CJ ·:e 0

Prepared By:

LAWRENCE D. CLEMENT Farm Advisor Solano County Cooperative Extension 200-0 w. Texas Street Fairfield, CA 94533-4498

Telephone: (707) 429-6381

JACK P. ORR Farm Advisor Sacramento County Cooperative Extension 4145 Branch Center Rd. Sacramento, CA 95827

Telephone: (916) 366-2013

To simplify information, trade names of products have been used. No endorse-ment of named products is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products which are not mentioned.

9/84 3000c

The Umversity 01Cahforru.:i1nc_·omphance with the Civil Righh Actoi 1'lb4, Tille IX ollheEdUc.ilionArnendmentsol 1972,.indthe Keha?ilit.Jlion .\clof 197l_doesno1discrimi~.1e.on lhe l>.1sis of r.ire, ueed. religion. folor. nation.ii origin, 'i('l

PRODUCTION CGST STUDIES IN SACRAMENTO AND SOLANO CCJUNTY - 1984

GENERAL REMARKS

The following crop production studies represent an average cost estimate to assist ·growers in economic management of their individual enterprises. Individual line items per study rapreseY1t the average r"'egicina.l ccist tc1 acci:irnpl ish the task. Ire this study five maJor crops grown in the region were analyzed~ ~:'.llsc• iYtClttded ar·e cost c1f pr·oductior! estirnates of tt1ree. altet"l"rc"?.te cir- dctt..lble Ct"ops. Siric:e the tw•:r cc11..tr1ty regic1Y'1S e1•·1cc•r11pass bcith ~ineral and organic soil types, cost estimates are also provided fcir" ci::1.rn ar-1d wheat gi ..... c1111n··1 i:1n eittret"' .soi 1 type ..

The il"'1ter1t i:1f this st1Jdy is to s-upply grc."wers, ler1dir-1g institutions, consultants, chemical advisors, UC Farm Advisors, i1:r1d all iY';ter-·ested persoY1s with iY'1fc:1rmaticn•"l cc•r-1cet""'Y"1ir-1g pc1tel"'1tial return$ and line item cultural costs. Actual cost will vary from farm to farm and from grower to grower, due to different soil types, operational ·size, types of equipment used, rotational p;:itter.ns, salaries arid wages, water costs't etc,. P"r·•c1vided with each stu.dy is a bla.r1k cc1lun1n for· grower"s to ir-isert theit" l'.".JWl"~ cost for· each itern. The ccist estiri1.ates provided t'"'ep'r''eserit or1ly ar-,rttwtal cash cost for each crop~ Provided, but not included, in the total cash cost per acre is an estimate of the non-cash cost encouraged in the farming enterprise~

The authors wish to express gratitude to those growers, industry psn·"sorir-.el'I a.1'"Jd ir1terested ir"tdivi.duals '-".1hc1 ass:i.sted ir1 pri::1viciirrg cc•s.t ;.r1fot"r11ati1:1r1 arid review c.1f this st1Jdy.

PARAMETERS

Hypothetical F~rrn Operation

Canr1ir1g Tomatoes Whea>.t Sugar Beets Corn Alfalfa

TOTAL

Sa ff lower '. Gra i. n Sorghum

., P' j, Ytk. Bll!anm.

1

500 500 500 500 300

2300

300 30121 300

EQUIPMENT -- $750, 000 ir.vestmer,t ir' new equipment depreciated in 10 yearsD Intet"'est ra.tr.? at 121-."

PRODUCTION LOANS -- 11>·150, 000 .?

