early emancipation in the north missouri compromise, 1820

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Page 1: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 2: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Early Emancipation in Early Emancipation in the Norththe North

Early Emancipation in Early Emancipation in the Norththe North

Page 3: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Page 4: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slavery in the SouthSlavery in the South

• At the dawn of the American revolution, many At the dawn of the American revolution, many believed that slavery was on a slow decline, believed that slavery was on a slow decline, much to do with its economic inefficiency and much to do with its economic inefficiency and also from the idealism of the revolution. also from the idealism of the revolution.

• However, everything changed with the Eli However, everything changed with the Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, which made cotton Whitney’s Cotton Gin, which made cotton profitable and it also needed a huge labor profitable and it also needed a huge labor force. As a result, it chained the slave to the force. As a result, it chained the slave to the gin and the planter to the slave. gin and the planter to the slave.

Page 5: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Cotton is King!!!!Cotton is King!!!!

• Cotton became an instant boom crop and many Cotton became an instant boom crop and many planters raced to gain more land in the gulf states. As planters raced to gain more land in the gulf states. As they got more land, they wanted more slaves, so they they got more land, they wanted more slaves, so they could plant more cotton, so they could reap more could plant more cotton, so they could reap more financial rewards. It became cyclical. financial rewards. It became cyclical.

• The North is guilty too. They made huge amounts of The North is guilty too. They made huge amounts of money on the cheap available southern cotton in the money on the cheap available southern cotton in the northern textile mills (where cheap wage slaves northern textile mills (where cheap wage slaves worked). Also, Northern shippers transported massive worked). Also, Northern shippers transported massive amounts of cotton to Britain and made huge profits. amounts of cotton to Britain and made huge profits.

• The prosperity of both the North and the South The prosperity of both the North and the South depended heavily on slave labor, the North indirectly depended heavily on slave labor, the North indirectly and the South directly. and the South directly.

Page 6: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Cotton is King!!!!Cotton is King!!!!

• In 1840, 50% of the value of American exports was In 1840, 50% of the value of American exports was cottoncotton

• In 1840, the South produced more than half of the In 1840, the South produced more than half of the entire world’s supply of cotton.entire world’s supply of cotton.

• 75 percent of the cotton used in Britain, who employed 75 percent of the cotton used in Britain, who employed 20% of its workforce in textiles, was from the South. 20% of its workforce in textiles, was from the South.

• The main point, Cotton was making a killing and The main point, Cotton was making a killing and southern plantation owners essentially had a southern plantation owners essentially had a monopoly on the world’s cotton market.monopoly on the world’s cotton market.

• So much so, the South believed that if a war were to So much so, the South believed that if a war were to happen between the North and South, the British happen between the North and South, the British Royal Navy would stop any attempts by the North to Royal Navy would stop any attempts by the North to blockade the South’s cotton.blockade the South’s cotton.

Page 7: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern

AgricultureAgriculture

Page 8: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

18201820

18601860

Page 9: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi

PlantationPlantation

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi

PlantationPlantation

Page 10: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Page 11: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

Page 12: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern AristocracySouthern Aristocracy• South is an oligarchy because of the wealth South is an oligarchy because of the wealth

and influence of the planter aristocracy.and influence of the planter aristocracy.– 1,733 families owned more than 100 slaves each. 1,733 families owned more than 100 slaves each. – These families provided the cream of the political These families provided the cream of the political

and social leadership. and social leadership. – Image of the large columned white plantation Image of the large columned white plantation

house of the “cottonocracy”house of the “cottonocracy”

• Sir Walter ScottSir Walter Scott– Famous author idolized in the South because he Famous author idolized in the South because he

wrote about feudal society with manors and wrote about feudal society with manors and castles. Many southern plantation owners viewed castles. Many southern plantation owners viewed themselves as lords and kings in a feudal society. themselves as lords and kings in a feudal society. This is why they were attracted to Scott’s books, This is why they were attracted to Scott’s books, they reflected their archaic medieval society. they reflected their archaic medieval society.

Page 13: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

TaraTara – Plantation Reality – Plantation Reality or Myth?or Myth?

TaraTara – Plantation Reality – Plantation Reality or Myth?or Myth?

Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?

Page 14: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Women and the PlantationsWomen and the Plantations

• Women who married plantation owners Women who married plantation owners controlled a sizable household staff:controlled a sizable household staff:– Cooks, maids, seamstresses, laundresses, and Cooks, maids, seamstresses, laundresses, and

body servantsbody servants

• Bonds varied between households. Some Bonds varied between households. Some women had affectionate bonds while others women had affectionate bonds while others were cruel and mistreated the slaves.were cruel and mistreated the slaves.

• However, despite accounts of kindness, However, despite accounts of kindness, essentially no slaveholding women believed in essentially no slaveholding women believed in abolition or advocated for it. abolition or advocated for it.

