each unit will carry 2 questions. students are required to...

CBCS Syllabus of PG- Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College

COURSES OF STUDIES FOR THE M.SC EXAMINATION IN

CHEMISTRY & APPLIED CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER- I and II

SEMESTER- III and IV

The two year course in M.Sc in chemistry/Applied Chemistry shall comprise four

semesters. There shall be sixteen theory papers, four practical papers and one

dissertation. Each theory paper shall carry 20+80 marks. Each practical paper shall carry

100 marks. The dissertation carries 100 (60+25+15) marks. The dissertation is expected

to carry out under the supervision of a faculty member of the Department.

Each theory paper shall carry four units. Questions will be set unit wise.

Each unit will carry 2 questions. Students are required to answer 4

questions with one question from each unit. The paper will comprise both

subjective and short type. Problem oriented approach should be there.


PG DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

[Structural Organisation of CBCS syllabus]

FIRST SEMESTER

Course Code

Title of the paper Credits Max. Marks

Total

End-Sem. Mid-Sem. CC-101 Inorganic Chemistry-I 04 80 20 100

CC-102 Organic Chemistry-I 04 80 20 100

CC-103 Physical Chemistry –I 04 80 20 100

CC-104 Organic spectroscopy-I 04 80 20 100

CC-105

Practical –I

06

100

-

100

Total 22 420 80 500

SECOND SEMESTER

Course Code


Total

End-Sem. Mid-Sem.

CC-201 Inorganic Chemistry-II 04 80 20 100

CC-202 Organic Chemistry-II 04 80 20 100

CC-203 Physical Chemistry –II 04 80 20 100

CC-204 Analytical Chemistry-II 04 80 20 100

CC-205

Practical –II

06

100

-

100

Total 22 420 80 500

THIRD SEMESTER

Course Code


Total

End-Sem. Mid-Sem. CC-301 Physical spectroscopy 04 80 20 100

CC-302 Organic Chemistry-III 04 80 20 100

CC-303 Bioinorganic and supramolecular Chemistry

04 80 20 100

CC-304 Solid state Chemistry 04 80 20 100

CC-305

Practical –III

06

100

-

100

Total 22 420 80 500

FOURTH SEMESTER

Course Code


Total

End-Sem. Mid-Sem. CC-401 Environmental & Analytical

Chemistry 04 80 20 100

CC-402 Polymer Chemistry 04 80 20 100

CC-403 Organic synthesis & Biomolecules 04 80 20 100

CC-404 Practical- IV 06 100 - 100

CC-405 Disertation or Project 04 100 - 100

Total 22 440 60 500

Grand Total: 88 Credits 2000 Marks


FIRST SEMESTER

CC- 101: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I

Unit-I, Metal-Ligand Bonding: Crystal-Field Theories: Limitation of Crystal Field Theory,

Molecular orbital theory for Octahedral, Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes, σ and π

bonding in Molecular Orbital Theory. Application of MOT to Correlation diagrams.

Unit-II, Metal -Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Stepwise and Overall formation constants and

their interaction, trends in stepwise constants. Factors affecting the Stability of metal

complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand. Chelate effect, Macrocyclic

effect and its thermodynamic origin. Determination of Binary Formation Constants by pH-

metry and Spectrophotometry.

UNIT-III Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes (Part-A): Energy profile of a

reaction, Reactivity of metal complexes, Inert and Labile complexes, Kinetic application of

Valence Bond and Crystal field theories, Kinetics of Octahedral substitution, Acid hydrolysis,

Factors affecting acid hydrolysis and base hydrolysis, Conjugate base mechanism, direct and

indirect evidences in favour of conjugate base mechanism.

UNIT-IV Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes (Part-B): Anation reactions, k-

exchange, reaction without metal ligand bond cleavage. Substitution reactions in square

planar complexes. The trans effect, mechanism of one electron transfer reactions, Outer

sphere reactions, Marcus-Hush Theory, Inner sphere type reactions.

Books and References:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text: F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, John Wiley.

2. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity: J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter and R. L. Keiter, Addition Wisley Publishing Company.

3. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds.: G. Wilkinson, R. D. Gillars and J A McCleverty, Pergamon. 4. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: F.A.Cotton,G.Wilkinson,C.A..Murillo and M.

Bochmann,John Wiley and Sons


C.C-102: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- I

UNIT-I Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity:

(a) Types of mechanism, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic

and thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate, Curtin - Hammett principle. Potential

energy diagrams, transition states and intermediates, methods of determining mechanisms,

isotope effects. Hard and soft acids and bases.

(b) Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals.

Carbenes and nitrenes. Effect of structure on reactivity: resonance and field effect, steric

effect, quantitative treatment. The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationships,

substitutent and reaction constants. Taft equation.

UNIT-II (a) Aliphatic Nucleophilic substitution:The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2 and SET

mechanisms. The neighbouring group mechanism, neighbouring group participation by σ and

π bonds, anchimeric assistance. Classical and nonclassical carbocations, phenonium ions,

norbornyl system, common carbocation rearrangements. Application of NMR spectroscopy in

the detection of carbocations.

The SN1 mechanism: Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and a vinylic

carbon. Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and

reaction medium, phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound, ambident nucleophile,

regioselectivity.

(b)Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution

Bimolecular mechanisms (SE2) and SEi. The SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution accompanied by double bond shifts. Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity.

UNIT-III (a) Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SNAr, SNi benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms.

Reactivity-effect of substrate structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles rearrangements.

(b) Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The areniun ion mechanism, orientation and

reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The ortho/para ratio, Ipso attack, orientation in other ring

systems. Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles. Diazonium

coupling, Vilsmeier reaction, Gattermann- Koch reaction.


UNIT–IV (a) Free Radical Reactions: Types of free radical reactions: Free radical substitution,

mechanism, mechanism at an aromatic substrate, neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity

for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead. Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The

effect of solvents on reactivity. Allylic halogenation (NBS), oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic

acids, auto-oxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazonium

salts. Sandmeyer reaction, free radical rearrangement, Hunsdiecker reaction.

(b) Elimination Reactions: The E2, EI and E1cB mechanisms. Orientationof the double

bond. Reactivity: Effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and

the medium. Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination.


