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conference 2 Hazem Karbouj & Zakir H. Rather
8 September 2017
Wind status of India
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
Population Total final energyconsumption
Total primary energysupply
Power capacity GDP per capita
Gro
wth
20
14-
20
30
Growth in key economic and energy indicators for India, 2014 to 20300
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Total installed wind capacity in IndiaMW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Coal Natural gas Oil Nuclear Hydro(excl.pumpedhydro)
Biomass(incl.biogas)
Solar PV Wind
Po
wer
Cap
acit
y (G
W)
Indian power generation capacity, 2016-2030
2016 2030 Roadmap
#
# This study is done before the new strategy is announced by Indian government (100 GW solar PV by 2022)
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Voltage support ancillary service
Time(s)
V(pu)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 1.0 2 3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.0
0.5 1.5 2.5
WTG may disconnect
Dynamic reactive power compensation
Steady state operation
1.05WTG may disconnect
Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conference
VPCC(pu)
IqWF(pu)
0.5 0.9
1
0
4 Hazem Karbouj & Zakir H. Rather
8 September 2017
ΔVPCC
Dead band
Q
Qmax
Qmin
ΔVPCC min
ΔVPCC max
Reactive power priority Active power priority
“wind farm shall provide active power in proportion to retained grid voltage ”
Constant reactive power control
Constant power factor control
Voltage control
Voltage support ancillary service
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8 September 2017
ΔVPCC
Dead band
Q
Qmax
Qmin
ΔVPCC min
ΔVPCC max
What is voltage support ancillary service?• The additional reactive power supplied/consumed by WPP beyond
the mandated reactive power toward bringing the grid voltage closerto the desired set point.
• Example: Enhanced Reactive Power Service (ERPS) in Great Britain.
* It is not a mandatory requirement* It is open to all providers … able to generate or absorb
Reactive Power* It is a commercial service … rather than replaces the
Obligatory Reactive Power Service (ORPS)National Grid (GB)
Does WPP have the capability to supply/consume reactive power beyondthe mandated reactive power?
• Many factors decides that capability: wind speed, wind direction, operatingpoint, PCC voltage …. etc
M
PCC154 kV
2.3 kV33 kV
33 kV
345 kV
345 kV
13.8 kV
26.4 kV6.6 kV
SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SG6
100 MVA 150 MVA 200 MVA
Static L oad
207 MW, 80 MVAR
Asynchr onous Motor
345 MW
5 MW
33 kV
WTG 1
WTG 2
WTG 3
WTG 4
WTG 5
WTG 6 WTG 1 1
WTG 7
WTG 8
WTG 9
WTG 1 0
WTG 1 2
WTG 1 3
WTG 1 4
WTG 1 5
Test system & wake effect
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90°
Wind
angle
win
d
v1
v2
v3
v4
V1>V2>V3>V4>V5
v5
V1>V2>V3
v3
Wake effect refers to the decrementof wind speed, hence kinetic energycontent, that strikes the upstreamWTGs comparing with downstreamWTGs in the wind farms.
It is influenced by many factors: The distance between wind turbine
generators. Wind turbine radius. The geography of the wind farm
site. The operating point of wind
turbine generators. Controlling WTGs which have different
reactive power reserves by samecontroller gains results inunderutilization of reactive powerreserve from some WTGs when thisreserve is required.
Capability calculation of type4 WTG
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8 September 2017
M
PCC154 kV
2.3 kV33 kV
33 kV
345 kV
345 kV
13.8 kV
26.4 kV6.6 kV
SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SG6
100 MVA 150 MVA 200 MVA
Static L oad
207 MW, 80 MVAR
Asynchr onous Motor
345 MW
5 MW
33 kV
WTG 1
WTG 2
WTG 3
WTG 4
WTG 5
WTG 6 WTG 1 1
WTG 7
WTG 8
WTG 9
WTG 1 0
WTG 1 2
WTG 1 3
WTG 1 4
WTG 1 5
Reactive power capability of single WTG:
Reactive power capability of overall WPP:
𝑄𝑊𝑇𝐺−𝑐𝑎𝑝 = min 𝑄𝑖 , 𝑄𝑣
𝑄𝑊𝑃𝑃−𝑐𝑎𝑝 =𝑆𝑊𝑇𝐺 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑆𝑊𝑃𝑃 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒×
i=1
n
QWTGi−cap
Voltage support ancillary service
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WPP Reactive power supply capability WPP Reactive power consumption capability
Voltage support ancillary service
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ΔVPCC
Q
VPCC
Vcom
QWPP ref QWTG ref
_K
VPCC
Vcom
Π Σ
Qca p
P
V
PPWP PCCV
_
K1
Kn
K2
.
.
.
QWTG1_ref
QWTG2_ref
QWTGn_ref
QWPP_cap
ΔVPCC
Q
limiter
QminDeadband
Qmax
QWPP_ref
K
Qca p
P
V
WFP PCCV
÷
Qca p
P
V
WT
Gi
PP
CC
V
QWTGi_cap
QWF_cap
Ki
Π
WTGi capability surface
WPP capability surface
Conventional reactive power control strategy of wind power plant
Proposed reactive power control strategy of wind power plant Participation factor calculation
Results: case 1
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Measurements @ PCC Measurements @ WTGs
Results: case 2
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8 September 2017
Measurements @ PCC Measurements @ WTGs
Conclusion
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WPP participation in voltage support ancillary service can increase the WPP net revenue without installing new equipment.
A precise type4 based WPP capability to supply/consume reactive power is presented.
An adaptive voltage control strategy is proposed to enable WPP to participate in the voltage control ancillary service .
Wake effect, cables Ohmic losses, voltage limited reactive power capability are taken into account.
The reactive power is dispatched between WTGs in WPP based on their respective capabilities.
The proposed strategy has shown a better dynamic reactive power compensation and effective
voltage control.
The proposed strategy is currently under further development by the authors.
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Grid broshour. Available online: http://www2.nationalgrid.com.• "Roadmap for a renewable energy future," International Renewable Energy Agency report, 2016.• N. Ullah, K. Bhattacharya, and T. Thiringer, “Wind farms as reactive power ancillary service providers - technical and economic issues,” IEEE
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