P A\ G -l-- TF"-48 analog cornputer

GmbH, Aastren,v1ART|NSTR. 14EAIE L E C T R O N I C A S S O C i A T E S , I N C . C o n t i n e w a l B r a n : c h - B r u s s e l s , B e l s i u m

5 steps to the solution of your

Step l-Problem AnolysisProblem is translated, i,ntomatllemq,tical d,es cri,pti,on ui,ng algebraic ond, d,i,fferentioqntions.

routine engineering problerrls .

This new EAI computer makes the benefits of analog simulation available to allindustrial, government or university research and engineering groups. Perform-ing those mathematical operations required in the solution of most engineeringproblems the TR-48 expands your engineering efort by offering . . .Universql opprooch to scientific design . . . the behavior of systems belonging tomany and varied areas of physics and chemistry are governed by the same physicalprinciples.Simplified mqthemqticol opprooch . . circumvents the shortcomings and exces-sive educational requirements of a purely rnathematical approach.Better physicol insight into operation of the physical system rather than purelymathematical description.Goncentrqled efforf on design optimizotion gives the engineer a "feeling"for his problem without the distraction of conventional calculations.A compulotionol tool compotible with problem synfhesis . . . the engineer eaneasily change problem parameters and immediately observe the resulting changesin the system response.Eosy communicqtion befween problem ond computertem under study are represented by easily understoodtities.Direct Grophicol Represenlqtion of problem solution.

P A C E -T-R-4ra

. . variables of the sys-analogous physical quan-

analog computer combines experience prouen design withincreased problem soluing cepabilitiesThe compact, solid-state design of the TR-48 provides an analog computer largeenough to solve problems typical of most engineering groups, ana wfiictr can ü"located right in the laboratory. No elaborate installation facitity with a speciallytrained technical staff to operate it is required . . . no air-condltioned room . .'.no special power requirements-it can be powered from any ordinary electricaloutlet . . . and because of its design simplicity and field proven dependability nomaintenance staff is required.The TR-48 makes it convenient for the engineer with the problem to use thecomputer . . ; the individual most familiar with the problem is present duringthe course of the simulation to make those design decisions that only he caimake . . . thus maximum benefits from analog simulation are obtained. The en-gineer can experiment with new designs that formerly were too cosily or timeconsuming to try. He can perfect the design and work out all the ..bugs', righton the computer . . before building pilots or prototypes, drastically reducingdesign time and costs.This dependable new computational tool is completely solid-state for highestreliability and long trouble-free life. Its design carries with it the histoi-y ofmaintenance-free reliability of its famous companion, the pACE TR-10. thefirst completely transistorized analog computer.

Step 3-PotchingStep 2-ProgrommingAn inlormation fl,ow sheet isprepared, usi,ng a block d,i,a-gram to represent the uari,-ous computer elements and.th ei,r int er c onn e cti,ons.

With the ai.d, of thi,s di,agrampatclr, cord, and, bottle plugconnect i ,ons are nLai le be-tween a a,r i o u s computercomponents,

Step 4-lnsertion of ProblemPqrqmelers

Coef fici,ent setti,ng potenti,-o m e t e r s a r e a d j u s t e d , t oprouide desi,gn parameterinputs.

Step S-SolufionThe computer solution isperformed in the eract man-ner prescri,bed bg the md,th-emati,cal equation.s. S olutionsare presented on an XY plot-ter.

