VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI - 590018

KARNATAKA

A project report

on

“E-ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED”

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING DEGREE

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

AASTHA ANAND 1DS12EC700

NISHANT SHRISTIRAJ 1DS12EC722

POOJA H B 1DS12EC723

RAHUL D G 1DS12EC727

Under guidance of

Dr. HARIPRASAD S A Mr. DRUVA KUMAR S Professor and Head, ECE Assistant Professor, ECE

DSCE DSCE

2014-2015

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DayanandaSagar College of Engineering

Bengaluru – 560 078

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bengaluru-560 078

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

2014-15

This is to certify that the project work entitled “E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND

DISABLED” carried out by Ms. AASTHA ANAND (1DS12EC700), Mr. NISHANT

SHRISTIRAJ (1DS12EC722), Ms. POOJA H B (1DS12EC723) and Mr. RAHUL D G

(1DS12EC727),the bonafide students of Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru in

partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelors of Engineering in Electronics & Communication

Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during year 2015-16. It is

certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in

the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies

the academic requirements in respect of Project Work prescribed for the said degree.

Mr. Druva Kumar S Dr. Hariprasad S A Dr. C P S Prakash Internal Guide Head of Department Principal

Dept. of ECE, DSCE, Bangalore Dept. of ECE, DSCE, Bangalore DSCE, Bangalore

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signaturewith date

1.

2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any

task would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose

proper guidance and encouragement has served as a beacon light and crowned our efforts

with success. We take an opportunity to thank all the distinguished personalities for their

enormous and precious guidance throughout the duration of this project.

We express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. C P S PRAKASH, Principal,

DayanandaSagar College of Engineering for providing an opportunity to do this project as

a part of our curriculum in the partial fulfillment of the degree course.

We would like to thank Dr. HARIPRASAD S A, HOD and guide, Department of

Electronics and Communication, DayanandaSagar College of Engineering for his never

ending co-operation and for providing us resources and all the encouragement for the

completion of our project.

We thank our guide, Mr. DRUVA KUMAR S, Assistant Professor, Department

of Electronics and Communication, DayanandaSagar College of Engineering for his

valuable guidance and all the encouragement leading us throughout the completion of our

project.We also thank the project coordinators Mrs. K N PUSHPALATHA, Associate

Professor and Mr. A RAJAGOPAL, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and

Communication, DayanandaSagar College of Engineering for their valuable suggestions.

We are indebted to all those who have directly or indirectly helped us in bringing

out this project satisfactorily in the specified duration.

AASTHA ANAND (1DS12EC700)

NISHANT SHRISTIRAJ (1DS12EC722)

POOJA H B (1DS12EC723)

RAHUL D G (1DS12EC727)

ABSTRACT

Lack of maneuverability in certain group of dependents and disabled people forces them

to spend a lot of time at home. In many cases this limitation bounds them within the four

walls of a specific room such as bedroom or living room in the house, where the security

of such dependent population becomes a matter of concern when they are alone. The

latest technology in home security and home automation serves the same but the digital

divide and lack of adaptation produces certain rejection in this population group. The

objective is to design a self-equipped home for augmenting the lives of elderly and

disabled through E- Assistance.

We are implementing an algorithm for speech processing, which captures the voice signal

using a microphone, and processes the captured speech. The hardware system is

developed using the PIC 16F877A controller and MP LAB IDE. The processed data is

sent from the speech processing unit to the controller to control the home appliances such

as lights, fans, geysers, etc. and an independent sensor network is provided which consists

of Gas, Smoke, Light and Temperature sensors. Any unwanted leakage of gas or smoke

will be detected; an alarm will be automatically raised and a SMS will be sent to the

registered mobile. A solenoid valve is provided which will cut-off the supply of gas

through the pipe of the cylinder, in case of gas leakage. The temperature sensor

automatically switches-on/off the fan in case the temperature goes above/below a pre-

defined threshold value. In addition to this, a light dependent resistor is incorporated to

ensure enough sunlight in the room and in that case the lights should be switched-off

which also ensures conservation of energy along with comfortable living. In this manner,

a secure and comfortable living environment is created for the elderly and disabled using

electronic assistance.

CONTENTS

Page No.