1. Organic chemistry: J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxford University Press. 2. Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanism and Structure: Jerry March. John Wiley and Sons. 3. Advanced Organic Chemistry: F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg. Plenum. 4. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry: Peter Sykes, Longman/Pearson Education. 5. Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry: C. K. Ingold. Cornell University Press.

6. Organic Chemistry: R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd. Prentice Hall/Pearson Education. 7. Modern Synthetic Reactions: Second Edition, H. O. House, Benjamin, Menlo Park, 1972.

8. Principles of Organic Synthesis: R. O. C. Norman and J. M. Coxon. Blackie Academic and

Professional / CBS Publishers.

9. A logical Approach to Modern Organic Chemistry: Dr. Jagdamba Singh and Dr. S. Anandvardhan. Pragati Prakasan.

10. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry: S. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Macmillan.

11. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanism: B. Miller and R. Prasad. Pearson-Education.

12. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: D. Nasipuri, New Age International. 13. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: P. S. Kalsi, New Age International. 14. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen. John Wiley. 15. Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism: P. S. Kalsi, New Age International


C.C-103: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I

UNIT-I Quantum Chemistry: The Schrodinger equation and the postulates of quantum

mechanics. Discussion of solutions of the Schrodinger equation to some model systems viz.

particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor, the hydrogen atom.

Approximation Methods: The Helium atom. The variation theorem, linear variation principle,

Perturbation theory (first order and non-degenerate). Applications of variation method and

perturbation theory to the Helium atom.

UNIT-II Electronic Structure of Atoms: Multielectron atom. Electronic configuration. Russell-

Saunders terms and coupling schemes, magnetic effects: spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman

splitting.

Molecular Orbital Theory: H2+ and H2 molecules: Valance bond theory (VBT) and molecular

orbital theory (MOT) approaches. Homonuclear and Heteronuclear diatoms. Huckel theory of

conjugated systems, bond order and charge density calculation. Applications to ethylene,

butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical, and cyclobutadiene.

UNIT-III Classical Thermodynamics: Brief resume of concepts of laws of thermodynamics,

entropy and free energy. The concept of chemical potential and partial molar properties;

partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat content and their

significance. Determination of these quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination of

fugacity. Activity, activity coefficient, Debye-Huckel theory for activity coefficient of

electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and activity coefficients, ionic strength.

UNIT–IV Statistical Thermodynamics: Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and

most probable distribution. Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging, Canonical,

grand canonical and microcanonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using

Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers)

Partition functions-translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions,

calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of partition function. Fermi-Dirac statistics,

distribution law and application to metal. Bose-Einstein statistics - distribution law and

application to helium.


1. Atkin's Physical Chemistry: P. W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, Oxford University Press

2. Introductory to Quantum Chemistry: 4th Ed., A. K. Chandra, TataMc Graw Hill.

3. Quantum Chemistry: Ira N. Levine, Prentice Hall.

4. D. A. McQuarrie and J. D. Simon, Molecular Thermodynamics, University Science


Books, California 2004.

5. R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross, Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford

University Press, Oxford 2007.

6. D. A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics, University Science Books, California

(2005).

7. B. Widom, Statistical Mechanics - A Concise Introduction for Chemists,

Cambridge University Press 2002.

8. D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, Oxford University Press

1987.

9. Physical Chemistry Vol-II: .K. L. Kapoor, Mcmillan Publication.

10. Statistical Thermodynamics: M. C. Gupta, New Age Pvt Publication..


C.C-104: ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT-I (a) Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy: Various electronic transitions, Beer

Lambert law, effect of solvent on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl

compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes, Fieser-

Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet spectra of

aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, steric effect in biphenyls.

(b) Infrared spectroscopy: Instrumentation and sample handling, characteristics vibrational

frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols

and amines, Detail study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones,

aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, amides, acids, anhydrides, lactones, lactams, and

conjugated carbonyl compounds), Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on

vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi resonance, FTIR, IR of

gaseous, solid and polymeric materials.

UNIT II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR): General introduction and

definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism, mechanism of

measurement, chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon

(aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic, and aromatic compounds) and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols,

enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, and mercapto), chemical exchange, effect of

deuterium, complex spin-spin interaction between two, three, four and five nuclei (first

order spectra), virtual coupling, stereochemistry, hindered rotation, karplus curve-variation

of coupling constant with dihedral angle, simplification of complex spectra, nuclear

magnetic double

Resonance, NMR shift reagents, solvent effects, Fourier transform technique, nuclear

overhauser (NOE). Resonance of other materials.

Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy: General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic,

alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carbonyl carbon), coupling constants. Two dimension

NMR spectroscopy – COSY, NOESY, DEPT, APT and INADEQUATE techniques.

UNIT III Mass spectrometry: Introduction, ion production – EI, CI and FAB factors affecting

fragmentation, ion-analysis, ion analysis, ion abundance, mass spectral fragmentation of

organic compounds, common functional groups, molecular ion peak, metastable peak,

McLafferty rearrangement, nitrogen rule, high resolution mass spectrometry, examples of

mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds with respect to their structure

determination.


UNIT IV: Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Molecules: Identification of organic

compounds using modern techniques like UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (DEPT, COSEY, NOSEY)

& Mass spectrometry.

Books and References

1. Silverstein, R. M.; Webster, F. X. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds; 6th / ed.; Wiley: New York, 1998.

2. Lambert, J. B; Shurvell, H. F, Organic structural spectroscopy, Prentice Hall, 1998. 3. Kemp, W. Organic spectroscopy; 3rd ed.; Macmillan Education: Houndmills, Basingstoke,

Hampshire, 1991. 4. Levitt, Malcolm H.; Spin Dynamics-Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Second edition;

John Willey & Sons Ltd. 5. Application of absorption spectroscopy of organic compound- J.R Dyer. 6. Organic spectroscopy – Jag Mohan. 7. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds-P.S. Kalsi


CC – 105: PRACTICAL-I (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

Inorganic Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis of mixtures containing not more than six radicals (organic acid radicals

excluded). Any one of the following rare earth metal ions may be included: Molybdenum

(Mo), Tungsten (W), Titanium (Ti) and Vanadium (V). Mixture should preferably contain

interfering anions [(CO32-, SO3

2-), (Cl-, Br-,I-), (NO3-, NO2

-), (NO3-, NO2

-, Br-, I-), (PO43-, AsO4

3-,

AsO33-), (SO4

2-, SO32-, S2O3

2-, S2-)]. Insoluble components like: BaSO4, SrSO4, PbSO4, CaF2, Al2O3

may be included.

