Early Early AmericaAmerica

TimelineTimeline

Who came and WhyWho came and WhySpain Spain (South)(South)

Pope Cuts them loose in 1494Pope Cuts them loose in 1494 Central America and MexicoCentral America and Mexico Conquer for the crownConquer for the crown

France France (North)(North)

Jamestown (1619)Jamestown (1619) Joint Stock CompanyJoint Stock Company

England England (Colonies) (Colonies)

Plymouth (Pilgrims) 1620Plymouth (Pilgrims) 1620 Religious SeparatistsReligious Separatists

Explorers Explorers

SpainSpain

Portugal Portugal ( frontrunners early 1400’s)( frontrunners early 1400’s)

Dispute for rule after ColumbusDispute for rule after Columbus The Pope Splits the WorldThe Pope Splits the World

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

Tordesillas Meridian Tordesillas Meridian 14941494

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers

All about the Benjamin'sAll about the Benjamin's Gold, Riches, ResourcesGold, Riches, Resources

Interaction with NativesInteraction with Natives Conquer/Take for the CrownConquer/Take for the Crown

AssimilationAssimilation

Cortez in MexicoCortez in Mexico

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Disease and DeathDisease and DeathNative Slaves - AfricaNative Slaves - Africa

Old World receives agricultural Old World receives agricultural gemsgems

Riches for Mother LandRiches for Mother Land

Triangle Trade Triangle Trade (more when we talk about England)(more when we talk about England)

Blending CulturesBlending Cultures

Desert SouthwestDesert Southwest

Some tolerance between whites and nativesSome tolerance between whites and natives

Early French Early French SettlementsSettlements

New France (1608)New France (1608)

Outpost of QuébecOutpost of Québec Trading with Native AmericansTrading with Native Americans Fur Traders and Jesuit MissionariesFur Traders and Jesuit Missionaries

By Late 1600By Late 1600 Expanded South Mississippi delta areaExpanded South Mississippi delta area

Growing tobacco and other cropsGrowing tobacco and other crops Importing SlavesImporting Slaves

Here come the EnglishHere come the English

Jamestown VirginiaJamestown VirginiaJoint Stock CompanyJoint Stock Company

Investors set up colony for profitInvestors set up colony for profit

Many immigrated to the colony from EnglandMany immigrated to the colony from England In 1619 As assembly government was foundedIn 1619 As assembly government was founded Population grew to 4,500 settlers by 1622Population grew to 4,500 settlers by 1622

They came in the name of They came in the name of GodGod

King James was persecuting Puritans as separatistsKing James was persecuting Puritans as separatists

1620 these “Pilgrims” set sail for Virginia1620 these “Pilgrims” set sail for Virginia

Ended up off Cape Cod (This is not Virginia, way north)Ended up off Cape Cod (This is not Virginia, way north)

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

10 years later, more Puritans came and made more 10 years later, more Puritans came and made more townstowns

Representative Government closely tied with churchRepresentative Government closely tied with church Strict behavioral rulesStrict behavioral rules ElectionsElections

Suppressed all other religious beliefsSuppressed all other religious beliefs

Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies

As English settlements As English settlements grew, colonists developed grew, colonists developed different forms of different forms of government.government.

Big Idea

New EnglandNew England

Connect, Pennsylvania, filled with religious Connect, Pennsylvania, filled with religious puritans who were exiled or fled puritans who were exiled or fled Massachusetts for conflicting idealsMassachusetts for conflicting ideals

• Religious devotion

• Hard work

• Obedience to strict rules

• Town life

Northern New EnglandNorthern New England

– From Connecticut to Maine, colonists From Connecticut to Maine, colonists practiced practiced subsistence farmingsubsistence farming..• Maritime activity brought prosperity to New

England.

• A thriving lumber industry developed as well.– By the end of King Philip’s War in 1678, few Native

Americans were left in New England.

New England Colonies formed their own governments including some official constitutions.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

– Charles the II seized New Netherland from Charles the II seized New Netherland from the Dutch and granted the land to his the Dutch and granted the land to his brother, James, the Duke of York.brother, James, the Duke of York.

• He renamed it New York.

• The rest of the land became New Jersey.

– In 1681 King Charles gave William Penn permission to create a new colony—Pennsylvania.

• Coastal land to the southeast of his land later Coastal land to the southeast of his land later became Delaware.became Delaware.