1984 SAMPLE COST TO PRODUCE CANNING TOMATOES

SOILS -- Tomatoes are grown on a wide va~iety of soil types .. Generally, soils must be free of salts, diseases, at least four

WEED CONTROL --- Tillam applied preplar1t i;ocorpm-ated will give good control of Y~ nutsedge, and fair control of hairy nightshade. Devrirtol arid Ti'"efmid wi 11 give good c;i:;)\''1t)"()}. c1·f f3-l"'1nu.al 1~i;eeds wher1 .applied pt"eplar1t incorpc•rated in ~ bar,d~ Tr•ef''rflid sho~~tld ricit be used with early plants, as root pruning will ·occu~ under cool conditions. T.,.....eflar1 will give goc1d cor-rtl'''OJ. c1f 8i'Yr1lla'.l. weed$ Wher-1 applied layby after thf1•1rdr-1g. Ti.llam shou.id be ir1corpm·ated 2.t-1all1:iw (1 .. 5 to 2 inches> ft:it"' cc1F1trc11 c1f hail""Y r1ightsl1ade; Bl"'1d ::1"1>eper

SAMPLE COST TO GROW CANlllilG TOMATOES

TYPE OF CROP •••••• • TOMATO, CAlUfl!!G YIELD PER ACRE •••• • 25 TOMS GROSS INCOME •••.•• • 706,250.00

NUl!BER OF ACRES ••••..•• = 500 MARKET VALUE PER TO!IS •• = 56.,5 GROSS UICO!HUACRE •••.•• ~ 1,412.50

EXP Ell SES

TYPE

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Chop Stubble Disc 2l< Plow Level Pl .. ne 2x Chiael 2i< Di"c 2x

22,360.00 ------ ... -

6,000.00 ---------15,000.00 --------16,500.00

__ ..,.._,_ _____ ................. _

37,500.00 _______ ,..

20,085.00 --------22,650.00 --------4,215.00 --------

H, 325 .00 --------17,250.00, --------5,310.00 --------

13,000.00 --------22,630.00 --------27,500.00 ---------21,475.00 --------18,000.00 -----'-'•-17,250.00 ----------------

200,1>90.00 ______ ,.._

Page 6

TYPE _.,. ____________ _

HARVEST

fruit Inapec:tion Assoc. Duaa CCTRI> R1113oc:ted l.oad111 li!ight Lighting Me1ch.l.n

GRAPH OF CROP EXPENSES CANN ING TOM.'\ TOES TYPE 00% IO'< 30%

IRRIGA'rION

CHEK!CALS

HARVEST

l.ABOR

DEBT SERVICE •••

CASH OVERHEAD

NON-CASH COSTS

7

1984 SAMPLE COSTS TO PRODUCE WHEAT ON MINERAL AND Pr::'.AT SOILS

PLANTING DATES - November 1 to January 1! Delta plantings a!S.late as February.

'1ARVEST DATES - J•Jne 20 - Aug•.tst L

VARIETIES - Anza, Volo, and other commercial vari6'ties.

3EEDING RATES - 100 to 125 lbs/ac dryland; 125 to 150 lbs/ac irrigated; up to 180 lbs/ac on peat soils planted late.

"ERT!LIZER - 100 lbllll/ac Nitrogen preplant; 100 to 130 lbs/ac 11-48-0 with seed as starter. Topdress 50 lbs/ac nitrogen in Jan-"eb follciwed by rairi. Use urea early in 15easoY1 and ammonium nitrate later when coY1ditions are warmer.

HlRIGl=!TION - Plant on beds for drair1

SAMPLE COST TO PRODUCE IJHEAT ON MINERAL SOIL

TYPE OF CROP •••••• • WHEAT/MINERAL VIEl.O Pl.ll!< ACRE. • • • • ';to 7 rmis GROSS INCOME ••• , •• : 168,750.00

TYPE

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Chop Stubbl& Di111e 2>< Plow Level Plan@ 2x Pre-II/Flt/Roll Liat lh11ds Plant/drill Seeci 050 1$/ecl Op0n/Clo111e Ditchea

TOTAL •o

!RRIGAT!Oll

Irrigation 21<

TOTAL n•

Cl!E!!IC/ILS

Aqu1i11/Pr·epl1111nt-N Herb. 12,4-01/alr Herb; CH01111on>lair Topdrae111-Nl~O#/air

Start. 11-48-0 100 Di-Syaton/A!r//lphi

'!'OT/IL OU

HARVEST

Truck Fuel Comt.111 Harveator Fuel Cos Hauling (~5.50/ton

TOTllL. @u

'