Reference Books

1. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, by I. G. Vogel.

2. An Advanced Course of Practical Chemistry, Nad, Ghosal & Mahapatra, Central

Publisher (2000).

3. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Ed. Revised by G. Svehela, 4th Ed,

Person (2007).


SECOND SEMESTER C.C-201: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II

UNIT-I Stereochemistry and Bonding in main group compounds

VSEPR, Walsh diagram (tri molecules), dz-Pπ bonds, Bent rule and energetic of hybridization, some simple reactions of covalently bonded molecules.

UNIT-II Symmetry and Group Theory

Symmetry elements and Symmetry operation, Groups and Subgroups, Symmetry point group. Schonflies symbols, Matrix representations of groups. Character of a representation. The Great Orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character tables and their

uses. Derivation of character table for C2v , C3v.

UNIT- III Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes.

Spectroscopic ground states, correlation, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1 –d9 states), calculations of Dq, B and parameters, charge transfer spectra, spectroscopic method of assignment of absolute configuration in optically active metal chelates and their stereo-chemical information, anomalous magnetic moments, magnetic exchanges coupling and spin crossover.

UNIT IV Metal π-Complexes

Metal Carbonyls, Structure and bonding, Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls, preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyls, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes, tertiary phosphine as ligands.

Metal Clusters

Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarboranes. Metal carbonyl and halide clusters, compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds.

Books Recommended:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, M. Bochmann, C. A. Murillo, G. Wilkinson, 6th Ed., Wiley India (2007).

2. Inorganic Chemistry, J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, O. K. Medhi, 4th Ed., Pearson Education (2006).

3. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N B .Greenwood and A.Earnshow, Pergamon. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P.Lever, Elsevier. 5. Magnetochemistry, R.L.Carlin, Springer Verlag. 6. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds., G.Wilkison, R.D.Gillars and


J.A.McCleverty, Pergamon. 7. Elements of Magneto Chemistry, R. L. Dutta, A. Syamal; 2nd Ed. East West Press Pvt

Ltd (2009). 8. Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 5; Asim K. Das, CBS

Publisher.(2015). 9. Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 6; Asim K. Das, CBS Publisher,

2nd Ed (2013).

10. Organometallic Chemistry, R.C. Mehrotra & A. Singh, New Age International, 2nd Ed (2013).

11. Inorganic Chemistry, C. L. Miessler, D. A. Taff, Pearson, 3rd Ed. 2004.


CC-202: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT-I (a) Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules:Delocalized chemical bonding:

conjugation, cross conjugation, resonance, hyperconjugation, tautomerism. Aromaticity in

benzenoid and nonbenzenoid compounds, alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons.

Huckel’s rule, energy level of π-molecular orbitals, annulenes, antiaromaticity, ψ-aromaticity,

homoaromaticity, Fullerene (C60)

(b)Stereochemistry: Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins, effect of conformation on reactivity, conformation of sugars, steric strain due to unavoidable crowding.

Elements of symmetry, chirality, molecules with more than one chiral center, threo and

erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity, enantiotropic and diastereotropic

atoms, groups and faces, stereospecifjc and, steroselective synthesis. Asymmetric synthesis.

Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes), chirality due

to helical shape. Stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and

phosphorus.

UNIT–II (a) Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and stereochemical

aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, selectivity,

orientation and reactivity, Electrophilic cyclization, Baldwin’s rule. Hydrogenation of double

and triple bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration, Michael reaction. Sharpless

asymmetric epoxidation.

(b)Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds: Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of

saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids, esters and nitriles. Addition of

Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and unsaturated

carbonyl compounds. Wittig reaction.

Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates, Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions.

UNIT-III Pericyclic Reactions: Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3-

butadiene, 1, 3, 5 – hexatriene and allyl system. Classification of pericyclic reactions.

WoodWard –Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and PMO approach. Electrocyclic reactions,

conrotator and disrotatory motions; 4n, 4n+2 and allyl systems. Cycloadditions, antarafacial

and suprafacial additions; 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition of ketenes. 1, 3 - dipolar

cycloadditon and cheletropic reactions. Sigmatropic rearrangements - suprafacial and

antarafacial shifts of H, sigmatropic shifts involving carbon moieties, 3, 3 - and 5, 5 sigmatropic


rearrangements: Claisen, Cope and aza-Cope rearrangements. Fluxional

tautomerism.,Enereaction.

UNIT- IV (a) Oxidation: Introduction, different oxidative processes, hydroborations alkanes,

alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H groups (active and unactivated), alcohols, diols,

aldehydes, ketones, ketals, and carboxylic. Amines, hydrazines and sulphides, Oxidation with

ruthenium tetraoxide, iodobenzene diacetate and thallium III) nitrate, oxidation with IBX,

Dess-martin periodinane, PDC (Pyridinium Dichromate), PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate).

Swern oxidation.

(b) Reduction: Introduction: Different reductive processes, hydrocarbons-alkanes, alkenes,

alkynes and aromatic ring, Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes, ketones, acids and their

derivatives. Epoxides, Nitro, nitroso, azo, oxime groups, hyrogenolysis, Clemmenson’s

reduction,Wolff kishner reduction & Luche reduction.


1. Organic chemistry: J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxford University

Press.

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanism and Structure: Jerry March. John

Wiley and Sons.

3. Advanced Organic Chemistry: FA Carey and RJ. Sundberg. Plenum.

4. Photo Chemistry and Pericyclic Reactians: Jagdamba Singh and Jaya Singh, New Age

Internatianal.

5. Pericyclic Reaction – Ian fleming; Oxford University Press.

6. Conservation of Orbital Symmetry- A.J. Bellamy, Longman.

7. .Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry – S.M. Mukharjee & S.P. Singh & S.K.

