dynastinae.docx

7/26/2019 Dynastinae.docx

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Page1Dynastinae

Scientifc classifcation

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

Suborder: Polyphaga

Inraorder: Scarabaeiormia

Superamily: Scarabaeoidea

amily: Scarabaeidae

Subamily:Dynastinae

!ac"eay# 1$1%

&ribes

'($# see te)t

Dynastinaeor rhinoceros beetlesare a subamilyo the scarab beetle

amily*Scarabaeidae+, Other common names - some or particular groups

o rhinoceros beetles - are or e)ample Hercules beetles# unicorn

beetlesor horn beetles, O.er /00 specieso rhinoceros beetles are

no2n,

!any rhinoceros beetles are 2ell no2n or their uni3ue shapes and largesi4es, Some amous species are# or e)ample# the Atlas beetle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sharp_MacLeayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfamilyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastes_tityushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastes_tityushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sharp_MacLeayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfamilyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastes_tityushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastes_tityushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification


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*Chalcosoma atlas+# common rhinoceros beetle*Xylotrupes ulysses+#

elephant beetle*Megasoma elephas+# 6uropean rhinoceros beetle

*Oryctes nasicornis+# 7ercules beetle*Dynastes hercules+#8apanese

rhinoceros beetleor kabutomushi*Allomyrina dichotoma+# o) beetle

*Strategus aloeus+ and the unicorn beetle*Dynastes tityus+,

Contents

1 Description and ecology

5 9se by humans

/ &ribes# 2ith selected genera and species

;otes

< urther reading

' 6)ternal lins

Description and ecology=edit>

Aegopsis cur.icornis=.erifcation needed>*Agaocephalini+ - three stages rom lar.a

to adult:

"ar.a*bac+# pupa*center+# imago*ront+

&he Dynastinae are among the largest o beetles# reaching more than

1


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Additionally# since they are nocturnal# they a.oid many o their predators

during the day, Bhen the sun is out# they hide under logs or in .egetation

to [email protected] rom the e2 predators big enough to 2ant to

eat them, I rhinoceros beetles are disturbed# some can release .ery loud#

hissing s3ueas, &he hissing s3ueas are created by rubbing their

abdomens against the ends o their 2ing co.ers, hinoceros beetles arerather 2ell(protected# and a healthy adult male can li.e up to 5(/ years,

&he emales rarely li.e long ater they mate,

&hese beetles lar.al stagescan be se.eral years long, &he lar.ae eed on

rotten 2ood and the adults eed on nectar# plant sapand ruit, irst# the

lar.ae hatch rom eggs and later de.elop into pupaebeore they reach

adult status*see picture at let+, &he emales lay

hinoceros beetles are popular as pets in parts o Asia#=/>in part due to

their being clean# easy to maintain and sae to handle, Also in Asia# male

beetles are used or gambling fghts,=>Since males naturally ha.e the

tendency to fght each other or the attention o emales# they are the

ones used or battle, &o get the t2o male beetles to loc in combat# a

emale beetle or a small noisemaer is used to duplicate the emales

mating call,

6ntomologistSE.erin &chibo4osuggests the lar.ae contain much more

protein*0F+# than chicen*50F+ and bee*appro)imately 1$F+ and they

could become a protein source or a large =human> population,=

Tribes, with selected genera and

species[edit]

Some species can become maGor pests# e,g,# in tree plantations, 9sually

though# beetle population densitiesare not as high as in some other pest

insects# and ood trees 2hich are typically already sic or dying rom someother cause are preerred, Some species lar.ae# ho2e.er# 2ill attac

healthy trees or e.en root .egetables# and 2hen they occur in large

numbers# can cause economically signifcant damage, &he ungus

Metarhizium anisopliaeis a pro.en biocontrol agEupatorus gracilicornis

*Dynastini+

Asiatic rhinoceros beetle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_saphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastinae&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_fightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9verin_Tchibozo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastinae&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_(organism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metarhizium_anisopliaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupatorus_gracilicornishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_saphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastinae&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_fightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9verin_Tchibozo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastinae&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_(organism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metarhizium_anisopliaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupatorus_gracilicornishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastini&action=edit&redlink=1