PER llCRE

o.s1 2.20 2.75 2.72 0.75 1.50 1.00

Hl.50 0.20

--------31.19

8.00

s.oo

23.51 S.36

26.22 14.50 14.00 18.86

--------105.45

1.00 2.50

14.85 ------~-

18.35

NUMBER OF ACRES •••••••• = MARKET \/AU.If. PER TONS •• • GROSS I!ICOME / llCRE •••••• •

500 125

337.50

TOTAL CHAllGES

285.00 --------1,100.00 --------1,375.00 --------1,360.00 --------

375.00 --------750.00 --------500 .• 00 --------

9,750.00 - .. ------100.00 --------

... --- ... -- ... 15,595.00 --------

4,000.00

4,000.00

11. 755.00 --------4,180.00 -------·

13,UO.OO ------ .. -7,250.00 --------1,000.00 ----·----9;430.00 ----------------

52,725.00 --------

soo.oo --------1,250.00

_,.. ____ .., ... 7,425.00 ------------- ... --S,175.00 --------

f/HEAT, MINERAL CONTINUED LABOR -w-- ... _.,, ______ .....

In·.tgation Cultoral (85/hr> Harveat/2 lllen Shop Mechanic Irrig. Drain Haint Open/Cloae Ditchaa

TOTAL Off ..

DEBT SERI/ICE ___ ,.._ ... ________ _

Intareet on Loan Interaat on Equip

TOTAL ua

CASH O\IERllEAD

Kgnt. Sel/9111n!fit11 Maint./Repdr11 Shere Rent

S;~MPLE COST TO PRODUCE WHi:Af CJ:I PEAT TYPE SOIL

TYPE OJf CROP ....... " \,;f!Ell'r/l:'Ef,1' '\'IELD PER ACRE •••• • 2. 7 'l'C!l

Trm::l\125.00

___ .,. ___ ,, 1,250.00 ---------~-~----

9,175.00 --------

265.00 ---·~~~----l, '3!95. 00

_____ ... __ 2,750.00 ~-------5,000.00 -~~-----4,97'.LOO ;...~--~---·~---~-«>-

1,,.,,,.,~,00 --------

11 ..

TYPE

OEBT SERVICE

Interest on Loan Int$reat on Equip.

TOTAL HR

CASH 01/ERl!EAD

Repairs/Maintainan Oifice/llgmt Exp. Mgmt. Ssl/B&nifits Taxe& on Equipment Emp. Sen!£it@I

1 '384 SAMPU·: COSTS TO PRODUCE SIJGAt< i3EE1'8

SOit_ REQUIREMENTS-~ Deep~ 'f"ertil~~ t.\!ell-dt"'a:it1ed SC.lil f.')f C1!"ganic err r:1ir1eral type~ ·rextu.re carr rar:ge fr::':l'm saridy loar(l tc• clay.. Avc1id hardp.;;m a.Yid claypan.

PLANTING DATES - February, wintered areas.

March, April; during May in over-

'JAIHET!ES - Plamt furnished by contracting sugar company~

SEEl.HNG RATES - For n1echaYdcal thi>w1ing, plant 2 inches apart. Thin r11echa\"'1ic@l l)l 100 to 15© plarits. per 100 feet of t-"O~~, n1:1t r11c1·r·e thaY-1 20 " doubles C•f' tt1re~ C•'!'"' mcr\"'"e plal"'its.. For s,yncrc1~~!C•US thiY1f'1E!t" plii!!t"it 2., 75 irlChE:'s; apiart.. Final sta:~d shr::11 •. ~ld equal 6 to ·7 inches betweer, pl.,.nts.

~JEED CONTROL - R•:>neet c•Y' Ti 11,;i,ro are available foY' preplar1t 1

SPECIAL PROBLEMS ANO CONTROL MEASURES Mildew: 40 lbl!l>/ii1c !iP~lf,.Ar >1her1 mildew first appears. Salts: Irrigate every other row c•r plant or1 slanted beds. Yellows• Beet 'free periods plus eliminaticm of carrier

plants; control of green peach aphid; plant in May i ,.., over·-w i ntered area5.