Bhattacharjee Macmillan.

8. Organic Chemistry – R.T.Morrison, R.N. Boyd, Macmillan- Prentic – Hall.

9. Organic Reactions and their mechanisms- P.S. Kalsi, New Age Internationa


C.C-203: PHYSICAL CHEMISTR Y- II

UNIT-I Phase Diagram: Phase behavior of one and two component systems (solid-solid, solid-

liquid, solid-vapor, liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor equilibrium). Ehrenfest classification of phase

transitions.

UNIT–II Chemical Dynamics : Potential energy surfaces. Collision theory of reaction rates,

Conventional transition state theory (CTST); CTST as applied to ionic reactions, kinetic salt

effects. steady state kinetics. Kinetic and thermadynamic control of reactions. Treatment of

unimolecular reactians. dynamics of unimolecular reactions (Lindemann- Hinshelwood and

Rice Rampsberger - Kassel Marcus (RRKM) theories of unimolecular reactions).

Dynamics chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition

of ethane), photochemical (hydrogen -bromine and hydrogen - chlorine reactions) and

oscillatory reactions (Belousov- Zhabotinski reaction), homogeneous catalysis, kinetics of

enzyme reactions. General features of fast reactions, study of fast reactions by flow methods,

relaxation methods, Flash photolysis. Dynamics of barrier less chemical reactions in solution.

UNIT-III Surface Chemistry: (a) Adsorption: Surface tension, capillary action, pressure

difference across curved surface (Laplace equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin

equation). Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of surface area (BET equation), surface films

on liquids (Electrokinetic phenomenon), catalytic activity at surfaces.

(b) Micelles: Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents, micellization,

hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentraion (CMC), factors affecting the CMC

of surfactants counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization, phase

separation and mass action models, solubilization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles. UNIT: IV Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel–Onsager treatment and its extension, ion solvent interactions. Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum model. Solution of strong electrolytes. Debye-Huckel theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and activity coefficients; ionic strength. (c)

Thermodynamics of electrified interface. Derivation of electro-capillarity, Lippmann equations (surface excess), methods of determination. Structure of electrified interfaces, Helmltoz-Perrin, Guoy–Champman, Stern models. (d) Over potentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler– Volmer equation, Tafel plot. Polarography theory, llkovic equation; half wave potential and its significance, Cyclic voltametry. Introduction to corrosion, homogenous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.


Books Recommended

1. Physical Chemistry, P.W.Atkins and J. D. Paulo, Oxford, 2013, 10th edition New Delhi.

1. Physical Chemistry, T. Engel and P. Reid, Pearson, 2006, 1st edition, New Delhi. 2. Physical chemistry of the surfaces, A.W. Adamson and A.P. Gast, John Wiley, 6th edition,

1997, New York.

3. Adsorption and Catalysis, D.K. Chakraborty, 1st edition, 1992, Narosa, New Delhi. 4. Surfactants and Polymers in aqueous solution, Krister Holmberg, Bo J¨onsson, Bengt

Kronberg and Bj¨orn Lindman, 2002, John Wiley, Sussex. 5. Surfactants and interfacial phenomena, M.J. Rosen, John Wilay, 2nd edition, New Jeresy. 6. Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidler, Mcgraw-Hill.

7. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J.Rajaraman and J.Kuriacose, McMillan.

8. Modern Electrochemistry Vol.I and Vol.II. J.O.M.Bockris and A.K.N.Reddy, Plenum, 3rd edition, 1997, London.

9. Fast Reaction – D.N.Hague 10. Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics–2nd Edn. , JISteinfild, J.S.Fransis Co, W.L.Hase , Beutic

Hall (1999).

11. Physical Chemistry, G.K. Vemulapalli, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1993, New Delhi. 12. Physical Chemistry, Geoge Woodbury, Brooks/ Cole Publishing, 1997, Pacific Grove,

USA.


C.C-204: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I, Thermal analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): Instrumentation, derivative therogravimetric analysis (DTG), applications of thermagravimetry.

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Instrumentation and applications of differential thermal Analysis, simultaneous TG-DTA curves. Thermogravimetic titration: Principle and applications. UNIT II, Electroanalytical methods Classification of electroanalytical methods, principles and applications of voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, anodic stripping voltammetry, polarography, amperometry, coulometry, conductometry and ion selective electrodes (Extensive instrumentations are to be excluded).

UNIT III, Spectroscopic methods

Atomic adsorption spectroscopy: Principle and instrumentation, flame atomization, hollow cathode lamps, application of AAS in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Flame photometric methods: Basic principle and instrumentation, interference in flame photometry, applications in quantitative analysis.

Nephhelometric method: Principle and instrumentation, application in analysis.

Unit-IV, Chromatographic Separation Method:-

Chromatographic techniques: Classification, basic principles, theory of

chromatography.

A. Ion Exchange Chromatography:- ion exchange process ,synthesis and structure of

ion-exchange resin, resolution, retention parameters, selectivity ion-exchange capacity and

separation of lanthanides.

B. Paper and Thin-layer Chromatography:- stationary and mobile phases; various

techniques of development, visualization and evaluation of chromatograms, separation of

inorganic and organic compounds.


Books Recommended

1. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N B. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, pergamon.

2. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.

3. Magnetochemistry, R.L. Carlin, Springer Verlag.

4. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds., G. Wilkison, R.D. Gillars and J.A.

McClenerty, Pergamon.

5. Elements of Magneto Chemistry, R.L. Dutta, A.Syamal; 2nd Ed. East West Press Pvt Ltd.

(2009).

6. Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 5; Asim K.Das, CBS Publisher.

(2015).

7. Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 6; Asim K. Das, CBS Publisher, 2nd

Ed(2013).

8. organometallic Chemistry, R.C. Mehrotra & A. Singh, New Age International, 2nd Ed

(2013).

9. Inorganic Chemistry, C.L. Miessler, D.A. Taff, Pearson, 3rd Ed. 2004.


C.C-205: PRACTICAL-II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

Organic Synthesis

(a) Preparation of Anthranilic acid

(b) Preparation of Methyl Orange

(c) Preparation of Adipic acid by chromic acid oxidation of cyclohexanol.

