e commerce
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TRANSCRIPT
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Doing Business in the Information Age
John Corker
GENL0230
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What is e-commerce?
Includes:►Online business to business
transactions►Online business to consumer
transactions►Digital delivery of products and
services►Online merchandising►Automated telephone transactions
eg phone banking►EFTPOS and other automated
transfer systems
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Contracts
►Law of contracts►Issues for e-commerce
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Contracts - the basics
►Offer►Acceptance►Intention to enter legal relations►Consideration►Legal capacity►Genuine consent
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Offer
►Clear statement of terms►Person who makes it is prepared to be
bound►Not just an “invitation to treat”
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Acceptance
►Unqualified agreement to terms of offer►Express or inferred by conduct►Can’t be forced on unwilling person
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Time of creation of contract
►Contract formed at time and place the acceptance is communicated to offeror
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Termination orrevocation of offer
►Can be revoked prior to acceptance►Revocation must be communicated to
offeror
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Certainty
►Essential parts of contract must be clear and complete
►Courts may imply a meaning►Uncertain term can be “severed”
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Consideration
►Valuable consideration►Passing between parties to contract►Can’t be unlawful or immoral
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Intention
►Express►Inferred from the circumstances►Must be genuine consent - not obtained
under duress
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Capacity
►Age►Intellectual capacity
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Terms and conditions
►Express ►Implied
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Formalities
►Oral or written►Writing required under statute eg for sale of
land
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Practical concernsfor e-commerce deals
►Identity and capacity of seller or buyer►Authenticity of offer and acceptance (digital
signatures)► When and where contract formed►Governing law►Terms and conditions (click through)
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Practical Concerns for e-commerce deals(2)
►Agreement on electronic payment system
►Security of information exchanges►Consequences on breach►Storing electronic data to prevent
alteration
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Electronic Transactions Act
►Federal law with mirror State laws (NSW, VIC, WA)
►To remove obstacles to electronic transactions, communications, signatures and record keeping
►1 July 2001 applies to all federal laws unless exempted
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Electronic Transactions Act(2)
► Validates electronic transactions► Given in writing met electronically now
Govt can specify technology requirements Business requirement valid only with consent
► Signatures-parties free to agree on method► Production and retention of documents
Method must ensure integrity and accessibility► Time and place of dispatch and receipt of
communications
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Electronic Transactions(3)
Time of dispatch is when it enters the first information system outside control of sender
Time of receipt is when it enters an information system designated by the addressee for receiving it.
Place of dispatch and receipt taken to be respective places of business
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Electronic Transactions (4)
►Record keeping OK electronically if law says: Information to be recorded in writing A written document to be kept An electronic communication to be kept
►Records must be kept identifying origin, destination, time of sending and receipt of electronic communication
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Making a contract
►What terms do you want to include?►What risks are you trying to avoid?►How will disputes about contract be dealt
with?►What is the governing law?►Who will sign it?
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Setting up a business entity
► Sole trader► Partnership► Company► Trust
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Sole trader
►All profits►All losses►All liabilities►Own name or choose business name►Register business name
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Partnership
►Carrying on a business►In common►With a view to profit►Established by written agreement, oral
agreement or conduct
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Partnership
►Partnership Act 1892 (NSW)
►Corporations Law: Not more than 20 partners (except doctors, solicitors and accountants)
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Partnership
►Profit sharing
►Joint and several liability
►Fiduciary duties to partners
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Companies
►Corporations Act►Artificial legal entity►Liability of members can be limited
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Companies
►Constitution
►Directors duties
►Limits on raising money from the public
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Companies
►The “corporate veil”
►Lifting the veil: fraud, agency, paying more dividends than profit, incurring debts when company insolvent
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Companies
Form a company by:►Registering name►Lodge application with ASIC►Registered office►Names of directors and members
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Which structure?
►Where are you getting your money from?
►What is your risk/liability?►Who will be in control?►What are the ongoing costs?
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What is a domain name
►Human friendly form of an Internet address
►Actual address is an Internet Protocol (IP) number
►System globally administered by ICANN
►Generic top level domains (gTLDs) .com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .biz
►Country code top level domains (ccTLDs)
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Domain name registration in Australia
►open and closed domains ►open - .com, .org, .net, .info, .biz►closed - .gov, .edu, .mil, .museum►auDA administers .com.au space►to register in .au space must be a
commercial entity registered and trading in Australia..
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Domain Names (cont)
►Licensed on a first come-first served basis
►Domain Names never meant to confer property rights.
►Clash with Trade Marks.►auDA has a dispute resolution scheme
which applies to all domain names registered or renewed from 1 August 2002.
►ICANN has the UDRP for .com etc domains.
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Domain Names and other business identifiers
►Trade Marks►Personality Rights►Place Names►Tension with domain names
Reverse domain name hijacking cybersquatting