1. Introduction 1

1.1. Statement of problem 1

1.2. Objective 1

1.3. Motivation 2

1.4. Solutions 2

1.5. Report Organisation 3

2. Literature Survey 4

3. Methodology 7

3.1. Block Diagram 7

3.2. Working 8

4. Hardware and Software Components 9

4.1. Microcontroller Unit 9

4.2. MQ-6 Semiconductor Sensor for LPG/

MQ-4 for Natural Gas 24

4.3. LM35 Temperature Sensor 24

4.4. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 28

4.5. GSM Module 29

4.6. Voice Recognition Module 33

4.7. Piezo-electric Buzzer 35

4.8. Driver (ULN 2003A) and Relay 36

4.9. Solenoid Valve 39

4.10. Toggle Switch 42

4.11. LCD 16x2 43

4.12. Software Details 46

5. Results 48

6. Advantages, Conclusion and Future Scope 52 6.1. Advantages 52

6.2. Conclusion 52

6.3. Future Scope 53

References 54

Appendix A: List of Abbreviations 55

Appendix B: Regulated Power Supply Circuit Diagram

LIST OF FIGURES

3.1 GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………………………………………09

4.1 PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER MODULE.....................................................13

4.2 PIC16F877A PIN DIAGRAM……………………....................................................14

4.3 ARCHITECTURE OF PIC16F877A..........................................................................16

4.4 ADCON0 REGISTER…………………….................................................................19

4.5 ADCON0 BIT DESCRIPTION……………...............................................................20

4.6 ADCON1 REGISTER……………….........................................................................20

4.7 ADCON1 BIT DESCRIPTION……….......................................................................21

4.8 A/D RESULT JUSTIFICATION.................................................................................21

4.9 TXSTA- TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER.................................22

4.10 RCSTC- RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER..................................23

4.11 MQ-6/MQ-4 GAS SENSOR MODULE AND SENSOR DESCRIPTION...............24

4.12 WORKING OF MQ-6/MQ-4……………...…………………………………..……25

4.13 LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR............................................................................26

4.14 BASIC STRUCTURE OF LDR.................................................................................28

4.15 NEOWAY M660A GSM MODULE.........................................................................30

4.16 GSM MODULE BLOCK DIAGRAM……..............................................................31

4.17 EASY VS VOICE RECOGNITION MODULE………...........................................32

4.18 BUZZER INTERNAL CIRCUIT..............................................................................35

4.19 BUZZER MODULE .................................................................................................35

4.20 DRIVER AND RELAY MODULE………………...................................................36

4.21 ULN2003 PIN DIAGRAM........................................................................................36

4.22 DRIVER MODULE LOAD CONDITIONS.............................................................37

4.23 DARLINGTON AMPLIFIER...................................................................................38

4.24 AIR SOLENOID VALVE.........................................................................................39

4.25 BASIC WORKING OF SOLENOID VALVE………..……………………………40

4.26 TOGGLE SWITCH …………...................................................................................42

4.27 FRONT AND BACK OF LCD MODULE…………………...................................43

4.28 LCD INTERFACED WITH MICROCONTROLLER….........................................45

5.1 SNAPSHOT SHOWING INITIAL TEMPERATURE AND THE FAN IS

SWITCHED OFF………………………………………………………...........................48

5.2 SNAPSHOT SHOWING FAN IS SWITCHED ON ABOVE THRESHOLD

TEMPERATURE………………………………………………………………………...48

5.3 SNAPSHOT SHOWING BULB IS OFF WHEN SUFFICIENT SUNLIGHT IS

AVAILABLE…………………………………………………………………………….49

5.4 SNAPSHOT SHOWING BULB IS SWITCHED ON WHEN DARNESS IS

DETECTED BY LDR……………………………………………………………………49

5.5 SNAPSHOT SHOWING THE SOLENOID VALVE IS ON WHEN NO GAS

LEAKAGE IS DETECTED……………………………………………………………...50

5.6 SNAPSHOT SHOWING THE VALVE IS SWITCHED OFF AND A MESSAGE IS

SENT FROM THE GSM MODULE TO THE REGISTERED MOBILE NUMBER IN

CASE OF GAS LEAKAGE……………………………………………………………...50

5.7 SNAPSHOT SHOWING LOW SMOKE LEVEL…………………………………...51

5.8 SNAPSHOT SHOWING HIGHER SMOKE LEVELS AND A MESSAGE SENT

THROUGH GSM MODULE TO THE REGISTERED MOBILE NUMBER IN CASE

OF SMOKE DETECTION………………………………………………………………51

LIST OF TABLES

4.1 COMPARISION BETWEEN DIFFERENT MICROCONTROLLERS……….……11

4.2 PIC 16F87XA DEVICE FEATURES………………………………………………..12

4.3 PIN DETAILS OF PIC 16F877A……………………………………………………15

4.4 PARAMETERS OF NEOWAY M660A GSM MODULE………………………….32

4.5 LCD PIN DETAILS………………………………………………………………… 44