Nematc•des: Rc•tat ion f:i rst choice• fumigation secoY1d choice Insects• Armyworms, cutwc•r-ms, and dark.ling grouY1d beetles Poor Stamds: Maintain seedbed moisture, avoid severe wire.

wc•rm and darnpiY1g-off areas, use only trea.ted seed. Inadq•.

SAMPLE COST TO PF;Q!JUCE Sl!Gli.R BEETS

TYPE OF CROP •••••• • SUGllR ~FETS YIELD PER ACRE •••• • 26 TONS GROSS IllCOl'lE ...... = 476, 710 .00

TYPE

CULTURllL FUEL COSTS

Chop Stubble D1&1c 2:. Plow Lev .. ! Plan@ 2x Chisel 2x Dime ll! Spring Tth/RoU Float/iHngroll List b

!..11801'1 _ ... _____ .. ___ ,,.. __ .., Cultural Cl!i5/hr) Irrigation (t!l4/hrl Hanel Hoeing Shop !iech1am l. c:

TOTAL ~ ... DE!l'f SERVICE -..... -------~ .. ~-- ..

Int1H' t on l..01m

TOTAL ... CllSI! O\!ER!IEllD --- ... -- .. ·--- .. ,.., ___

Share Rent (2()%) O!Hc:.,/l'li_;ll

1984 SAMPLE COSTS TO PRODUCE CORN ON MINERAL AND PEAT SOILS

SOIL REQUIREMENTS - Fertile, mineral type.

well-drained soils of organic or

PLANTING DATES - March 20 to .Tune 20. Early plantings are deperodemt upon soil temperatures. Later or mid season plal'1t i Y-.gs are dependemt upon maturity groctpi,.-,gs.

HARVEST DATES - September 15 to Oct•:•ber 15.

VARIETIES - Superior perforMance of single cross hybrids the past few years has caused a rapid ch.;mge from the 4-way crosses. Consult yc.1ur local seed rep or· y6ur local LJC Fat"n1 Advieot... fc1r currerot variety recororoer1dati.ons adapted to your locat;.or1.

SEEDING RATES - 10 to 15 lbs/ac deper1dir1g on '5eed size, seed drop is usually 6-7 inches in the row resulting in stands of 24,000 to C':B,000 plar1ts/acre. Pop•~lations greater than 30,000 plants/acre have resulted in lodging.

FERTILIZER - Orgaroic soils, 2©il• lbs/acre 6-2121-20, or 30 gallor1s 8-24-6 -+·Zr1 a.s starter.. Cold wet soi ls iv1cr·•er'Jd$·e the r1eed fot"" nitroger1. Y-1itrogeY1 r1eeded. broadcast C• f CC1t"'Yl ...

Mi r1eral sc1i ls, pre-plant plus If potash levels arid disced ir1.

same starter fertllizars plus 100 lbs s i dedt"'13fS·:l er wat er-r-·t~n 50 b; sl -ac if' are low, l>fli0 lbs/ac should b"' applied Potassium increases the stalk strength

IRRIGATION- 2. 5 to ."3. 5 acre 1'eet r.•f water. On irrigate 3 t irnes; or) r11ir1eral soi 1 e - 9 irrigati1;.:1rrs var·iety arid gro11.;irrg teMperat.tn""feS.u Ear·ly irrigat iC".Jt"1 for high yields.

peat, s1..1.b-depend i "'9 or1 is esserit i a 1

WEED CONTROL Timely cu.ltivat.ion f'c.;• ''""tergrass arid brQadleaf' weeds.. 2,4-D dit"ected for escaped broadleaf or atrazirie + c1 'il early post-eniergel"1ce when weed;,; are less than 1. 5 inches tall. Sut an, Su·rpass., Lasso, Dua 1 arid Bl adexc in cc~~nb i nat i c1r1

DISEASE CONTROL -Sugat" Cal"le Mosi ac ~ cor-1t re'! Jc1hr·rsof"rgrass i '!'"1 surt"1:>ttr1d i Y1g

fields with Roundup. Root arid Stalk. Rots: Avoid plar1t s·tresses, use adapted

varieties. Fusarium E~r Rot: avoid ir~igation during calm, hot highly

humid weather during milk. and dough stage; use adapted varieti~s; do not allow fields to stress~

Head Smut: pr•::ovide favorable seedbed cond:i. t ior1s, use ad01pted VOlriet ies, rot01t ic•ns ar.d good weed control. Use same cor-1trc1l mea.sr.tres for Bc1i l Smi.tt ..

