early childhood rights indicators; a tool to promote the ... · q1 q2 q3 q4 % vulnerable 27,3 23,9...
TRANSCRIPT
Early Childhood Rights Indicators; a tool
to promote the Early Child Development
Ziba Vaghri, PhD
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, Canada Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
Modeling the success story
Piloting the Early Childhood Rights Indicators
The Early Childhood Rights Indicators (ECRI)
Early Child Development a potent Social Determinant of HrealH
Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC)
“…social determinants of health are responsible for almost half of the variation in
health outcomes of populations…”
The World Health Organization declared:
Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
100
80
60
40
20
0
Ag
e (
years
)
Sarah Ann Jean Liz Pierre
84
72
57
36
1
Source:
Free material from
www.gapminder.org
100
80
60
40
20
0
93 A
ge (
years
)
Sara Anton Jan Lisa Per
63
77 84
88
Source:
Free material from
www.gapminder.org
100
80
60
40
20
0
Ag
e (
years
)
81
50
Source:
Free material from
www.gapminder.org
20 000 $ 2000 $ 200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Lif
e e
xp
ecta
nc
y
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1 Population
(millions)
50 Burundi
81
Sweden
Source:
Free material from
www.gapminder.org
31,9 29,1
23,1
13,7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
very poor poor not poor well-off
% vulnerable Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
Percent vulnerable and SES Canada
31,9 29,1
23,1
13,7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
very poor poor not poor well-off
% vulnerable
Canada
56,3
43,2 40
30,8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
% vulnerable
27,3 23,9
17,5 16,1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Very poor Poor Not poor Rich
% vulnerable
Mexico
Kosovo
Australia
Canada
35,3
27,6 26,3 24
18,7
11,2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bottom
10%
10-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-90% Top 90%
% vulnerable
Percent vulnerable children and SES
31,9 29,1
23,1
13,7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
very poor poor not poor well-off
% vulnerable
Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
• 9 Knowledge Network (KN), 2005-2007
• Our institute was designated as WHO’s KN for Early
Child Development
• Commissioner's Report in August of 2008
WHO’s Commissioner on Social
Determinants of Health (2005-2008)
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“Equity
from the
Start”
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Overarching CSDH Recommendations
Improve daily living conditions, including the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action
Tackle the inequitable distribution of power money and resources
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The WHO-commissioner`s report
identified ECD as the most potent
social determinant of health!
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Sensitive Periods in Early Brain Development
Vision
0 1 2 3 7 6 5 4
High
Low
Years
Habitual ways of responding
Emotional control
Peer social skills Numbers
Hearing
Graph developed by Council for Early Child Development (ref: Nash, 1997; Early Years Study, 1999; Shonkoff, 2000.)
Pre-school years School years
So, the brain sculpts itself in
response to;
• Pre-programmed “critical Periods”
• A wide range of stimuli in the environment
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2nd
Decade
3rd/4th
Decade
5th/6th
Decade
Old Age
School Failure
Teen Pregnancy
Criminality
Obesity
Elevated Blood
Pressure
Depression
Coronary
Heart Disease
Diabetes
Premature
Aging
Memory Loss Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
Environments matter!
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Which environments matter?
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Total Environment Assessment
Model,
Qualities of environments in
which children are born,
grow and learn have key role
in their developmental
outcome!
TEAM-ECD
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Total Environment Assessment Model of ECD
TEAM-ECD
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Vaghri et al, 2012
Associations of maternal education with cortisol level of
Vancouver preschoolers
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BRAZIL: an unequal country striving
towards health equity
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Alliances should be
encouraged.
A unified international
ECD monitoring
mechanism
UN-CRC ; monitoring
& accountability tool
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Connecting the dots……
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The need for monitoring ECD-related
processes and outcomes
The need for global alliance
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CRC
Flickr, Photo by katclay
In 1989 the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was introduced to the world
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CRC: Article 1
defines the child as:
“Every human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to
the child, majority is attained earlier.”