-rR_ 4ais quality engineered for simplicity, flexibility and

maintenance -free operation

Proven solid-stote design instant warm-up-nocooling problems. Completeiy solid-state design basedon the fleld proven circuits of its famous predecessor,the PACE TR-10, of which over 300 units have com-piled a remarkable history of trouble free operation.High Speed Repetitive Operotion substantiallyreduces the time required in arriving at the "opbimum"problem solution.Removqble potch ponel problem circuits can bepatched and checked off the computer-thus makingmost efficient use of actual time. Patched boards canbe stored for future use,Modulqr potch ponel loyoul . . . patch panel is dividedinto 12 similar functional areas, each terminatingoperational ampliflers, integrator networks, potentiom-eters, multipliers, and func,tion generators. Thisunique layout vastly reduces "patch panel clutter"and thus aids in minimizing programming errors andconsequent "debugging" time. Color coded componentterminations promote programming efficiency. Thelayout is easily changed to accommodate changes incomponent configuration.Bottle Plugs . . . cut down on costly programming timeand patch cord clutter, signiflcantly simplifying theprogramming operation.Plug-in components may be replaced easily andquickly for expansion or servicing.Non-lineqr componenls . . . interchaegeably plug intonon-linear positions and most integrator network posi-tions within the modules. Number of computer con-flgurations are limited only by the number of com-ponents kept on hand.Bosic computer . is pre-wired to accept the maxi-mum complement of componenfs-ssn be expanded

simply by plugging in desired components-no addi-tional wiring necessary.Drqws less power thqn | 5O wott bulb . ' . no specialpower requi.rements-operates from any 115 volt, 60cycle outlet. (Also 220 V/50 cps, 1I5 V /50 cps, 127V/50 cps)

Built-in input resistors each operational amplifieris terminated with convenient precision resistor net-works; one-100K feedback resistor, two unity gaininputs, and two gain 10 inputs. Summing junctionterminations permit the use of additional inputelements.l0:l Time scole . . additional feedback capacitors ineach integrator network permit the individual 10:1selection of integrator time scale by bottle-plug.Humon engineered control ponel . . . designed to aidproblem solutions. AII controls required for the com-plete operation of the computer are provided in oneconvenient location.Electronic Digitol Voltmeter . . . provides 4-digit read-ing-plus polarity-for the precise, rapid digital read-out of problem voltages and for the setting of co-efficient potentiometers.Push-butlon reqdoul . . . allows the output voltage ofall amplifiers, coefficient potentiometers, and inputtrunks to be monitored on the Digital Voltmeter ormulti-range voltmeter.Push-button mode control . provides a convenientmeans for eontrolling the operating modes of thecomputer.Bus bor power disfribution utilization of gold-plated, Taper-Tab, copper bus bars eliminates complexrear power cabling and simplifies maintenance.

remouing rnulticolored pre-patch pa,nel

TE?_ 4,8control panel is engineered to aid problem solutions

Control Pqnel is the nerve center of the TR-48 Com-puter . . . placing all controls for the complete opera-tion of the computer in one convenient location'lluman engineered panel design facilitates computerutilization and problem solution provides meansfor controlling computer operation and metering ofcomponent output voltages. All knobs, push-buttons,and sr,vitches are clearly labeled for easy identification.Mode Control computer operating modesPOT SET, RESET, HOLD, OPERATE AND RE-PETITIVE OPERATION . . ' are selected bv meansof push-button each illuminated when energized,allowing the engineer to determine at a glance thecomputer operating eondition.Output Selector push-button switches allow theoutdut voltage of all amplifiers, coefficient potentiom-eters, and input trunks to be monitored on the DigitalVoltmeter or multi-range voltmeter. The Output Se-lector is also terminated on the patch board permittingoutputs of interest to be monitored on external equip-ment.Voltmeter a precision, multi-range meter for themonitoring of amplifier outputs, input trunks andpower supply voltages, and also used for the manualbalancing of operational amplifiers. Five meter rangesare selected by rotary switch.VM Selector Swirch . . . selects power voltages or out-puts selected by push-buttons for reading on voltmeter.HSRO Control . permits the selection and adjust-ment of solution time for those TR-48's equippedwith High Speed Repetitive Operation.Overlood Indicotor Pqnel . immediately identifiesany amplifier that is in an overload condition.Power Switch allows control of primary powerto computer by push-button.

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A digital voltmeter is provided on the TR-48 ControlPanel for precise, rapid digital readout of computingvoltages. Completely transistorized . . . there are nostepping switches . .. . it offers the maximum in re-liability. Its instantaneous operation vastly reducestime for coetricient problem checking and generalreadout of problem variables.4-Digit Displcy . . . provides for automatic readingsand polari[y from 10 millivots to -+11.99 volts DQwith fixed decimal point.O.OSEI Accurocy . . . readings are accurate to -10.005volts over the entire reading range.Bril l iont Output Disploy . . a high-bril l iance opticalprojection system is used to display the reading, sign,and fixed decimal point.

