e-crash course biology · click here to buy 10th class physics e-crash course click here to buy...
TRANSCRIPT
Page | 1 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
e-Crash Course
Biology
Complete Course at a Glance for Class X
[Prepared strictly according to the latest syllabus issued by the Central Board of
Secondary Education, New Delhi for 2020 Examination of Class X]
ISBN 978-81-943778-0-1
By
Marks Adda Team of Experts
Ultra Creations Publications
Page | 2 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
CONTENTS
Preface to the First Edition
This book is an effort to provide basic concepts and explanations in a concise way. The topics
have been explained through the examples.
Some main features of this book are:
1. The language used in this particular book is simple, lucid and easily understandable by
the students.
2. Essential graphs and diagrams have been correctly drawn and labeled well.
3. The concepts and explanations are provided in a concise manner.
Improvement is a consistent process to make the things better. Ultra Creations will add more
values to this particular work regarding betterment and upgradation of content and quality in
further editions. Suggestions and feedbacks are always welcomed from teachers and students on
Page | 3 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
Copyright © 2019 Marks Adda
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in
any for or by any means, including photocopying, recording, uploading, scanning, sharing on
social media or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the written permission of the
publisher. For permission request write to [email protected]
Disclaimer:
The information provided in this book is to help the students preparing for the examination. All
efforts have been done to terminate errors in the content provided in this book. Neither the
publisher nor the author shall be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of
this information. Neither the publisher nor the author do not take any guarantee for any success
in the examination.
Jurisdiction:
The jurisdiction area for any legal dispute will be Nainital, Uttarakhand, India only.
Page | 4 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - Life Processes…………………………………….……………………….……5
CHAPTER 2 – Control And Coordination ………………………………………………13
CHAPTER 3 – How do Organisms Reproduce………………………………………..18
CHAPTER 4 – Heredity And Evolution ………………………………………………….22
CHAPTER 5 – Our Environment…………………………………………………………….27
CHAPTER 6 – Our Management of Natural Resources………………………….29
Page | 5 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
What is life processes ?
All biological processes that takes place in a human body and are essential for the
survival are known as life processes.
Types of life processes
NUTRITION
TRANSPORTATION
METABOLISM
RESPIRATION
REPRODUCTION
EXCRETION
What is Nutrition ?
Intake of food by an organisms and its utilization for the production of Energy.
Types of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic Nutrition
2. Heterotrophic Nutrition
1- Autotrophic Nutrition -
The mode of nutrition in which plants prepare their own food in the presence of
sunlight and chlorophyll.This process is knownas photosynthesis.
Chemical rxns occur during photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O Chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
1
LIFE PROCESSES
Page | 6 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
What actually is Control and Coordination ?
- When our body works in a systematic order we say it a controlled and a
coordinated form of body.
- The system of our body is so complexed but still our body works in a systematic way
that is called control and coordination .
Basic structural and functional unit of any system is cells.
ANIMALS – NERVOUS SYSTEM
Cells of nervous system is called Neuron (which is also called largest cell of our body)
Structure of Neuron
Structure of Neuron
It consists of 3 parts
a) Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Cell body
- Information acquired at the end of the dendrite tip of a nerve cell.
- Sets off a chemical Rxn that creates an electrical impulse.
- This impulse travels from dendrite to the cell body and then alone axon to its end.
- At the end of the axon the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals.
- These chemicals cross the gap or synapse & start a similar electrical impulse in a
dendrite of next Neuron.
Gustatory receptor detect taste olfactory receptor detect smell .
Page | 7 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
Reflex Action – These are quick, Spontaneous and autonomic response.
HUMAN BRAIN
Human Brain
Brain has 3 major parts
a. Forebrain
b. Midbrain
c. Hindbrain
a. FOREBRAIN – Main thinking part of the brain receives sensory impulse from
various receptors specialized for hearing, smell, sight.
b. MIDBRAIN – Involuntary actions of the body are controlled by mid brain and hind
brain.
