early cold war politics truman, mccarthy & eisenhower created by mr. johnson
TRANSCRIPT
Early Cold War Early Cold War PoliticsPolitics
Truman, McCarthy & EisenhowerTruman, McCarthy & EisenhowerCreated by Created by
Mr. Johnson Mr. Johnson
““Fair Deal”Fair Deal”
• Continuation of New Deal Continuation of New Deal liberalismliberalism• Universal health care Universal health care
systemsystem• Protection for labor unionsProtection for labor unions• Civil rightsCivil rights
• Fair Employment Practices Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)Commission (FEPC)
• Integration of armed forcesIntegration of armed forces
• Opposed by CongressOpposed by Congress• conservative Republicansconservative Republicans• southern Democratssouthern Democrats
Labor Unions?Labor Unions?
• Taft-Hartley Act, 1947Taft-Hartley Act, 1947• Was Passed over Truman’s Was Passed over Truman’s
vetoveto• Anti-union lawAnti-union law• Sponsored by RepublicansSponsored by Republicans• End of New Deal labor End of New Deal labor
policiespolicies• ProvisionsProvisions
– Prohibited closed shopsProhibited closed shops– Non-Communist oathNon-Communist oath– Stopped donations to Stopped donations to
campaignscampaigns– 60-day cool off before strike60-day cool off before strike
DixiecratsDixiecrats
• ““States Rights States Rights Democratic Democratic Party”Party”
• Strom Strom ThurmondThurmond
• Abandoned Abandoned Truman in the Truman in the 1948 election 1948 election b/c of civil b/c of civil rightsrights
Truman’s Loyalty ProgramTruman’s Loyalty Program
• 19471947• Investigations of Investigations of
“disloyal” “disloyal” AmericansAmericans
House Unamerican Activities House Unamerican Activities CommitteeCommittee
• HUAC• “I am not
now, nor have I ever been, a member of the communist party.”
Dennis v. U.S., 1951Dennis v. U.S., 1951
• Communist PartyCommunist Party– 11stst Amendment? Amendment?– Subversion of U.S. Subversion of U.S.
government?government?
• Ruling:Ruling:– No specific threats of No specific threats of
violence, but…violence, but…– Guilty of conspiracy Guilty of conspiracy
against U.S. against U.S. governmentgovernment
1952 McCarran-Walter Act1952 McCarran-Walter Act
• Immigration Immigration restrictions on restrictions on Communist countriesCommunist countries– Soviet UnionSoviet Union– Soviet blocSoviet bloc– ChinaChina
• ProvisionsProvisions– QuotasQuotas– Deportation Deportation
proceduresprocedures
Whittaker ChambersWhittaker Chambers
• Soviet spy from Soviet spy from 1935-19381935-1938
• Editor of Time Editor of Time MagazineMagazine
• 1948 – Brought 1948 – Brought before HUACbefore HUAC– Accused Alger Accused Alger
Hiss of being a Hiss of being a spyspy
– Hid documents Hid documents in a pumpkin on in a pumpkin on his farmhis farm
Alger HissAlger Hiss
• Tried for Tried for perjuryperjury
• Imprisoned Imprisoned 1950-19541950-1954
• Maintained Maintained his his innocence innocence until his until his deathdeath
Julius & Ethel RosenbergJulius & Ethel Rosenberg
• Members of Members of Communist Communist PartyParty
• Accused of Accused of being being atomic atomic spiesspies
David GreenglassDavid Greenglass
• Brother of Brother of Ethel Ethel RosenbergRosenberg
• Employee Employee at Los at Los AlamosAlamos
• Testified Testified against against Julius & Julius & EthelEthel
The Venona PapersThe Venona Papers
• Hiss was guiltyHiss was guilty• Julius was guiltyJulius was guilty• Ethel was Ethel was
probably not probably not guiltyguilty
McCarthy’s TacticsMcCarthy’s Tactics
• Hatch Act Hatch Act (1938) – made it (1938) – made it illegal for the illegal for the federal federal government to government to employ employ members of the members of the Communist Communist partyparty
• ““I hold in my I hold in my hand a list of hand a list of names…”names…”
Margaret Chase SmithMargaret Chase Smith
• ““Declaration of Declaration of Conscience” Conscience” SpeechSpeech
• It is not “un-It is not “un-American” toAmerican” to– CriticizeCriticize– ProtestProtest– Hold unpopular Hold unpopular
beliefsbeliefs– Think independentlyThink independently
The Army Hearings – Joseph WelchThe Army Hearings – Joseph Welch
• Attorney for the Army
• Condemned Condemned McCarthy’s McCarthy’s bullying tacticsbullying tactics– ““Have you no sense Have you no sense
of decency, sir?”of decency, sir?”
• Video linkVideo link– McCarthy-Welch McCarthy-Welch
ExchangeExchange
Arthur MillerArthur Miller
• Married Marilyn Married Marilyn MonroeMonroe
• PlaywrightPlaywright– Death of a Death of a
SalesmanSalesman, , 19481948
– The CrucibleThe Crucible, , 19531953• McCarthyism & McCarthyism &
Salem Witch Salem Witch TrialsTrials
““Modern Republicanism”Modern Republicanism”
• Compromise between conservatism & liberal “big government”– “Common Good”: Department of Health,
Education & Welfare (HEW)– Infrastructure: Interstate highway system– Energy: “Atoms for Peace”– Space Race: Sputnik sparks NASA– Defense: nuclear weapons build-up– Civil rights: Brown v. Board of Education– Education: National Defense Education Act & Little
Rock Crisis
• Alaska & Hawaii Statehood• Farewell Address: “Military-industrial complex”• Continuation of Cold War containment policy
Eisenhower’s Farewell AddressEisenhower’s Farewell Address
• Dangers of the Dangers of the “military-“military-industrial industrial complex”complex”
Fallout SheltersFallout Shelters
Audio:Audio:
Civil defense radio Civil defense radio announcementannouncement
““Duck & Cover”Duck & Cover”
Click here Click here for the for the educational educational videovideo