T R _ 4 4modular patch panel simplifies programming

The removable patch panel is arranged as a series of12 modules, with each module terminating a groupingof linear and non-linear computing components. Thisdesign coupled with logical component terminationsassures maximum use of bottle plugs, thereby re-ducing patch panel clutter to a minimum even forlarge problems. Long, across-the-board patching iscut to a minimum. Problem patching, checking andtrouble shooting are more easily dccomplished andthere is less chance of patching error.

The panel is made up of individual 5 inch high by 1*inch wide component patching blocks. It is 15 com-ponents in width and 4 in height. Patching blockterminations correspond to those of the patch bay,

which is formed by the insertion of the plug-in com-ponents into the computer. Gold-plated, phosphor-bronze contact springs are inserted into the termina-tions on the component module so that when thepre-patch panel is placed into the patch bay, positivewiper contact is made with the patch cords and bottleplugs inserted in the patch panel. Unique patch paneldesign eliminates the possibility of "open" connectionsdue to loose or partial insertion of patch cords. Anotherimportant feature of the TR-48 pre-patch panel isthe abili.tg to change the lagout as the component con-figurati.on i,s changed. This is accomplished by loosen-ing the retaining frame and replacing componentpatching blocks, or rearranging existing ones as re-quired by the new component configuration.

T F ? - 4 , Ainterchangeable, plug-in cornponents and flexibility

make expansion es,sy

NON-IINEARThe second position within each modular grouping ofcomponents is wired to accept a variety of nonlinearcomputing components. The standard TR-48 is pre-wired to accept the following interchangeable eom-ponents in this position:TApe 7.096 or Type 7.099 Multi,plierTape 16.274 Variable DFG (5 Selected, Positions)Tape 16.276 Log X DFGTape 16.281 /z Los X DFGTape 16.275 Xs DFGTape 12.764 DuaI Integrator NetworkIn addition, this position (in the middle column of themodular component groupings) will accept the Type2.462 Function Switch Group, the Type 12.763 Read-out patching Unit, and the Type 2.426 Trunk Group.

OPERATIONAT AMPTIFIERSThe first and third positions in the module are eachwired to accept a plug-in dual operational amplifierunit. These amplifiers are basic to the performanceof all mathematical operations available in the TR-48.With companion precision resistor networks termin-ated on the same patching block, they are used foraddition, subtraetion, and sign inversion. Integrationis performed by patching an operational amplifier to

an appropriate integrator network, located in thefourth position of the module. "High-gain" opera-tional amplifiers are also utilized as output and feed-back devices for non-linear components to performmultiplication, division, and function generation. Inany case, all.amplifiers are "uncommitted"-i.e,, canbe used in any mode of operation.

INIEGRATOR NETWORKSThis fourth position in the module accepts a DualIntegrator Network, which contains the precisionfeedback capacitors for use with a high-gain amplifierto perform the operation of integration with respectto time. The position is also wired to accept all non-Iinear components (ineluding the Type 40.404 com-parator), except the Type 16.274 Variable DFG.

COEFFICIENT SETTING POTENTIOMETERSPosition five in the modular grouping of componentsis wired to accept the Type 2.440 Coefficient SettingPotentiometer Group. This makes available five 10-turn potentiometers used for inserting equation co-efficients or problem parameters, initial and boundarycönditions, and problem inputs into the computingcircuits. There are four grounded and one ungroundedpotentiometers in each group.