SAMPLE COST TO PRODUCE CORi~ ON MINERAL SOIL

TYPE OF CROP, ••••• • YIELD PER ACRE •••• • GROSS !MCOHE •••••• •

CORN/Mil!ERl\L 4.5 TO!iS

315,000.00

TYPE

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Stubbl Chop Diac 2x Plow Dim.c lx . Level Plana 2x l?re-N/£loat/roll Pre-!h11rb/D•.1-All Open/Cloae Ditchaa Hoat/RingroU Plant Float/Harrow/Roll Cultivate 2x/Sida-SOll8d Crn

lRRIGATIOll

TOTAL ••~

CHEll!CALS

Pre-N (150 lb&/GC) L&&mo/IU111i1U< Starter 8-24-G 209 Sevin 40 lba/ec Dy:fonate Kelthane or Coeite Sidedreae II 50 lb/

TOTAL o•

HARVEST

Truc:!

I

.1 , I

. I !

LABOR ----· - - ---- - .... -- -

Harvlil111t (2 aen > Cultur"l

SliMPLE COSTS TO PRODUCE CORN ON PEAT TYPE SOILS

TYPE OF CROP •••••• • YI ELD PER ACllE •••• " GROSS INCOME •••••• •

CORN/PEllT 4. 5 '!'Ol!S

315,000.00

NUll!l£R Of ACRES •.•••••• • MARKET VALUE PER TONS •• = GROSS !!ICOllE!~CRE •••••• •

500 140

630.00

l!XPlillS!!S

TYPE

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Stubbl• Chop Plow L .. v0l Plane 1x Winter Spud Ditch Pra-Harb./DuA111.6 Cul. th ate 2x Aqua application Sa!lld Corn DuAll Plant/Start

. EXPENSES CONTINUED, CORN ON PEAT SOILS

Int

1964 CCJST OF Pm:rnucT H:!N STUDY FOR f-lLFLAFA HAY

SOI\._ REQUIR~f?~t\fTS - De-G?p.,. wr.::1J~·"d1·"'atyH?d soils .. A>v'"i& r··o.i;::d; t'··c·t &.re suggest~d.. On heavy, p·•:-c1rly drai1"ied sc1i ls phytc,phtcira root rot becomes ver·y iroportant~

SEEDING Ri'lTES -· On good seedbeds ;?

SAMPLE COST 10 ESU1i1U:S.H i\U:1\l ... '/\ (FIR Si YEAR)

TYPE OF CROP •••••• • YIELD PER ACRE •.••• ~ GROSS INCOME •••••• •

llLFALFI\, rr EST 1 TONS

231,000.00

Tl'PE

CULTURAL. FUEL COSTS

Stubbl@ Chop Di&c 2x Plow DJ.Ilse 1l! L.@Yel Pl t Shape !lord.arm !!w /Ri "!Jit'oll noet/Ringroll Plsnt/11ir !!errow/Ringroll Se

IRR!GATIO!I ... C!IEMICfl! .. S

LABOR

70%•)

SftJ-!PLE COSTS TO PRODUCE ,!\LFM_rn (YE1~RS 2-5)

TYPE OF CROP •••.•• • YIELD PER ACRE •••• = GROSS I NCOlllL ••••• "

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

TOTAL o•

Irrigation 5,; Ditch Maintisnsnc~

TOTAL •o

CHEMICALS

Furadan/2pt11/air Tr0flan lOG/2#/air Poh..ah/grcnmd Paraquat/l qt/air Poa11t.11 qt/air

TOTAL *"*

HARVEST

Cuet.ora

TOTAL •••

L!IBOR

Irrigation

TYPE

CASH OVERllEl\D

Share Rent

1 9!F> COST TO PRODUCE DRY P 1 NK BEANS

SOIL REGIUIRMENTS -- Pir1k beal'•S preform best or, deep well drair1ed soils. Bei'r1g shallow r'i:.-:ioted, bf~il.1""1~.5 r.::ar-1 be crcwr1 or1 n1argiyial sc1il types with careful water mar1agemer1t.