(d) P-chloro tolune from p- toluidine (Sandmeyr reaction)

(e) Synthesis of p-nitro aniline & p- bromo aniline (Aromatic electrophilic substitution)

(f) Synthesis of triphenyl methanol from benzoic acid (Grignard reaction)

(g) Preparation of Indigo from Anthranilic Acid

(h) Preparation of Cinnamic Acid from Benzaldehyde

Qualitative Analysis

(a) Estimation of Anilines and Phenols using Bromate- bromide solution.

(b) Estimation of keto group.

(c) Estimation of number of acetyl group

(d) Estmation of Cane sugar

(e) Isolation of Caffeine from tea leaves.

Books Recommended

1. Experiments and Techiniques in Organic Chemistry, D. Pasto, C.Johnson, & M.Miller,

Prantice Hall

2. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H.Middleton, Edward Arnold (Publisher).

3. Hand Book of Organic Analysis, Qualitative & Quantitative, M.T. Clarke, Edward Arnold

(Publisher).

4. Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley.

5. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson, D.C. Health.

6. A Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry (Qualitative). Arthur I. Vogel.


THIRD SEMESTER

C.C-301: PHYSICAL SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT-I Spectroscopy: (a) Rotational Spectroscopy The rigid diatomic rotor, selection rules,

intensity of rotational transitions, the role of rotational level degeneracy, the role of nuclear

spin in determining allowed rotational energy levels. Classification of polyatomic rotors and

the non-rigid rotor.

(b) Vibrational Spectroscopy: Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of

diatomic molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strength; anharmonicity,

Morse potential energy diagram, vibration-rotation spectroscopy. Breakdown of Oppenheimer

approximation, vibrations of polyatomic molecules, Selection rules, normal modes of

vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the band positions and

intensities; metal-ligand vibrations.

UNIT-II (a) Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic transitions, Franck-Condon principle. Vertical

transitions. Selection rules, parity, symmetry and spin selection rules. Polarization of

transitions. Fluorescence and phosphorescence.

(b) Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect Pure rotational,

vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, Mutual exclusion

principle.

UNIT-III

A) Electron spin Resonance & NQRS

i. Electron spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Hyperfine, spin polarization for atoms and

transitions metal ions, spin- orbit coupling and significance of g- tensors, application to

transition metal complexes (having one coupling and significance of g- tensors,

application to transition metal complexes (having one unpaires electron) including

biological systems and to inorganic free radicals such as PH4, F2 and [BH3]-

ii. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy: Qudrupole nuclei, qudrupole moments,

electronic field, coupling constant, splitting, Applications.

B) Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Basic principles, instrumentation, spectral parameter and

displays, applications. Mossbauer parameters- isomer shift, quodropole splitting, Magnetic

hyperfine interaction, Doppler effect. Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy.


UNIT-IV Instrumental Method of Analysis:

A) X-ray diffraction: Crystals and the diffractions of X-ray, Bragg’s law concept of symmetry in

crystals, lattice planes and Miller indices, systematic absence of reflections, multiplicities, the

x-ray diffraction experiment, powder method, single crystal method, x-ray intensities,

structure factor, particle size measurement by x-ray diffraction. Polarography: Current-voltage

relationship, theory of polarographic waves, instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative

applications. Thermal analysis: Theory, methodology, instruments and applications of

theromogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

B) Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Basic principles; photo-electric effect, ionization process, Koopman’s theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical information from ESCA. Auger electron

spectroscopy – basic idea.


1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy: C. N. Banwell, McGraw-Hill.

2. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy: R. Chang, Mc Graw Hill

3. Application of spectroscopy of organic compounds, J. R. Dyer, Prentice hall

4. Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry, D. H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata McGraw Hill.

5. Organic spectroscopy, W. Kemp, ELBS

6. Spectroscopy of organic compounds, P. S. Kalsi, New Age International.

7. Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Transition Metal Chemistry, P. Gütlich, R. Link, A. Trautwien, Springer-Verlag (1978).

8. Mössbauer Spectroscopy, N. N. Greenwood, T. C. Gibb, Chapman and Hall Ltd. (1971).


C.C-302: Organic Chemistry- III

UNIT I: Photochemical Reactions

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule, quantum yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry.

Determination of Reaction Mechanism

Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy states – determination of rate constants of reactions. Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of photochemical reactions – photo-dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.

UNIT II: Photochemistry of alkenes

Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond – geometrical isomerism, cyclization reactions, rearrangement of 1,4– and 1,5– dienes.

Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds

Intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds – saturated, cyclic and acylic,

β,γunsaturated and α,β- unsaturated compounds. Cyclohexadienones.

Unit III

(A) Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction –

substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of

enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution–

optical and kinetic.

(B) Carbanion and tautomerism

i) Mechanism of formation, stability, stereochemistry, enolate and enol (acid and

base catalysed).

Tautomerism- prototropy, Mechanism, concerted mechanism of anisotropy,

ambidentate anion.


ii) Rearrangements

General mechanistic considerations: nature of migration, migratory aptitude, memory effects. A detailed study of the following rearrangements

Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein, Demjanov, Benzil-Benzilic acid, Favorskii, Arndt-Eistert synthesis, Neber, Beckmann, Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt, Baeyer-villiger, Shapiro reaction.

UNIT- IV (i) Three-membered and four-membered heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions of Aziridines,

Oxiranes, thiranes, azetidines, Oxetanes and thietanes.

(ii) Benzo fused Five-Membered Heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions including medicinal applications of benzopyrroles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes. Book recommended:

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry; Reactians Mechanism and Structure: Jerry March, John.Wiley.

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry: F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Part-B. 3. Principles of Organic Synthesis: R. O. C. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Blackie Academic &

Professianal/ C.B.S. Publishers. 4. Reactian Mechanism in Organic Chemistry: S. M. Mukherjee and S. P. Singh, Macmillian.

India. Ltd. 5. Organic Chemistry: J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxfard University

Press. 6. Organic Reactians and Orbital Symmetry: T. L. Gilchrist and R. C. Storr, Cambridge at the

University Press. 7. Photo Chemistry and Pericyclic Reactians : Jagdamba Singh and Jaya Singh, New Age

Internatianal. 8. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry: Thomas H. Lowry, Additian Wesley. 9. Named reaction by Jie Jack Lie. 10. Heterocyclic Chemistry – R.K Bansal 11. Organic Chemistry Vol-I & II. I.L Finar.