T R - 4 A becomes euen rnore uersatile with additionof high speed repetitiue operation group 2.424

The High Speed Repetitive Operation Group permitsthe PACE TR-48 to be operated alternately as a real-time or high speed repetitive computing device. Thewide bandwidth of the TR-48 solid-state computingcomponents is utilized to produce problem solutionsmany times each second . . yet there is no loss intime computing accuracy.These outstanding features of the Type 2.424 HSROGroup add to the problem solving capabilities of theTR-48 Computer.o Instantaneou.s change from real ti.me or repetitiae

operati,on requires no repotching or repro-grammi,ng , . . alloto immedi,ate, permanent record,-ing of selected solutions.

o Computing times of from 20 to 500 mi,lli,second.sper solution.

o Swi,tched control of soluti,on times at fi,red, uoluesof 20, 50, 100 and, 200 milli,seconds per soluti,on.

o Continuous control of soluti,on times between thefiued aalues.

c AII soli.d state timi,ng unit.c Preci.sion polEstyrene f eed,baclc capacitors.o SLAVE feature for control of two or more real

time or repetitiaelg operateil Tn-I8 Computers.

ln repetitioe operat'i,on, the computer is contin-uously cycled between the reset. and computemode of operation. The problem is, therefore,solved repeatedly at some predetermined repe-tition rate, usually often enough to allow itspresentation on an oscilloscope.

Repetitive operation is obtained by switching the Modeswitch on the Control Panel to the Rep. Op. position. . . this automatically changes the feedback capacitorsin the integrator network. so as to increase the timescale by a factor of 500. The Compute Time switch isthen'used to select the desired repetitive rate of opera-tion. Voltage signals generated by the REP. OP.Timing Unit operate the high speed electro-mechanicalrelays in each Integrator Network to cyele the com-puter between the reset and operate modes. Energizingt}:.e RESET mode push-button stops the repetitiveoperation. Since each integrator is capable of indi-vidual mode control, parts of the computer may berun in "real time", while other parts operate repeti-tively. In addition, "multiple-speed" operation may beaccomplished, if desired. Thus high-speed "iterativetype" solutions may be achieved if required in agiven problem.

TYPICAT USES OF HIGH SPEED REP OPSgstem Opttmizati,on . . . the selection of para-meter values which give the best overall per-formance.Boundarg Value Problen'Ls the solution ofdifferential equations in which the problem isto find the initial conditions for specified solu-tions of the equations.Mod,el Bui.lding . . . the problem of determininga mathematieal representation for a system ofknown response.Other uses of High Speed Repetitive Operation. . . rap.id exploratory studies to conserve com-puting time . . . rapid approximation of optimumsystem parameters and determination of sta-bility regions of control systems . . . approximatecomputation and display of integral transforms,such as Fourier integrals, superposition integ-rals, and correlation functions statisticalstudies requiring many solutions . . . plus a widevariety of routine computational problems re-quiring numerous solutions.TYPICAL PROBLEM AREAS ARE:Users of the PACE TR-48 Analog Computer willfind the High Speed Repetitive Operation Groupa'valuable aid in the solution of a variety ofcomputing problems. The high problem solu-tion rates make it possible to instantaneouslyview the effect of varying the parameters of aproblem. This unique ability provides a power-ful and economical computational tool for solvingthose problems requiring multiple solutions ofthe problem equations.

I

transistorized dc operational amplifier . . . the basic buitdingblock of the TR-48

DUAL AMPLIFIER MODUIE (Type 6.514)The heart of the TR-48 is the transistorized DC operational amplif ler..By connecting various input or feedback networks to the operational'amplifier speciflc mathematical operations are obtained.The TR-48 computer employs identical, interchangeable, amplifier moduleseach consisting of two transistorized DC amplifiers, terminated on thepatch panel as high-gain amplifiers. companion networks, consistingof input and feedback resistors matched to 0.01 /o accuracy, are con-veniently terminated in the module for converting each amplifier toinverter or summer operation by convenient bottle plugs.Superior performonce chorqcteristics low temper:ature driftIow offset . low noise extended usable frequency response.Completely tronsistorized . . . for increased reliability backed bythe enviable performance record of thousands of similar units operatingin the field.Chopper stqbilized each computing amplifier is individually andautomatically stabilized to reduce offset and drift to a minimum.Individuql bqlqnce odiustment provided on every operational am-plif ier.Single-ended input ond output. emitter-follower bridge output cir-cuit assures linear operation with low output impedance low-current emitter-follower input stage insures high input impedancefor excellent drift characteristics.

Norr:-?E-48 Computing Components, con-si,sting of a computi,ng mod,ule anil a mated,patching module segment of the pre-patchpanel, are illustrated aboae and on. the follou:-ing pages,8 through 17.