Involuntary actions include blood pressure, Salivation. Vomiting are controlled by
the Medulla in the hind brain.
c. HIND BRAIN – Walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle are possible due to a part
of the hind brain called cerebellum – responsible for precision of voluntary action –
also maintain posture and balance of the body.
This page is intentionally hidden.
To read the full text buy E-Crash
of marksadda.com
Page | 8 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
COORDINATION IN PLANTS
Animals have nervous system for control and co-ordination but plants do not have such
nervous system.
Plants show two types of movements.
One dependent on growth.
Independent of growth.
Independent of growth includes sensitive plant- no growth is involved – plant just moves
its leaves in response to touch.
MOVEMENT DUE TO GROWTH
- Light or gravity change the directions of plants part.
- Shoot respond by bending towards light while roots respond by bending away from
it.
- Geotropism- Geo – means “ earth ‘’ & tropism means “ movement ’’ – the upward
and downward growth of shoots and roots in response to the pull of earth or
gravity is refered to as Geotropism.
Example of chemotropism – growth of pollen tubes towards ovules.
PLANT HORMONES –
Different plant hormones help to co-ordinate growth, development and responses to the
environment.
a. AUXIN – synthesized at the shoot tip of the plant – helps the cells to grow longer.
b. GIBBERELLINS – it also helps in the growth of the stem.
c. CYTOKININS – It promotes cell division. Such as in fruits and seeds.
d. ABSCISIC ACID – It inhibits / stops plant growth and also its effects include wilting
of leaves.
Page | 9 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
HORMONES IN ANIMALS –
a. Adrenaline – secreted from the adrenal glands – secreted directly into the blood
moves to different body parts – target organ includes heart – as a result heart beats
faster – resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles.
b. Thyroxin Hormone – Iodine is necessary for thyroid gland to make thyroxin
hormone, regulates carbohydrates, proteins and fat metabolism in the body.
c. Growth Hormone – secreted by the pituitary gland regulates growth and
development of the body deficiencyof this growth hormone leads to dwarfism in
childhood.
d. Testosterone – hormones responsible forchanges in male.
e. Oestrogen – Hormones responsible for changes in female.
f. Insulin – hormones produced by pancreas and helps in regulating blood sugar level.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF CONTROL AND COORDINATION
1. Name the receptors that will detect taste smell. Gustatory receptors detect taste
, olfactory receptors detect smell.
2. Gap between two neurons is called –synapse.
3. Name the part of brain which is responsible for precision of voluntary actions
and maintaining the posture and balance of the body –cerebellum.
4. Name the part of brain which is responsible for involuntary actions – mid
brain and hind brain .
5. Which is the main thinking part of the brain ?
Fore brain
6. Which part of human brain established a communication between central
nervous system and other parts of the body- peripheral nervous system
consisting of cranial nerves and spinal nerves arising from spinal cord.
This page is intentionally hidden.
To read the full text buy E-Crash
of marksadda.com
Page | 10 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
7. Name the there major parts of brain ?
Fore brain, mid brain and hind brain .
8. Name the hormone which is responsible for the growth of shoot in plants-
Auxin.
9. Name the hormone which promote cell division – Cytokinins .
10. Name the hormone which inhibit growth of plants and also include wilting of
leaves – Abscisicacid .
11. Name the hormone which is responsible for heart beat fastening and also the
supply of more oxygen to our muscles- Adrenaline hormone secreted by adrenal
glands .
12. Which hormone regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism in body
–Thyroxin hormone .
13. Which synthesis thyroxin- Iodine
14. Name the hormone which is produced by the pancreas and helps in
regulating blood sugar levels-Insulin .
15. Deficiency of which hormone leads to dwarfism in childhood- Growth hormone
secreted by pituitary
Page | 11 CBSE Biology Class 10th https://www.marksadda.com/
Thanks for downloading and reading the sample.
Best Wishes for the examination!
More Buying Options
Click here to buy 10th Class Physics E-Crash Course
Click here to buy 10th Class Chemistry E-Crash Course
Click here to buy 10th Class Biology E-Crash Course
Click here to buy 10th Class Maths E-Crash Course
Click here to buy 10th Class Combo (PCMB) (on 25% Discount)