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Scientifc classifcation

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

amily: Scarabaeidae

Subamily: Dynastinae

Henus: Oryctes

Species: O. rhinoceros

Binomial name
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orycteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orycteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature


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Oryctes rhinoceros# is a species o rhinoceros beetlebelonging to the

Scarabaeidaeamily, O. rhinocerosattacs the de.eloping rondso

coconut# oil# and other palmsin tropical Asiaand a number o Pacifc

islands, Damaged ronds sho2 typical triangular cuts, &he beetleills the

palms *particularly ne2ly planted ones+ 2hen the gro2ing point is

destroyed during eeding, &he lar.ae do not damage crops# but instead

gro2 in dead# decaying truns and other organic matter,=>=

Rhinoceros beetles are herbivorous insects named for the

horn-like projections on and around the heads of males.

Most are black, gray, or greenish in color, and some are

covered in soft hairs. Another name given to some of

these insects is Hercules beetle, because they possess

strength of a herculean proportion. Adults of some

species can lift objects 8! times their "eight# $hat

"ould be e%uivalent to a human lifting & fully gro"n male

elephants# 'ne of the uses for e(treme strength is for

the beetles to dig themselves into leaf litter and soil to

escape danger. $heir horns also help them to do this.

Size:Rhinoceros beetles can gro" up to ) inches,

making them some of the largest beetles around. Diet:All rhinoceros beetles are herbivorous. $he adults

feed on fruit, nectar, and sap. $he larvae eat decaying

plant matter. Typical Lifespan:*ongevity varies among species, but a

typical lifespan is one to t"o years. Much of this may be

spent in the larval stage.

Habitat:*eaf litter, plants, and fallen logs provide a safe

hideout for rhinoceros beetles during the day. Range:Rhinoceros beetles are found on every continent

e(cept Antarctica. +n the .., they live in the south from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_rhinoceros_beetle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle


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Page$or the right to mate,

hinoceros beetles protect

themsel.es rom predators and otherrhino beetles 2ith a .ery tough

e)oseleton# 2hich is shiny and

ranges in color rom light bro2n to

blac,

hinoceros ?eetles ha.e t2o sets o2ings and are able to @y, &he outer

set o 2ings protects the real 2oring

2ings underneath, ?ecause o the

horns light2eight and hollo2

characteristics# it does not interere

2ith the beetles ability to @y,

Rhinoceros Beetle "eneral acts

hinoceros ?eetles are part o the

Scarab ?eetle amily and are totally

harmless to humans, &hey do not bite#

sting# or carry any type o poisonous.enom,

&he main predators or hinoceros

?eetles are birds and snaes, ?ecause

they are nocturnal they are oten able

to a.oid many other orms o 2ould


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Page%be enemies by hiding under

.egetation and other orest matter,

&he hinoceros ?eetles diet consistsmainly o rotting ruits# tree sap# and

2ood rom decaying trees,

!any species o hinoceros ?eetles

originated in the rainorest and orest

regions o central and southernAmerica, &he 9nited States is also

home to some o the species o this

beetle,

Bhen hinoceros ?eetles tae @ight# it

is usually because they are @ying to a

light source# 2hich they are .ery

attracted to,

Stridulating# a loud s3ueaing noise

gi.en o by the beetle# is made by

rubbing its body parts together, &his

occurs 2hen a male is looing to mate

but also as a territorial sound or

2arning sign,

&he emale hino ?eetle can lay

up2ards o


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Page10During the lar.ae period# 2hich 2ill

last /(< years# the hino lar.ae 2ill

consume hety amounts o ood so

that 2hen fnally mature# the amount

o ood needed to sur.i.e 2ill

decrease,

&he hinoceros ?eetle and its lar.ae

eed o o the orests dead and

rotting trees# helping to bring do2n

the sic and dying trees and maing

2ay or ne2# healthy ones, &he

deorestation that is currently taing

place in rainorests is contributing to

the beetles population decline, 45 46

Scientific Name:ubfamily Dynastinae


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Page11Description:Rhinoceros beetles are herbivorous insects