Operational amplifiers in the TR-48 are ter-minated with companion precision input andfeedback resistors. . Insertion of a 4-prongbottleplug into the top four holes of theamplifler patching block connects a feedbackresistor across the amplifier and the commonconnection of the input resistors (SummingJunction) to the amplifier base. The ampli-fier thus functions as a summer with twogain-of-l and two gain-of-10 inputs. Addi-tional inputs may be connected to the sum-ming junction termination available on theback of the bottle plug. Omission of the 4-prong bottle plug makes the amplifier avail-able as a high gain amplifier for connectionto integrator networks or non-linear com-ponents.

==::::::.

T R _ 4 4 indiuidual cornponent descriptions

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DUAL fNTEGRATOR NETWORK (Type 12.764)o Consists of two networks, each containing the precision capacitors

that enable any high gain amplifier to be connected to perform themathematical operation of integration with respect to time.Simple bottle plug patching connects integrator network to adjacenthigh gain amplifier, thus converting it to an integrator.Contains all relays necessary for switching the integrator to RESET,HOLD, OPERATP modes of operation. Relay operation is controlledby computer mode push-button on control panel.Makes available "IC" termination for introducing non-zero initialcondition directly into the integrator, if required. The same IC ter-mination is used both for the "real time" and the "Rep Op" modes,thus eliminating need for repatching when operating alternately be-tween these modes. In that no additional amplifiers need be used forIC inputs when in Rep Op, redundant equipment usage is eliminated.Individua,l integrator 10 to 1 time scale change accomplished by bottleplug patching in either real time or HSRO operation.Precision -+0.057o Polystyrene capacitors used throughout to reducedrift and assure high dynamic accuracy.

o Patching terminations allow separate control of mode of operationof integrators for signal tracking and storage. Multi-speed and itera-tive operation is thus made feasible.

roilli tsl iItt.l? 164

COEFFICIENT SETTING POTENTIOMETER GROUP(Type 2.rt4o)o Used for setting problem coefficients, initial and

boundary conditions, aS well as problem inputs.o Each group provides five potentiometers mounted

in the potentiometer area on the right-front ofthe TR-48, as well as suitable patch panel ter-rriinations for their connection into problem cir-cuits.

o Consists of ten-turn, wire-wound, 5,000 ohmpotentiometers individually fused and equippedwith calibrated adjustment knobs.

o The top and arm of four potentiometers in thegroup are terminated on the patch panel withtheir bottom ends internally grounded. The fifthpotentiometer is terminated with top, bottom,and arm available at the patch panel.

o Potentiometer patching, area includes plus andminus 10 volt reference terminations and con-venient ground terminations for grounding un-grounded potentiometers.

o Potentiometer setting has been made extremelysimple for the operator. The computer is placedin the "Pot Set" mode and the pot to be setselected on the readout panel. The CoefficientSetting then appears on the digital voltmeterand the potentiometer is adjusted as desired.

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MUtTfPtfER (Types 7.O99 o,nd 7.096)A completely solid-state device rvhich makes use of the quarter-squaretechnique of multiplication to produce, when used in conjunction witha high-gain amplifler, a product of two input variables of either polarity.The mathematical operations of division, squaring, and square root mayalso be performed.Solid-stqfe reliobility silicon diodes and ultra-stable resistors areused throughout to minimize drift and insure long, maintenance-free life.Wide compufing bondwidth . . dynamic performance unsurpassed byany other type of continuous multiplication device-bandwidth compatiblewith the wide bandwidth of the amplifier.low noise'. and infinite reso]ution result from the elimination ofservo potentiometers and time division oscillators.Four Quqdront multiplicqtion . . when used in association with a tran-sistorized DC amplifier the product-XY/L0 is produeed from inputs+X, .-X, *Y and -Y. Output polarity may be easily reversed by inter-changing *X and -X or fY and -Y input connections.Plug-in design can be plugged into any non-linear or integratornetwork position-permits rapid replacement for servicing and inter-changing of components.Simplified potching clearly marked patching terminations simplifyinterconnection between other computing components. Bottle-plug con-nections place the multiplier' in the "multiply", "divide", "square" or"square-root" mode of operation.