PLANT DATES Usually frown as double crc•p following beets CMay> or wheat (.June). Due to harvest delays from fall rairts plant il'1g after July 4 is not suggested.

HARVEST DATES -- September 15 tc• October 15.

sugar early

VARIETIES bearis. )

Sutter or Gloria Pink. rous starter has shown s•:"11e ber1ifit on P deficient soils. Between 50 arid 80 lbs/ac 11-48-0 is s••fficiel'1t. Soroe growers report success with 50 to 75 lbs/ac nitrc•gem preplant, especially 'fc:

SAMPLE COSTS TO PRODUCE PINI< BEANS

TYl?F. or CROP •••••.• YIELD PER ACRE., •• s GROSS INCOME •••• ,.•

'!''lll?E

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Disc 2K Plow !..

TYPE

LABOR

Irrigation lfarvealt

TOTAL uo•

DEBT SERVICE

Interest on Loan Interest on Equip.

TOTAL •n

. CASH OVERHEAD

Sh~r• Rant Office?ligat. Exp. R&pairs/Mli!int. Te!!@® on Eql.ll.p. Esp. Benifits

. i

I

1984 SAMPLE COST TO PRODUCE SAFFLOWER

AREAS OF ADAPTATION - Mc•st .i.reil

SAMPLE COST TO PRODUCE SAFFLOWER

TYPE OF CROP ••••.• = YIELD PER ACRE.,.,# GROSS !llCONE •••••• =

SllFFLOWER

TYPE

CULTURAL FUEL COSTS

Stubble Chop Disc 2x Plow Iliac 2x Lavel Plane 2K Pre-plant Nitrogen Herb. Application Harrow/Ringroll 2x Floet/Ringroll Plant Seed Drain Heintainance

TOTAL *"' CHEMICALS

Nitrogen-150 lbs/a Traflan 1.5 pta/ac

TOTAL •••

llARVEST

!larveat .. r Hauling Coabine Hern!

TYPE·

DEBT SERVICE .·

Interest on Loan Interest on Equip.

'l'OTAL *"*

CASI! OVERHEAD

Share Rent (25%) O£fice/ll9~t. Exp. Repaira/Maint/ Taxes on Equip. Emp. Benifita

1984 SAMi:iLE COST TO PRODUCE 8FlAIN SORGHUM

SOIL REQUIREMENTS - On highly productive orgar1ic and mir1eral sc1i ls as wel I a:s deeper up la.rid soi ls~

PLANTING DATES between Jur:e 15 st1c1uld be over

- Ma:i.n season is May l.0 to June and July 15. Soil temperature G5F. Poor polinationcan occur

t emp~.t 1,.1ers be 1 ow 40F ..

HARVEST DATES - September 15 to December 15.

15; double "t planting from rdght

crop depth

t i r11e

VARIETIES- Check with your seed rep or local UC F"rrn Advisor for Ci..lrrer1t rscomroeYrdat ion-ts for your area ..

SEEDING RATES - Full season, 15 to 18 lbs/ac. varieties for late plantings, 8-25 lbs/ac.

Early maturing

FERTILIZER - Orgardc soils 30-45 lbs P205/acra. Mineral soils, st,,.rter with N< P< and K if soil is very P deficient, 100 to 150 l.bs N pre plant plus 30 to 45 lbs P205/acre.

Il'1.RHlATJ.ON - !. 5 to 2 .;,ere feet of water needed. On organic sc•i ls sub-.irrigate. On mineral soils sprinkle, flood or fl1rrow irrigate. Three to five irrigations needed.

WEED CONTROL -· Cultivate 2 to 4 times. 2, 4-D "'"Y be used for broadleaf w•:.;,ds. Atra:i:ir1e + oil is recommended for early post-emergence for both '"ater grass and bro0>dleaf weeds.

INSECT CONTROL Gre

SAMPLE COSTS TO PRODUCE Gf

LABOR ___________ .. ___ Cultur&l