named for the horn-like projections on and around the heads

of males. Most are black, gray, or greenish in color, and some

are covered in soft hairs. Another name given 2.Lifecycle of the Rhinoceros

Beetle

ig,5 ( Oryctes rhinoceros egg L IPI

&he liecycle o the rhinoceros beetles began as theemales burro2s and lay their eggs# usually around


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ig,/ ( Oryctes rhinoceros lar.ae L IPI

"ar.ae 2ill then eed and continue to gro2 or the ne)t

$5 - 50 days, &he lar.ae 2ill soon enter a prepupal

stage or another $(1/ more days,

ig, ( Oryctes rhinoceros pupaeL IPI

In this stage# the lar.ae 2ill not eed and remained in

a pupae made in the decomposed 2ood or soil, It 2ill

remain in pupal stage or 1(5$ more days, M


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ig,< N ' ( Adult Oryctes rhinoceros L IPI

Adult rhinoceros beetle 2ill stay in the pupal cell or

another 1(55 days then emerges and @y to palm

cro2ns to eed# mostly at night, &his is the stage

2here the beetle is highly damaging to oil palm and

coconut, rom there# the adult 2ill continue to li.e or

(% months and mating 2ith other beetles in the

breeding sites# usually in heaps o composts or organic

materials,

to some of these insects is Hercules beetle, because they

possess strength of a herculean proportion. Adults of

some species can lift objects 8! times their "eight# $hat

"ould be e%uivalent to a human lifting & fully gro"n male

elephants# 'ne of the uses for e(treme strength is for

the beetles to dig themselves into leaf litter and soil to

escape danger. $heir horns also help them to do this.

Size:Rhinoceros beetles can gro" up to ) inches,making them some of the largest beetles around.


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Page1: Diet:All rhinoceros beetles are herbivorous. $he adults

feed on fruit, nectar, and sap. $he larvae eat decaying

plant matter. Typical Lifespan:*ongevity varies among species, but a

typical lifespan is one to t"o years. Much of this may bespent in the larval stage.

Habitat:*eaf litter, plants, and fallen logs provide a safe

hideout for rhinoceros beetles during the day. Range:Rhinoceros beetles are found on every continent

e(cept Antarctica. +n the .., they live in the south from

Ariona northeast to /ebraska and east"ard.

Life History and Reproduction:$he horns of the male

rhinoceros beetle are used to drive other males a"ay

from a female beetle during mating rituals. 0emales layabout ! eggs "hich hatch into larvae. After several

molts, they eventually reach adult sie and form. Fun Fact:1hen disturbed, rhinoceros beetles can

produce hissing s%ueaks. $hese aren2t actually vocal

noises. +nstead, they2re produced "hen the beetle rubs

their abdomen and "ing covers together.

Conservation Status:3robably varies among species.

Rhinoceros beetles are collected as pets, and in some

Asian countries, gamblers place bets on "hich of t"o

male beetles "ill knock the other off a log. $heir horns

aren2t used for protection and they2re harmless to

humans.


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Page1. 4his is 'uite important, and a lesson learned through

e:perience$ $hinoceros beetles naturally hae a small

number of mites on them. *or this reason, many people

keep the "eetles outside. If you keep the "eetle inside,

make sure to take measures to prevent these mites from

multiplying. ?ne method is a charcoal mi:ture put into

with the matting. 4his and other 0dani1 (the Japanese termfor mites) prevention products are sold near other ka"uto

mushi products. @ome "rave souls go as far as to pick the

mites oA the "eetle gently with a toothpick. Its de"ated

whether or not the mites will hurt the "eetle, "ut they are

yucky nonetheless and some may "ite humans.

B.


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dynastinae.docx

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