VATRIABIE DfODE FUNCTION GENERATOR (Type 16.2741A flxed breakpoint, variable slope, diode funötion generator composedof completely solid-state components-used with external high-gain, tran-sistorized operational amplifiers to produce an electrical representation ofarbitrary functions by straight line segments.10/19 Segment Operotion . . . VDFG may be used to generate two non-linear functions with a 1O-segment representation, one for positive inputsand one for negative inputs, or these may be combined for 19-segmentfunction generation, for inpr-rt signals of both polarities.DFG Operotion utilizes external high gain transistorized operational am-plifiers two required for each 10-segment function generator orfor a single 19-segment combination.Funclion Set-up to produce a desired function is made by screwdriveradjustment from the side of the DFG chassis. Ten quick adjustmentsare all that are required for setup.DFG chqssis is mounted in area over TR-48 control panel and is housedin slide-out unit for ease of set-up adjustments.DFG Pqtching Module mounts within the computer in a variety of selectednon-linear positions of the patch panel.

-T -R- 4a indiuidual cornponent descriptions and

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tOG DIODE FUNCTION GENERATOR(Types 16.276 ond 16.281)Log function generators are extremely valuable in ageneral purpose simulation for raising a variable toan unusual power (i.e., 1.8, 2.6, elc.) or a variablepower (i.e., Xr). They are also useful for multiplica-tion, division, squaring, square-rooting, etc. as alter-nates for multipliers or other function generators.

The Type 16.276 and 16.281 Log Generators have thefollowing characteristics :

o Dual fixed diode function generators composed ofcompletely solid-state components.

r Two types available:1. Type L6.276 produces an output of

(10X) for an X input.2. Type 16.281 produces an output of

(10X) for an X input.o When operated in combination with an external

high-gain, transistorized operational amplifier,each type of LOG DFG is capable of the fol-Iowing operation:

A. Output of Log,o for an X input of one polarity.B. Output of Log,oX, and Log,oX, when inputs

X, and X, are unipolar and of opposite sign(two amplif iers required).

C. An exponent output when the LOG DFG isused in feedback of high-gain amplifier.

o Utilizes six (6) straight line segments to approxi-mate a logarithmic curve for a single sign of inputvoltage.

o Accepts inputs in the range -f 10 volts DC; pro-vides outputs in the range of i 10 volts DC de-pending upon connections.

r Mounts in any nonlinear or integrator networkposition.

5 Log,o

2.5 Log,o

DUAL X' DIODE FUNCTION GENERATOR(Type 16.275)o A dual fixed diode function generator composed

completely solid-state components.o One dual chassis is capable of the following opt

t ions:A. When operated in combination with an op

tional amplifier it will yield an Xz output roran X input of one polarity.

B. When operated in combination with two opera-tional amplif iers it wil l deliver outputs of (X,)'zand (Xr)2 when both X, and X, are unipolarand of opposite sign.

C. When operating in combination with two opera-.tional amplifiers it will deliver an output ofX'? with the input X varying both plus andminus in sign.

D. A square root output may be obtained by usingthe X'z DFG in the feedback of an operationalamplifier.

o Accepts inputs to r 10 volts, provides outputs of+ 10 volts.

o Fully electronic to provide wide computing band-width.

COMPARATOR (Type 4o.4o4lo Compares a variable input voltage to an arbitrary

bias voltage and causes a switching operation tobe performed; very useful for "decision making"operations within the computer program.

o Consists of a three-stage, transistor amplifier anda high-speed, double-pole-throw relay.

o When the algebraic sum of input variable and biasvoltage is positive, the relay will assume one posi-'tion and, when this sum is negative, it will assumethe other.

o Two comparators mounted in a single plug-in unit. . can be placed in any non-linear position.

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FUNCTfON SWITCH GROUP (Type 2.462)o Provides flve independent, single-pole double-throw,

center-off". function switches for performing man-ual switching operations.

o Function switches mounted in lower portion ofCoefficient Setting Potentiometer panel.

o Function switch patching area mounts in any oneof three lower Integrator Network positions inmiddle column of component modular groupings.

o Switch contacts are rated at 720 volts. L.0 amneresresistive load.

