Slide 1

Early Earth earliest phase of Earth heating near Moon first seas thin atmosphere of H, CO 2, H 2 O, N 2, CO, NH 3, CH 4 early bombardment Slide 2 Early Bombardment 2 phases? Relative dating Slide 3 Early Earth began to heat as the last extraterrestrial collisions subsided 1.Rock is a good insulator stores heat 2.Collisions produced heat that was stored 3.Radioactivity 4.Gravitational contraction Early in Earth History the Planet Developed a Magma Sea 4.5-4.0 billion years ago What is the physical consequence of melting a homogeneous ball of rock? Slide 4 Temperature reached melting point of iron: Liquid iron flowed inward Friction raised temperature Liquid Silicon and Oxygen flowed outward (Ca/Na/Al/K) Iron Catastrophe Planet became chemically differentiated Slide 5 Lower lithosphere - Fe/Mg Crust Si/O/Fe/Mg/Ca/Na/K/Al Oceanic crust Fe/Mg/Ca Continental crust Si/O/Na Inner core Fe/Ni solid Inner core Fe/Ni solid Outer core Fe/Ni/Mg liquid Outer core Fe/Ni/Mg liquid Mantle Fe/Mg solid rock capable of flow Lithosphere Fe/Mg/Si/O Increasing Fe/Mg toward core Increasing Si/O toward crust Slide 6 Effect of chemical differentiation Slide 7 Earths magnetic field emanates from the core complex and surrounds the planet. Magnetism gained from early nebula is magnified by turbulent iron, nickel fluid of outer core. Magnetic field envelops entire planet Polarity + - tends to reverse and fluctuate with time Slide 8 The Bow Shock Effect Slide 9 How does convection work? Another consequence of differentiation is convection. How will the lithosphere respond to a plume? Slide 10 The continental rifting process Slide 11 Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading Center But if you keep making crust the Earth must be expanding! Right? Slide 12 Spreading center and subduction zone Slide 13 Global Tectonics Partial Melting Partial melting is responsible for evolving mantle rock among other things this gives us continents. Slide 14 Oceanic lithosphere general chemistry is Fe, Mg, Ca, Si, O in the form of a rock Basalt Continental lithosphere general chemistry is Si, O, Al, Na, Kin the form of a rock Granite Slide 15 Slide 16 Plate Movement Ridge Push Slab Pull Plate Drag Slide 17 Slide 18 Main Types of Plate Motion Convergent Divergent Transform Slide 19 Five types of plate boundaries DivergentTransformConvergent Ocean-OceanOcean-Ocean Ocean-ContinentOcean-Continent Continent-ContinentContinent-Continent Slide 20 Five types of plate boundaries DivergentTransformConvergent Ocean-OceanOcean-Ocean Ocean-ContinentOcean-Continent Continent-ContinentContinent-Continent Slide 21 Divergent Boundary Slide 22 Convergent Boundary Slide 23 Transform Boundary Slide 24 Slide 25 Modern Earth Pangea 240 million Slide 26 Origin of India Slide 27 Slide 28 Hot Spot Slide 29 Slide 30 Paleomagnetism Slide 31 Slide 32 Igneous Rocks Slide 33 Sedimentary Rocks Slide 34 Metamorphic Rocks Slide 35 The Rock Cycle Slide 36