C.C-303: BIOINORGANIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT -I Biological roles of metal ions, Calcium Biochemistry, Oxygen Transport and storage:

Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Cobalt containing models of oxygen binding, Iron containing models

of oxygen carrier, Hemocyanin; Iron storage and transport: Ferritin, Transferrin, Siderophores.

UNIT-II Enzymes exploiting acid catalysis: Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxypeptidases, Superoxide dismutase, Xanthine oxidase. Redox catalysis: Iron-sulfur proteins: Ferredoxins and Rubbredoxins, Non-heme iron, Cytochromes, Cytochrome P-450 enzymes, Blue Copper

Proteins, Coenzyme B12 Nitrogen Fixation, Photosynthesis.

UNIT-III Metals in medicine: Ionophores, Importance of Na and K, Metal deficiency and

diseases, Toxic effects of metals, Metals used for diagnosis and chemotherapy, Anticancer

drugs.

UNIT-IV Supramolecular Chemistry: Host guest chemistry, chiral recognition and catalysis,

molecular recognition, biomimetic chemistry, crown ethers, cryptates. Cyclodextrine,

cyclodextrinbased enzyme models, calixarenes, Ionophores.


1. Priciple of Biochemistry (Lehninger): D. L Nelson and M. M Cox, W. H. Freeman and company, New York.

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: D. Voet, J. G. Voet and C. W. Pratt; John wiley and sons.

3. Inorganic Chemistry of Biological process- M. Huges.

4. Bio Inorganic Chemistry – E. Ochiai


C.C-304: Solid state chemistry

UNIT I: (a) Solid State Reactions

General principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a precursor to solid state reactions, kinetics of solid state reactions.

(b) Crystal Defects and Non-Stoichiometry

Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects–point defects, line and plane defects, vacancies–Schottky defects and Frenkel defects. Thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defect formation, colour centers, non-stoichiometry and defects.

UNIT II: Optical properties of solids

(a) Electronic Properties of solids Metals, insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solids- Band theory, band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors.

(b) Organic Solids Electrically conducting solids, organic charge transfer complex, organic metals, new superconductors.

UNIT III:

(a) Optical properties of solids Optical reflectance, photoconduction, photoelectric effects, refraction, dispersion, polarization.

(b) Magnetic Properties of Solids Classification of materials. Quantum theory of paramagnetism – cooperative phenomena – magnetic domains, hysteresis.

UNIT IV Diffraction Methods

(a)X-ray Diffraction

Bragg condition, Miller indices, Laue method, Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, indexing, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern. Structure of simple lattices, and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem. Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, Ramchandran diagram.


Neutron Diffraction

Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids, magnetic scattering, measurement techiniques. Elucidation of structure of magnetically unit cell.

Books Recommended

1. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, A.R. West, Wiley, 1989, 2nd edition, Singapore.

2. Principles of the Solid State, H.V. Keer, Wiley Eastern. Limited, 1993, New Delhi,. 3. Solid State Chemistry, N.b.Hannay.

4. Solid State Chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New Age International Limited, 1996, New Delhi

5. Understanding solids, The Science of Materials, R. J. Tilley, John Wiley & Sons, 2004, Sussex.

6. Solid state Physics, N.W. Aschroft and N. Mermin, Harcourt College Press, 1976, Florida.

7. Solid state Physics, J.P. Srivastava, Phi Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2011.

8. Applications of Neutron Powder diffraction, E.H. Kisi and C.J. Howard, Oxford Science, 2008, New York.

9. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, John Wiley, 1976, New York . 10. Elements Of X Ray Diffraction, B. D Cullity, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

Inc., 1956 , USA.

https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Cullity%2C+B.+D%22

https://archive.org/search.php?query=publisher%3A%22Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.%22

https://archive.org/search.php?query=publisher%3A%22Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.%22

https://archive.org/search.php?query=date:1956


C.C-305: PRACTICAL-III (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

Error Analysis and Statistical Data Analysis

Error, types of errors, minimization of errors, error distribution curves, precision, accuracy

and combination; statistical treatment for error analysis, student ‘t’ test, null hypothesis,

rejection criteria, F & Q test; linear regression analysis, curve fitting.

Adsorption

1. To study surface tension – concentration relationship for solutions (Gibbs equation)

2. Adsorption of Acetic acid and Oxalic acid on animal charcoal and verification of

Freundlich isotherm.

Chemical Kinetics

1. Determination of the effect of (a) Change of temperature (b) change of

concentration of reactions and catalyst and (c) Ionic strength of the media on the

velocity constant of hydrolysis of an ester / ionic reactions.

2. Determination of the rate constant of hydrolysis of an ester / ionic reaction in

micellar media.

3. Determination of the rate constant for the oxidation of iodide and ions by hydrogen

peroxide studying the kinetics as an iodine clock reaction.

4. Saponification of ethylacetate with NaOH by chemical method.

5. Determination of energy of activation of acid catalysed hydrolysis of methyl acetate.

Phase equilibria:

1. Determination of critical solution temperature of phenol-water system. 2. Construction of phase diagram for a three component system (chloroform-acetic acid – water).

Solutions

(i) Determinations of the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte and to study the

derivative from ideal behaviour that occurs with a strong electrolyte.

Electrochemistry: A.Conductometry

1. Determination of the velocity constant, order of the reaction and energy of

activation for saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide conduct

metrically.

2. Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble (e.g.,

PbSO4, BaSO4) conduct metrically.

3. Determination of the strength of strong and weak acids in a given mixture

conduct metrically.

4. Determination of the activity coefficient of zinc ions in the solution of 0.002 M

zinc sulphate using Deby Huckel’s limiting law.


B. Potentiometry / PH metry.

1. Determination of strengths of halides in a mixture potentiometrically.

2. Determination of thevalency of mercurus ions potentiometrically.

3. Determination of the strength of strong and weak acids in a aceton by titrating it

with KOH in what medium.