TRUNK GROUP (Type 2.426)o Used for connection of problem signal voltages be-

tween two TR-48 Computers operated in parallel,or for connection of computer to external hardwareor instrumentation.

o Provides 15 patch panel terminations for rear con-nected inter-console trunking cables.

o Patching area mounts in integrator network posi-tion in any one of three lower rows of the middlecolumn of component modular groupings.

READOUT MODUTE (Type 12.7631o Provides patch panel terminations for accessory

recording equipment cabled to rear of TR-48 Com'puter.

o Terminations provided are:A. X and Y inputs for X-Y Recorder, as well as

"automatic pen lift" control of recorder.B. Inputs for two 4-channel time base recorders

or one 8-channel recorder, or 10 Trunks, as re-quired.

C. X and Y inputs for external oseilloscope.

accessor\es

r Bottle PlugsType 5.173-6-prong "T" for connecting Integrator Net-work to adjacent high gain amplifier.Type 5.172-.1-prong for converting high gain amplifierto inverter or summer operation,Type 5.1?4-2-prong-horizontal for connecting adjacenthorizontal terminations.

o Multiple Block (Type 542.605)Provides a 6-hole, off-the-patch-panel tie point for inter-connecting patch cords or increasing the number of out-put holes of computing components.

o Patching Kit (Type 5.171) Includes the following:20 each patch cords Type 510.033-0, 6" long; Color:

Blaek30 each patch cords Type 510.033-I, 1_2" long; Color:

Brown20 each patch cords Type 510.033-2, 18" ' long; Color:

Orange10 each pateh cords Type 510.033-4, 30" long, Color:

Blue30 each bottle plugs Type 5.17432 each bottle plugs Type 5.172

8 each bottle plugs Type 5.1732 each Multiple Blocks, Type 542.605

r Service Shelf (?ype 51.116) permits convenient main:tenance of computing components under normal operat-ing conditions.

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TR - 4rA ca,n be ord,ered with the cornponentcomplement to satisfy indiuidual requirements

BAS|C TR-48-OThe TR-48-0 is a minimum linear eomputer availableto the user desiring to acquire his initial eomputingcapability at minimum cost. The TR-48-0 has all ofthe precision features of the expanded models and maybe used in the simulation of small linear systems. Itmay be readily expanded up to the full 48 arnplifiersize-through simple plug-in additions, as desired.BASTC TR-48-lThe TR-48-1 provides for more extended linear simula-tion than the TR-48-0, but is still designed for thelaboratory desiring a reliable and expandable analogcomputer-at a modest initial investment. The TR-48-1is capable'of solving a variety of linear engineeringproblems, and as your problems become more complex,your TR-48-1 may be easily expanded.EXPANDED TR.48.2The TR-48-2 contains a somewhat larger eomplementof linear equipment, as well as a variety of non-linearcomputing elements. Its expanded total capacity makesit ideally suited for the simulation of complex linearand non-linear systems.EXPANDED TR.48-3The TR-48-3 represents the computer in its fullyexpanded form. Highly complex and non-linear simu-lations may be accomplished on this machine. Thecomplement of equipment within the TR-48-3 rs ex-tremely varied and versatile and will satisfy the needsof the typical design engineering activity

EXPANDED TR-48-3 plus spore non-lineqr componenlso Effectively provides several eomputers in one con-

sole. By purchasing additional interchangeable non-linear components, beyond the maximum eapacity,you can achieve unusual computing flexibility.

*Eacb DFG bas one pl,us oohage card. and. one mi.nas aohage card'.**Eacb Log X DFG has two plat card.s and. hpo minu card.s.