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Non-Discrimination
Best Interests
of the child
The right to his or her
views & be heard
The right to life, survival
& development
54 Articles of CRC
3 Ps of Child Rights,
Protection, Article:19, 32
Participation, Article:12
Provision, Article:24, 26
Right to Survival; Article:6
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Courtesy of Professor Yanghee Lee
Protective, Welfare status
Holders of Rights
Actors in promoting
& protecting own rights
Change in paradigm
Parties shall undertake all appropriate
legislative, administrative, and other
measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the present Convention.
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0
50
100
150
200
1990 1995 2011
# o
f c
ou
ntr
ies
ratifie
d
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0 50 100 150 200
CRC
CEDAW
ICERD
ICCPR
ICESR
CAT
ICPD
ICMW
ICPED
Ratification of Treaties
CRC
Number of Countries
Exis
tin
g H
um
an
Rig
hts
Tre
atie
s
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1989
GC-7: Implementing child rights in early childhood 2002
History of GC7
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Child advocates/researchers: Need for a more user-friendly and useful set of GC7 indicators
2005
UNCRC invites group to develop indicators for GC7 2006
History of GC7
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2005
2006
GC7 indicators presented to CRC
Indicators of GC7 completed
May 2008
2008
History of GC7
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UNCRC
GC7
Indicators
Group
HELP
UNCRC
UNICEF
WHO
ICC
CGECCD
SOS-K.
Intl
AKF BvL
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Layout of Indicators
Structure Process Outcome
Has there been a reduction in the last five years in
the number of occurrence of all forms of violence
perpetrated against young children?
Are there initiatives to raise awareness and prevent violent physical and emotional
(demeaning, ridiculing) disciplinary measures on children?
Are there measures in place to ensure adequate data collection to monitor the progress made on
the implementation of the right of young children to freedom from violence?
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Suggestions
Positive
parenting
education
Public
education
through media
Steps to have such programs
NO
In-service
training of
professionals
Are there initiatives to raise awareness and prevent violent physical and emotional
(demeaning, ridiculing) disciplinary measures on children?
Canada’s Nobody’s
P e r f e c t :
http://www.bccf.ca/profe
ssionals/programs/nobod
y s - p e r f e c t
Child Rights Education for
Professionals (CRED-PRO):
http://www.iicrd.org/work/projects/com
munity_of_practice/CREDPRO
F a c e b o o k : http://mashable.com/2010/12/03/car
toons-facebook-end-violence/
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Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
“The Committee welcomes the plans to finalize
this project so that a set of broadly applicable
indicators regarding the implementation of rights
of young children becomes available. The next
steps have to be pilot studies in order to test and
revise the list of indicators if necessary.”
“The Committee welcomes the plans to finalize
this project so that a set of broadly applicable
indicators regarding the implementation of rights
of young children becomes available. The next
steps have to be pilot studies in order to test and
revise the list of indicators if necessary.”
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Tanzania 552 USD
GDP/Capita
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Chile 13,300 USD
GDP/Capita
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YES
NO
PARTIAL YES/PARTIAL NO
Chile
Heatmaps
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YES
NO
PARTIAL YES/PARTIAL NO
Tanzania - 2012
Heatmaps
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YES
NO
PARTIAL YES/PARTIAL NO
Tanzania - 2017
Heatmaps
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Tanzania - 2022
Heatmaps YES
NO
PARTIAL YES/PARTIAL NO
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Looking Forward
Progressing
Linking
Looking ahead
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Optimal Investment Levels
Preschool School Post School
Age 0
Investment and opportunity
Cumulative Public Investment
Source: Carneiro & Heckman, Human Social Policy (2003)
Evidence
• A global momentum has been built for young children
• The momentum built in inter American states has reached its climax
• To harvest this momentum, our actions and investments in children
need to be monitored
• Work in LAC indicates the usefulness of indicators as a monitoring tool
Where do we go from here…
Why monitor? • Accountability of the states parties to children can only be verified
through monitoring..
• Progressive realization over time can only be measured by monitoring .
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Chile
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Colombia
Medellin, Colombia
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NB Courtesy of Dr. Ziba Vaghri, Human Early Learning Partnership
We are ready for a
regional implementation
NOW!
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…we do not wait till they are big and the opportunity is lost and
then we start investing in their school/ high school/ university
years. The investment in children starts during the early years and
through providing nurturing environments for the young!
Prof. Clyde Hertzman, OC (1953-2013)
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