e-learning: old wine, new bottle?
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E-Learning: Old Wine in a New Bottle?
Mark Bullen
Expo E-Learning, Barcelona
March 20, 2009
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Main Point
E-Learning is not newhistory is important
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What is E-Learning?
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Looking to the Past
Much of what we think is new is not
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Looking to the Past
John Dewey (1859-1952) Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Constructivism
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Looking to the PastLearner-centered education
Socrates Confucius
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Looking to the Past
E-learning and distance educationHas its roots in distance educationDates back to the 1700s correspondence educationAudiovisual devices - early 1900sEducational television - 1960sEffective course development model
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History: Pre-Internet
Early online learningComputer-mediated Communication (CMC)Collaboration, knowledge construction
Many-to-many communication, time and place independence
Asynchronous text-based communication as a facilitator of collaboration, knowledge construction
(Harasim, 1990; Harasim et al., 1995)
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History: The Internet Era- Web 1.0
Internet, course management systems (CMS) changed our understanding of online learning
CMS not about communication, collaboration, knowledge construction
CMS about efficient distribution of contentTeacher-centered Internet as a delivery mechanism
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History: The Internet Era - Web 2.0
A return to the pre-Internet era?
Architecture of presentation
Architecture of participation
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History: The Internet Era - Web 2.0
Harnessing the potential of easy to use tools
Facilitating collaboration, production
User-generated content
Openness
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E-Learning Today
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E-Learning 10 years ago
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Education in the New Millenium
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E-Learning Today
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E-Learning Today
Dominant instructional design model information transmission supported by asynchronous
online “discussion”
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Blogs
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Wikis
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Social Bookmarking
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Virtual Worlds
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…..casting
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Synchronous Communication Tools
Web conferencing
Instant messaging
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E-Learning Today
But are these tools changing the dominant instructional design paradigm?Online delivery remains primarily text-based,
information delivery Constructivist, collaborative, online knowledge
building community is rareTechnology still largely being used to replicate earlier
modes of teaching - the electronic classroom
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The Future
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The Future
Radical change or status quo?
Technology is changingContinuing development of Web 2.0
Learners are changing…we think
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Learner Changes
Net generationBorn after 1982Never know life without the Internet
CharacteristicsDigitally literateConnected ImpatientExperiential
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Learner Changes
Characterstics of Net generationSocialTeam playersNeed for structureVisual and kinesthicNeed for interactivityCommunity minded
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Learner Changes
How accurate is this portrayal?
Different social and technological context
BCIT research
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Learning 2.0
• Focus on learning processes
• Focus on communication & interaction
• Co-developed with learners & instructors shaping the design
• Customized/personalized
• Focus on knowledge & understanding
• Learner-paced
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Learning 2.0
Collaborative: one to many, many to many
Feedback rich
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Technology 2.0
Less reliance on enterprise solutions
The web as platform
Easy to use, free, often open, tools
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Personal Learning Environments
“A facility for an individual to access, aggregate, configure and manipulate digital artifacts of their ongoing learning experiences.” - Ron Lubensky
http://members.optusnet.com.au/rlubensky/2006/12/present-and-future-of-personal-learning.html
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Concluding Comments
E-learning is not as new as we think
Current e-learning practice is fairly conservative
Changing technology, changing learners
Heterogeneity of learners
Check assumptions
Technology potential not always realized
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ReferencesBates, A.W. (2000). Managing Technological Change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamelia, M. Catching the Third Wave. Queen's Education Letter, Issue #2: Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning
Bullen, M. & Janes, D. (Eds.)(2007). Making the Transition to E-Learning: Strategies and Issues. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.
Harasim, L. (1990). Online Education: An Environment for Collaboration and Intellectual Amplifcation. In L. Harasim (Ed.), Online Education: Perspectives on a New Environment (pp. 39-64). New York: Praeger.
Harasim, L., Hiltz, S., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. (1995). Learning Networks: A Field Guide to Teaching and Learning Online. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Oblinger, D.G. & Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. Available at http://www.educause.edu/EducatingtheNetGeneration/
Sinclair, G., McClarin, M. & Griffin, M.J. (2006). E-Learning and Beyond. Discussion paper prepared as part of the Campus 2020 process for the Ministry of Advance Education.
Zemsky , R. & Massy, W.F. (2004). Thwarted Innovation: What Happened to E-learning and Why. The Learning Alliance.