4. Determine the PK’s of a dibasic acid by PH titration using a PH meter.

Polarimetry

1. Determination of rate constant for hydrolysis / inversion of sugar using a

polarimeter.

2. Enzyme kinetics- inversion of sucrose.

Mol.Wt.& Kinetics Determination of Polymer

1. Determination of viscosity average molecular weight of polystyrene in benzene and

tolune.

2. Kinetics of addition polymerization of methyl methacrylate using benzoyl peroxide as

initiator.

3. Determination of chain length of polyacrylonitrile using Mark- Houwink equation.

4. Kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile using Ce(IV)- cyclohexanol redox system.

5. Determination of viscosity average molecular mass of polyacrylonitrile in DMF.

6. Determination of mol.wt. of high polymer like Polyvinyl alcohol from Viscosity

measurement.

Polarography

1. Estimation of Pb2+ and Cd2+ / Zn+ and Ni2+ ions in a mixture of Pb2+ and Cd2+ / Zn2+ and Ni2+ by polarography.

2. Determination of dissolved oxygen in aqueous solution of organic solvents. 3. Verification of Beer-Lambert’s Law by colorimetry/spectrometry

4. Determination of Na+ / KT ions by flame photometry.

5. Determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets.

6. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in water samples.

7. Measurement of pH of soils by a pH meter.

8. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in water samples.

9. Determination of moisture content in soils by gravimetric method.

10. Analysis of fat in a butter sample.

11. Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in water samples.

12. Estimation of metal ions by ion-exchange method.

13. Synthesis of silver/gold nano particles at room temperature

Books Recommended

1. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman.

2. Findley’s practical Physical Chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman.

3. Experimental physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill, 1983, New

Delhi.


FOURTH SEMESTER

CC – 401: Environmental & Analytical Chemistry

UNIT-I

Industrial Pollution:

Cement, sugar and distillery, iron and steel, paper and pulp industries and thermal power plants,

Disposal of wastes and their management.

Environmental Toxicology

Chemical solutions to environmental problems, Biodegradability principles of decomposition,

Better industrial process

Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Chernobyl, three Mile, Island and Minamata.

UNIT-II Agricultural and fuel Analysis

A. Agricultural analysis: Analysis of soils for available major nutrients- Estimation of

available nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), phosphorous 9Olsen’s Methods and Bray and

Kurtz method) and Exchangeable calcium & magnesium by (EDTA); soil analysis for

Micronutrients Eatimation of available zinc, copper, manganese and iron (AAS)-

Analysis of pesticide residues in food grains & vegetables by titrimetry, Gas

chromatography and spectrophotometry.

B. Fuel Analysis: Solid, liquid, gas; Ultimate and approximate analysis- heating values

grading of coal, liquid fuels- flash point, aniline point, octane number and carbon

residue; Gaseous fuel producer gas, water gas- calorific value.

UNIT-III Industrial polluation and their Management

A. Water polluation Management: Sources and characteristics of industrial wastewater,

standards related to industrial wastewater; primary, secondary and tertiary

wastewater, standards related to industrial wastewater; primary, secondary and

tertiary treatment of industrial wastewater. Advanced technology for removal of toxic

ions from industrial effluents such as ion exchange, Electro dialysis, Reverse osmosis,

memberane technology, ozonation, wet air oxidation.


B. Air polluation Management: Permissible limit of pollutants in ambient air and emission

standards, Monitoring technique of particulate and gaseous pollutants (SPM, RSPM,

SO2, NOX, ozone), principles and operations of gravity setting chamber, cyclones,

scrubbers, filters, ESP; control gaseous pollutants through adsorption, absorption, mass

transfer, condensation, and combustion; control of motor vehicle emission, stock

monitoring.

UNIT-IV Environmental Chemistry

Composition of the atmosphere (variable and stable components); vertical variations in

atmosphere 9atmospheric layers, pressure change, temperature change, change in

composition, lonosphere0; Heat budget of earth atmospheric systems, Role of atmosphere in

maintaining earth’s heat balance; particles, ions and their formation; chemical and

photochemical reaction in atmosphere; Industrial disasters: Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl,

Three miles island and Minamata.

Book Recommended:

1. Environmental Chemistry, S.E. Manahan, Lewis Publishers.

2. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De, Wiley Eastern.

3. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma & Kaur, Krishna Publishers.

4. Environmental polluation Analysis, S.M. Khopkar. Wiley Eastern.

5. Environment & Ecology, S. Panda, Vrinda Publication.


C.C-402: POLYMER CHEMISTRY

UNIT I:

Importance of Polymers; Basic concepts: Monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization, Linear, branched and network polymers. Classification of Polymers. Polymerization: condensation, addition, radical chain, ionic, coordination and co-polymerization. Polymerization conditions and polymer reactions. Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

UNIT II: Polymer Characterization

Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept. Number, weight and viscosity average molecular weights. Polydispersity and molecular weight distribution. The practical significance of molecular weight. Measurement of molecular weights. End-group, viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation methods. Analysis and testing of polymers-chemical analysis of polymers,

spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction study, Microscopy. Thermal analysis and physical testing-tensile strength. Fatigue, impact. Tear resistance. Hardness and abrasion resistance.

UNIT III: Structure and Properties

Morphology and order in crystalline polymers-configurations of polymer chains. Crystal structures of polymers. Morphology of crystalline polymers, strain-induced morphology, crystallization and melting. Polymer structure and physical properties-crystalline melting point.Tm-melting points of homogeneous services, effect of chain flexibility and other steric factors, entropy and heat of fusion. The glass transition temperature, Tg-Relationship between Tm and Tg, effects of molecular weight, diluents, chemical structure, chain topology, branching and cross linking. Property requirements and polymer utilization.

UNIT IV: Polymer Processing

Plastics, elastomers and fibres. Compounding. Processing techniques: Calendering, die casting, rotational castin, film casting, injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fibre spinning.

Properties of Commercial Polymers

Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and silicone polymers. Functional polymers – Fire retarding polymers and electrically conducting polymers. Biomedical polymers – contact lens, dental polymers, artificial heart kidney, skin and blood cells.