–In 1681 King Charles gave William Penn permission to create a new colony—Pennsylvania.

– The Middle Colonies were blessed with fertile land and a long growing season.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

– Agriculture Agriculture waswas the focus of the Southern the focus of the Southern economy.economy.

• There was plenty of land, but not enough people to work it.

– Many poor English people came to America as indentured servants.

• Southern farmers also relied on the labor of enslaved Africans.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

– Southern society was organized in the Southern society was organized in the following way:following way:

• Large landowners—few in number, but dominated Southern society

• Small farmers living inland in the backcountry—the majority of Southern society

• Tenant farmers

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion

• Many wealthy planters were convinced that land should be made available to backcountry farmers.

• Virginia’s reliance on enslaved Africans rather than indentured servants was increased.

• King Charles II granted a charter to the Royal African Company to engage in slave trade.

Growth in the ColoniesGrowth in the Colonies

The different colonies created new social The different colonies created new social structures that were more open than those of structures that were more open than those of aristocratic Europe.aristocratic Europe.

Big IdeasCulture and Beliefs Immigrants from Europe or those brought by force from Africa greatly increased the population of the American colonies in the 1700s.

• Early colonial merchants Early colonial merchants developed systems of developed systems of triangular triangular tradetrade because settlers produced because settlers produced few goods that England wanted in few goods that England wanted in exchange for goods they exchange for goods they purchased.purchased.

• Soon, factories fostered the growth of cities in the North.

Hierarchy of the Hierarchy of the ColoniesColonies

– Wealthy merchantsWealthy merchants

– ArtisansArtisans

– Innkeepers and retailersInnkeepers and retailers

– People without skills or propertyPeople without skills or property

– Indentured servants and Indentured servants and enslaved Africansenslaved Africans

GrowthGrowth

• Women did not have equal rights in colonial Women did not have equal rights in colonial America, but in the 1700s the status of America, but in the 1700s the status of married women improved.married women improved.

• Historians estimate that some 10 to 12 Historians estimate that some 10 to 12 million Africans were enslaved and million Africans were enslaved and sent to the Americas between 1450 sent to the Americas between 1450 and 1870.and 1870.

•Between 1700 and 1775, hundreds of thousands of Germans, Scots-Irish, and Jews immigrated to America.

• Charles II was determined to use the colonies Charles II was determined to use the colonies to generate wealth for England.to generate wealth for England.

Unpopular British laws and taxes led to colonial protests and violence.

•The British government had learned that the colonist were smuggling goods without paying customs duties—taxes on imports and exports.

•British imposed TONS of acts to get money from the colonists

•These Were VERY UNPOPULAR

Section 3Section 3

– The Townshend Acts of 1767

• In October 1765 representatives from nine colonies met for what became known as the Stamp Act Congress.

Growing Rebelliousness )

– They issued the Declaration of Rights and Grievances.

– They also boycotted all goods made in Britain, forcing the British to repeal the Stamp Act.

The Road to War

When Britain introduced new laws to assert its authority, the colonists decided to declare their independence.

• When some 150 colonists seized and burned the stranded customs ship Gaspee, the British gave investigators the authority to bring suspects back to England for trial.

– Colonists created committees of correspondence to communicate with one another and coordinate strategy.

The Road to War

• In May 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act.

– The colonist revolted in what became known as the Boston Tea Party.

• Parliament passed the following new laws, known as the Intolerable Acts, in response to the Boston Tea Party:

The First Continental Congress met in response to the Intolerable Acts.

– They agreed to boycott British goods and to hold a second Continental Congress in May 1775.

• Great Britain suspended the Massachusetts assembly, and Massachusetts lawmakers responded by naming John Hancock as their leader.

The town of Concord created a special unit of minutemen to fight the British.

• Two factions formed as the revolution began:

– Loyalists, or Tories, supported England

– Patriots, or Whigs, supported America

Tensions RiseTensions Rise

Colonists reach out to England by Colonists reach out to England by sending them the Olive Branch sending them the Olive Branch Petition in 1775Petition in 1775

King George Refused to Sign itKing George Refused to Sign it

Colonists felt there was no other Colonists felt there was no other course than to declare course than to declare independenceindependence

Deceleration of Deceleration of IndependenceIndependence

Lets examine History in contextLets examine History in context

HBO Film John Adams HBO Film John Adams takes an in depth look at takes an in depth look at the people and stakes the people and stakes involved in forging this involved in forging this documentdocument