RECOMMENDED COMPUTER SIZES

Eq,uipmentTR.48

-o -3-2- l

Pre-wire Console .. . . . . . . .Push-button Readout S;"i;;Electronic Digital VoltmeterReference SystemP o w e r S u p p l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Overload Indicator Panel ....Serv ice She l f . . . . . . . .Repetitive Operation GroupOperational Ampli f iers . . . . . . . . .Coefficient Setting

Potent iometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Integrator NetworksMultipliersVariable DFG's* . /--\ i tJS

1x;"lä,X,$;"; eäöloeComparatorsFunction Switches .. ,External TrunksReadout Patching ModulePatch Panel

11

II1

10

1 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1

20 32 48

10 204 8

1 11 11 1

40 6012 163 54 6

4,

2 4D O

15 301 11 12 2

OTHER TR-48 EXPANSIONS than those recom-mended above are readily accomplished by simplyplugging in the desired number and type of computingcompon€nts power voltages, monitoring andcontrol facilities for a fully expanded computer areincorporated in the Basic Computer--no additionalwiring necessary.

exxxgotb X2 DFG conraiu one plas uohage card. and oneminustohage card.Tbe plut and minus cards in tlse abooe DFG'r may be used lor seqarate functions or conabined.

changing the equipm,ent cornplementis easy u)ith the TR-48

Loosen the pre-patch panelreta,i,ni,ng frame,

Snap out the patchi,ng bloof th,e component to be tplaced, and replace it with.block f or the desi,red cotponent.L2

T R - 4 , 4 uersatility allows one computer to

Considerable flexibility in selecting the complement ofcomputing components is available with the TR-48.All components plug into the computer console fromthe front . . . the patch bay is automatically formedby the terminations on the front of each component.This feature, coupled witli the ease of changing thepatch panel layout and the ability to place differenttypes of computing components into the same consoleposition, provides an unusual degree of flexibility inarranging different equipment eomplements, bothinitially and for later expansion.The standard TR-48 console is wired to accept thefollowing assignment of computing components:

POStilONDESCRIPIION

Amplifier

do the work of seueral

POSITION No.

0 through 11

0 through 11 Potentiometer0, 2, 3,'4, 5, 6, Int. Network7, 8, 9, 10,': i t,0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Non-Linear7, 8, 9, 10, 11, Int. Network0 through 11 Non-Linear0 through 11 Non-Linear(with exception Int. Networkof #1 Int. Net.)0 through 11 Non-Linear(with exception Integrator

of Jf 1 Int. Net.) Network1 Integrator

NetworkIntegrator

4, 7, L0 Network4,7, I0 Integrator

Network

SIAVING TR-48 COMPUTERS . . . provides a "MultipleTR-48" analog computer with sufficient capacity tosolve highly complex system design problems. Withthe TR-48 SLAVE feature you have complete controlof your problem solution from either computer.TR-48 Computers are easily SLAVED or discon-nected to permit the solution of two or more individualproblems simultaneously.

PHYSICAT DESCRIPTION

COMPONENI

Type 6.514 AmplifierType 42.283

PotentiometerType L2.764

Int. NetrvorkType 7.099 Multiplier

Type 1.6.274Type'J.6.276

LOG DFG

Type 16.275

VDFG& 16.281

X' DFGwidthHeight

48 inches25 inches

Type 12.763 Recorder

Type 12.766Function Switeh

Type 19.261 Trunks

DepthWeight . . . . . . 320 lbs. ,Power SourcePower Requirement ..

;il;;;. ii;ii;115/230 volts,. . . . . . . . . . under

(fully

20ä inchesexpanded)50-60 cycle150 wattsexpanded)

Note: Special computers may be supplied, with differentassignment of computing components.

Tigltten the pre-patclt pamelretai,ruing frame.

At tlte front of tlte computerand wi,th the pre-patah panelremooed, Ioosen the two re-tai.ruing fasteners whi,ch se-ane tlte componen! to bereplaced.

PuIl the component out ofthe computer.

PIug the d,es'ireil componentinto the emptg posi.tion. Nore-wi,ri,ng'i,s necessarg.

P /A C -l-- TF?-4€J^

is backed by EAI's unpo,ralleled experience inthe deuelopment, manufacture and applicationof general purpose analog computers

PACE PC-|2 Contlol Computer PACE TR-l0... the first oll-trqnri:lorized Anolog Computor

(Equi,pment speeifications contained herein ore subject to change)

PRINTED IN USA Bu l l e t i n No . AC 6222 - l -B