Books Recommended

1. Text book of Polymer Science, F.W. Billmeyer, Jr.Wiley. 2. Polymer Science, V.R. Gowariker, N.V. Viswanathan and J. Sreedhar, Wiley-

Eastern. 3. Functional Monomers and Polymers, K. Takemoto, Y. Inaki and R.M. Ottanbrite. 4. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, H.R. Alcock and F.W. Lambe, Prentice Hall.


403 Organic Synthesis & Biomolecules

UNIT I Disconnection Approach

An introduction to synthons and synthetic equivalents, disconnection approach, functional group inter-conversions, the importance of the order of events in organic synthesis, one group C-X and two group C-X disconnections, chemoselectivity, reversal of polarity, cyclisation reactions, amine synthesis. UNIT II Protecting Groups Principle of protection of alcohol, amine, carbonyl and carboxyl groups. One Group C-C Disconnection Alcohols and carbonyl compounds, regioselectivity, Alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic nitro compounds in organic synthesis. Two Group C-C Disconnections Diels-Alder reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, , - unsaturated carbonyl compounds, control in carbonyl condensations, 1,5-difunctionalised compounds. Michael addition and Robinson annulation. UNIT III Ring Synthesis Saturated heterocycles, synthesis of 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-membered rings, aromatic heterocycles in organic synthesis.

Synthesis of some Complex Molecules

Application of the above in the synthesis of following compounds. Camphor, Longifolene, Vitamin D, Juvabione.

UNIT-IV

Synthetic Dyes

Classification, Azo dyes, Triaryl methane dyes, Xanthen dyes, phthaleins, Indigoids, Anthraquinone dyes, Heterocyclic dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, Azoic dyes, sulfurdyes, Reactive dyes, Disperse dyes, optical bleaches, other uses of days.

Biomolecules

Lipids, fats (composition hydrolysis, source) detergents, unsaturated fats, Hardening & drying oils, Phosphoglycerides, Phosphate esters phospholipids, steroids, Terpenes & prostaglanding phospholipids, steroids, Terpenes & prostaglanding.


Books Recommended

1. Designing Organic Synthesis, A programmed introduction to synthon approach, S. Warren, Wiley.

2. Organic Synthesis-Concept, Methods and Starting Materials, J. Fuhrhop and G. Penzillin, VCH, Weinheim, Germany.

3. Some Modern Methods of Organic synthesis. W. Carruthers, Cambridge Univ.

Press.

4. Modern Synthetic Reactions, H. O. House, W.A. Benjamin

5. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Streucture, J.

March, Wiley.

6. Principles of Organic synthesis, R. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Blackie

Academic & Professional.

7. Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B, F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum

Press.

8. Organic Chemistry: The disconnection approach, S. Warren, John Wiley and

Sons.

9. Organic Chemistry by Morrison & Boyd.

CC- 404: PRACTICAL (IV) (ORGANIC & INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

ORGANIC PRACTICAL

Qualitative Analysis

Identification of unknown organic compounds, separation,

purification and identification of compounds of binary mixture (both are

solids, one liquid & one solid) using TLC & column chromatography,

Chemical test.

Books Recommended for practical Organic Chemistry

1. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D. Pasto, C.Johnson,

& M.Miller, Prantice Hall

2. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Edward Arnold

(Publisher).

3. Hand Book of Practical Organic Analysis, Qualitative & Quantitative, M.T.

Clarke, Edward Arnold (Publisher).

4. Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell Wiley.

5. Macrocroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson,

D.C. Heath.

6. Organic Analytical Chemistry (Theory and Practice): Jagmohan, Narosa

Publishing House.


7. A Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry: Arthur I.Vogel, .E.L.B.S. and

Longman.

8. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry: D. Pasto, C. Johnson.

9. Laboratory Mannual of Organic Chemistry: B.B. Dey and M.V.Siaram

(Revised)-:T.R.Govindachari, Allied Publishers.

INORGANIC PRACTICAL

Quantitative Analysis

1. Separation and determination of two metal ions Cu- Ni, Cu-Fe etc. Involving

volumetric and gravimetric methods.

2. Estimation of Ca & Mg in a given solution prepared from a sample of cement

by EDTA method

3. Estimation of MnO2 in Pyrolusite

4. Estimation of Cu & Zn in a given solution prepared from a sample of Brass.

Preparations

Preparation of FOLLOWING compounds and their studies by I.R./electronic spectra

measurements.

(1) Cis & trans-K[Cr(C2(C2O4)2(H2O)2] (5) Na3[Co(NO2)6]

(2) Mn(acac)3 (6) Cis & trans- [Co(en)2]Cl2

(3) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (7) [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2

(4) Ni(dmg)2 (8) K3[Cr(C2O4)3]

Books Recommended

1. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D. Pasto, C. Johnson, & M.

Miller, Prantice Hall.

2. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Edward Arnold

(Publisher).

3. Hand Book of Organic analysis, H.Middleton, Edward Arnold (Publisher).

4. Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley.

5. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson, D.C. Heath.

6. A Textbook of practical Organic Chemistry (Qualitative). Arthur I. Vogel.

7. Vogel’s Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis; J. Mendan, R.C Denney, J.D.

Barnes, N.J. K. Thomas; person, 6th Ed (2007).

8. A Text Book of Macro and semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis; Arthur I.

Vogel., orient. Longman, 1st Ed.(1975).


C.C -405:- Project/Dissertation

Dissertation

Marks – 100

The dissertation shall comprise of conducting a small project under faculty

members of the department. The title and execution of the project work shall be

decided in consultation with the faculty members of the dept by a committee

constituting HOD and other senior faculty members.

In general, the student is expected to do literature survey in the assigned topic,

and to do some kind of experimental investigation, and result analysis. However, final

decision regarding the execution of project work rests with the supervisor/co-

supervisor and the committee on mutual discussion to the best benefit of the student

for academic career. The guideline provided by UGC shall be also taken into account

in this regard.

Distribution of mark

Project or Dissertation- 60 Marks

Presentation- 25 Mark

Viva- 15 Marks

Practical distribution marks:-

Each paper= 100 Marks

Two experiments of each paper= 40X2 =80 marks

Viva voice =15 Marks

Record =5 Marks

each unit will carry 2 questions. students are required to...

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