Methodology IIIJean Franco AranguizMariel Guzmán

Definition of dyslexia Types of dyslexia Signs/Symptoms and treatments Causes How common dislexia is Strategies Reality in Chile Video Conclusion

Index

To present the learning disability named “Dyslexia”. Stating definitions of the disability, and describing the different types of dyslexia, the symptons regarding this and a possible treatment.

To be aware of the reality in our country, giving some tips and helpful information to be able of handling this disability in the classroom

To realize how this disability is treated in our country in terms of what the Mineduc says and how Special schools work.

Objectives

A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. The severity can differ in each individual but can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders.

Dyslexia is sometimes referred to as a Language-Based Learning Disability.

Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling.

Dyslexia

Types of dyslexia In general, there are several types of dylexia

that may affect a child’s ability to both read and write.

Trauma Dyslexia: It occurs after some form or injury to the área of the brain that controls Reading and writing.

Primary Dyslexia: A dysfunction of the left side of the brain and it does not change with aging.

Secondary Dyslexia: It can be caused by hormonal development during the fetal development.

Reads slowly and painfully Experiences decoding errors, especially with the order

of letters Shows wide disparity between listening comprehension

and reading comprehension of some text Has trouble with spelling May have difficulty with handwriting Exhibits difficulty recalling known words Has difficulty with written language May experience difficulty with math computations Decoding real words is better than nonsense words Substitutes one small sight word for another: a, I, he,

the, there, was

Signs and Symptoms

Although dyslexia is a lifelong problem, a range of educational programmes and interventions are often effective in improving reading and writing skills in many children with the condition. Research has shown that the earlier appropriate interventions are adopted, the better.

Treatment

1) Trauma Dyslexia 2) Primary Dyslexia 3) Development of secondary Dyslexia

The exact cause of dyslexia is unknown, but it's seen more commonly in families.

Six genes have been identified that may be responsible for the condition, four of which affect the way the brain is formed during early life. Specialist brain scans (functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans) also show there is reduced function of one area towards the back of the brain, called the occipito-temporal cortex.

Causes

According to the Chilean Reality The number of children with this learning

disability varies from 5% to 12%. Moreover, this type of disability is more common in boys.

At 6 years old it is generally the age when Doctors have certainty to diagnose children with dyslexia. (the age when children begin to read)

How common is dyslexia

Provide a quiet area for activities like reading, answering comprehension questions

Use books on tape Use books with large print and big spaces between

lines Provide a copy of lecture notes Don’t count spelling on history, science or other

similar tests Allow alternative forms for book reports Allow the use of a laptop or other computer for in-

class essays Use multi-sensory teaching methods Teach students to use logic rather than rote memory Present material in small units

Strategies

Supports or changes in the classroom (accommodations)

Assistive technology can also help many students work around their learning disabilities. Assistive technology can range from “low-tech” equipment such as tape recorders to “high-tech” tools such as reading machines (which read books aloud) and voice recognition systems (which allow the student to “write” by talking to the computer

http://www.educarchile.cl/ech/pro/app/detalle?id=210458

Reality in Chile

Pros and Cons of Special Schools

Pros Cons

They provide students with individual attention that they would likely not receive in traditional schools.

Teachers in special schools are specially trained to deal with students with needs.

Special schools promote a sense of inclusión among the students.

They may have difficulty relating to others who are not like them, so they may feel outcasts.

Special schools often require parents to pay money that is out of their pocket for the child to attend.

This was written by a mother in NYC and sent to The Yale Center for Dyslexya & Creativity.

My son has dyslexia. He is now 4 and a successful lawyer, but getting through school, and his academic frustrations, was a challenge we all learned from. Once my husband and I understood the problem that was plaguing our highly verbal, crearly intelligent son, I found it very important to respond with a solution for any issue he raised...

Assign him a tutor for tackling any skill déficit. Finding a special school for special treatment and set

up to use his talents. This was not only to focus on the spelling errors, but also on his illegible handwriting and careless errors in math. …

The best things I did for my dyslexic child

According to the Chilean psychologist Amanda Céspedes, in an article written for Educarchile.

To motivate them to be in love with Reading (Stories that appeal to their interests)

 To ask them to read a text at their own rate, trying to comprehend what they are Reading.

To show interest about the text read, paying attention to the theme of the text rather than the mistakes.

To congratulate the children for their improvement on their Reading skills, also known as “Achievement Motivation”

Advices for Parents/Teachers

Video

In conclusion, dyslexia is prevalent in our society, though not well recognized or understood. It is a life-long condition, which affect both children in school and adults in their vocational and social environments. Families and physicians must be aware of resources that exist in their communities and on the Internet for adults with dyslexia and allow access of these resources to enable them to best compensate for their disability.

Conclusion

http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyslexic/definitions http://

www.nhs.uk/conditions/Dyslexia/Pages/Introduction.aspx

https://sites.google.com/a/neuropedhrrio.org/educacion/Home/dislexia

http://ldaamerica.org/types-of-learning-disabilities/dyslexia/

https://www.ghotit.com/2014/01/dyslexia-symptoms-causes-and-types-of-dyslexia

*http://dyslexia.yale.edu/parentsstories.html

Bibliography