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    ALI QADEER 08-01

    DYSPHAGIA IN

    ADULTS

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    What is dysphagia?

    Dysphagia is a medical symptom

    which means difficulty in

    swallowing any solid or liquid.

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    STAGESOFSWALLOWING.

    1. Buccal phase

    2. Pharyngeal phase

    3. Oesophageal phase

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    CAUSESOFDYSPHAGIAIN

    ADULTS

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    BUCCAL DYSPHAGIA

    Paralysis of the tongue

    Immobility of the tongue

    Diminished salivation

    Oral carcinomas

    G

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    PHARYNGEAL

    DYSPHAGIA

    Enlarged tonsilsMalignancies/tumors

    Plummer Vinsons syndromeGlobus HystericusImmobility of the larynx

    Ludwigs anginaParalysis of the constrictormuscles

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    ENLARGEDTONSILS

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    Less common conditions are:

    Neurotoxins (snake venom)

    RadiationAmyotropic lateral sclerosis

    OESOPHAGEAL

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    OESOPHAGEAL

    DYSPHAGIAAchalasiaCarcinoma or Gastric cardia

    External compression onesophagus

    Oesophagitis

    Hiatus herniaOesophageal stricture

    Oesophageal web

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    ESOPHAGEALSTRICTURE

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    ESOPHAGEALWEB

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    Head tumors are alsoone of the pathologywhich can causedysphgia in adults.

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    INVESTIGATION

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    Chest X-ray: to excludebronchial carcinoma

    Ogd (esophagogastroduodenoscopy ): tolook for the presence of anymass.

    EndoscopyModified barium swallow/fluoroscopy

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    ENDOSCOPY

    MODIFIED BARIUM

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    MODIFIED BARIUM

    SWALLOW

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    MODIFIED BARIUMSWALLOW

    It is the most acceptedprocedure for the assessment

    dysphagia. It is done by aRadiologist.

    A variety of food is given to

    patient and then an X-ray isused to provide information onthe transport of the bolus.

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    Problem area can be

    examined.

    Treatment can be planned.Best diet for the patient can be

    determined.

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    THANKYOU.


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