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2- 2- Sedimentary rocksSedimentary rocks form from particles called sediments that pile up in layers. These sediments may be small rock fragments or seashells. Sedimentary rocks usually form underwater.
Sedimentary rock
OceanStream carrying sediment
Rock Rock NameName
Type of Type of SedimentSediment
Place of Place of FormationFormation
Sandstone Sand grains Shallow waters near a shore pounded by waves
Shale Clay particles Deep, calm ocean waters; lake bottoms
Limestone Tiny seashells Warm, shallow seas
Common Sedimentary Common Sedimentary RocksRocks
3- 3- Metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rocks are produced when either igneous or sedimentary rocks undergo a change in form caused by heat, pressure, or both.
IgneousRock
Metamorphic
Rock
Sediments
SedimentaryRock
Erosion
Deposition
Solidification
Melting
Burial andCementin
g
Metamorphism
Heat and/or
Pressure
II II Earth HistoryEarth History A- Interpreting Rocks= A- Interpreting Rocks= rocks
contain information about that area's past.
1-1-Sedimentary rocks indicates the area was once covered by water.
2-2-FossilsFossils in sedimentary rocks tell of past life and the environmental conditions
3-3- Horizontally layered sedimentary rocks are easy to interpret. The bottom layers are the oldest, youngest layers are at the top
OLDEST
YOUNGEST
INVASION OF IGNEOUS ROCK
FAULT
INASION OF IGNEOUS ROCK
PRESENT DAY
FOLDED ROCK
B-B-FossilsFossils remains or traces of organisms that lived long ago. 1-1-Fossils form when a dead plant, animal, or footprint in mud, is covered by sediment that later hardens into rock.
a-a-Almost all fossils are found in sedimentary rock
Trilobite
Brachiopod
CephalopodFootprint
C-C-Dating RocksDating Rocks To determine the age of rocks, scientists use a technique called
1~1~RadioactiveRadioactive datingdating.a.a. Rocks contain small amounts of
radioactive substances that change (decay) into non-radioactive substances at a definite rate. b. b. Using this technique, scientists have been able to assign dates to the Earth. c. c. Earth itself is about 4.5 billion years old.
2-2-Relative DatingRelative Dating:: Section of sedimentary rock oldest sediment is on the bottom and the youngest is on the top.
aa. It only tells us that one fossil is older than another.
Trilobite is an index fossil tells Trilobite is an index fossil tells about the age of the rock layer .about the age of the rock layer .