dynamic spirometer
DESCRIPTION
Dynamic Spirometer. By Dr. Maha al- Enazy. Objectives . To understand the different measurements of lung volume. To learn how spirometer works and the different graphs it produces. To diagnose lung diseases using the spirometer graphs. Dynamic Spirometer. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DYNAMIC SPIROMETERBy Dr. Maha al-Enazy
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Objectives To understand the
different measurements of lung volume
To learn how spirometer works and the different
graphs it producesTo diagnose lung diseases
using the spirometer graphs
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Dynamic Spirometer
It measures the flow and volume of air moving in and out of the lungs.
It is the most basic and frequently performed test of pulmonary (lung) function.
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Why Dynamic? It measures the rate at which the
lungchanges volume during forced
breathing maneuvers.
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Importance of Dynamic Spirometer•Helps in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.• Follow disease progression.• Determine strength and function of the chest.
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How is the test performed ?Equipment:1. Spirometer2. Nose Clips3. Disposable mouth piece
Method: 4. Enter subject data5. Apply Nose clips 6. Perform the test
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Make a tight seal around
the mouthpiece.
Ask subject to inhale
deeply.
Then ask the subject to
exhale as strong and as
fast as possible.
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Results Obtained
Flow- Volume Curve
Volume-Time Curve (Forced
Expiratory Curve)
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Measures of Volume- Time Curve:
FEV1=the volume ofair exhaled in the 1st
second. (about 4.2 L. Values of between 80% and 120% of the average value are considered normal)
FVC=the total volume
of air exhaled. About 5L (FEV1 is 84% of FVC)
FEV1/FVC ratio=normally ≈ 80% or a
bit higher.
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Flow- Volume Loop Peak Expiratory Flow
Rate (PEFR): Maximum of air flow achieved at the beginning of FVC or expiration maneuver. [ large airways]
Forced Expiratory Flow: FEF-25-75%: the average flow rate during the middle half of FVC [small airways].
FEF50% (MEF50%): Forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC. (4-6L)
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Results Measurements are typically reported as
absolute flows and volumes and as percentages of predicted values using data derived from a large population of people with normal lung function
Variables used to predict normal values include age, sex, ethnicity and height.
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Patho-physiology: Lung Diseases
Obstructive Lung
Disease
Restrictive
Lung Disease
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Obstructive Difficulty exhaling all the air from the
lungs due to :damage to the lungs or narrowing of the airways inside the lungs, exhaled air comes out more slowly than normal. At the end of a full exhalation, an abnormally high amount of air may still linger in the lungs.
Asthma, COPD, Emphysema, cystic fibrosis
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Obstructive on Graphs
Inspiratory loop is normal
Muscle independent part of the expiratory loop= concave.
PEFR or MEF50%
FEV1 (increased airway resistance)
FVC or (premature closure of airway in expiration)
FEV1/FVC
Flow Volume Loop Volume- Time Curve
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Restrictive cannot fully fill their lungs with air. Their
lungs are restricted from fully expanding. Decreased lung compliance.
Caused by stiffness in the lungs themselves. In other cases, stiffness of the chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves may cause the restriction in lung expansion.
Interstitial lung disease, Obesity, Neuromuscular diseases.
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Restrictive on the Graphs
Miniature loop FEV1 FVC FEV1/FVC or
Flow- Volume Loop Volume- Time Curve
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Restrictive VS. Obstructive
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