Page 15: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 16: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Plantation WastePlantation Waste

• Plantations were actually quite wasteful and inefficient. Plantations were actually quite wasteful and inefficient. – Harsh for the land and destroyed the soilHarsh for the land and destroyed the soil– Economy became more monopolistic and many small farmers Economy became more monopolistic and many small farmers

were forced to leave to the West or Northwest to eek out a were forced to leave to the West or Northwest to eek out a living. Basically, the big got bigger and the small got smaller. living. Basically, the big got bigger and the small got smaller. (Think Walmart and small mom and pop stores)(Think Walmart and small mom and pop stores)

• Additionally, it was financially unstable.Additionally, it was financially unstable.– Overpopulation in land and slaves caused economic Overpopulation in land and slaves caused economic

instability and debtinstability and debt– Slaves represented a heavy investment of capitalSlaves represented a heavy investment of capital– Dependence on one-crop economy (think the Irish and the Dependence on one-crop economy (think the Irish and the

potato). So no manufacturing, which made the South potato). So no manufacturing, which made the South dependent upon the Northdependent upon the North

Page 17: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 18: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Characteristics Characteristics of the of the

Antebellum Antebellum SouthSouth

Characteristics Characteristics of the of the

Antebellum Antebellum SouthSouth

1.1. Primarily agrarian.Primarily agrarian.

2.2. Economic power shifted from the Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”“upper South” to the “lower South.”

3.3. ““Cotton Is King!”Cotton Is King!” * 1860 * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). (57% of total US exports).

4.4. Very slow development of Very slow development of industrialization.industrialization.

5.5. Rudimentary financial system.Rudimentary financial system.

6.6. Inadequate transportation system.Inadequate transportation system.

Page 19: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)

““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”[plantation owners][plantation owners]

1,733 Families1,733 Families

““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”[plantation owners][plantation owners]

1,733 Families1,733 Families

Other Slaveowners (345,000 families) Other Slaveowners (345,000 families) 2/3 of which owned less than 2/3 of which owned less than

10 slaves each) 1.7 million people10 slaves each) 1.7 million people

Other Slaveowners (345,000 families) Other Slaveowners (345,000 families) 2/3 of which owned less than 2/3 of which owned less than

10 slaves each) 1.7 million people10 slaves each) 1.7 million people

Black FreemenBlack FreemenBlack FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves4,000,0004,000,000

Black SlavesBlack Slaves4,000,0004,000,000

250,000250,000

Total US Population Total US Population 23,000,000 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Whites who owned no slaves6.1 million people

Page 20: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Page 21: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

Page 22: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern Southern PopulationPopulationSouthern Southern

PopulationPopulation

Page 23: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

White non-plantation populationWhite non-plantation population

• Usually owned no more than 10 slaves and Usually owned no more than 10 slaves and many families had one or 2 slaves. many families had one or 2 slaves. Sometimes up to a family of slavesSometimes up to a family of slaves

• In total, only ¼ of the southern white In total, only ¼ of the southern white population owned slaves.population owned slaves.

• There were 6,120, 825 white non slave There were 6,120, 825 white non slave owners in the southowners in the south– They scraped a living and life was tough. Lived a They scraped a living and life was tough. Lived a

simple life in the mountains or in the backcountrysimple life in the mountains or in the backcountry– Viewed plantation owners as a snobocracy and Viewed plantation owners as a snobocracy and

benefitted little from slavery.benefitted little from slavery.

Page 24: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

White non-plantation populationWhite non-plantation population

• However, why did the poor white non-However, why did the poor white non-slave owners defend slavery?slave owners defend slavery?– Idea of perhaps owning slaves themselves Idea of perhaps owning slaves themselves

and improving their lot, gaining their southern and improving their lot, gaining their southern American DreamAmerican Dream

– Took solace in idea of racial superiority of Took solace in idea of racial superiority of whites that was preached in the South and whites that was preached in the South and that even though southern whites were poor, that even though southern whites were poor, slaves still ranked below them on the social slaves still ranked below them on the social ladder. ladder.

Page 25: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Mountain folkMountain folk

• Isolated from the rest of the South in the Isolated from the rest of the South in the Appalachian mountains. Kind of a throwback Appalachian mountains. Kind of a throwback to an earlier time and stuck in time. Some to an earlier time and stuck in time. Some even kept some Elizabethan speech even kept some Elizabethan speech patterns.patterns.

• Little in common with the other whites and far Little in common with the other whites and far from King Cotton. from King Cotton.

• During the Civil war, many of these whites in During the Civil war, many of these whites in the mountains sided with the Union and the mountains sided with the Union and helped in winning the war for the North. helped in winning the war for the North.

Page 26: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

African American PopulationAfrican American Population

• In 1860, roughly 250,000 free blacks lived in In 1860, roughly 250,000 free blacks lived in the South. the South. – Upper South- many emancipated after the spirit of Upper South- many emancipated after the spirit of

idealism spread during the revolutionary War idealism spread during the revolutionary War periodperiod

– Deep South- many free blacks were mulattoes. Deep South- many free blacks were mulattoes. However, some free blacks also purchased their However, some free blacks also purchased their freedom with earnings from labor after hours.freedom with earnings from labor after hours.

• In New Orleans, there was a sizable mulatto In New Orleans, there was a sizable mulatto population and many owned property. William population and many owned property. William T. Johnson was a free black in New Orleans T. Johnson was a free black in New Orleans who owned 15 slaves.who owned 15 slaves.

Page 27: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Laws Against Free BlacksLaws Against Free Blacks• In many ways, free blacks in the South were like a In many ways, free blacks in the South were like a

“third race”:“third race”:– Forbidden from certain jobs and testifying against whites in Forbidden from certain jobs and testifying against whites in

courtcourt– Constant fear of being kidnapped by slave tradersConstant fear of being kidnapped by slave traders– Slave system saw them as a threat because they were Slave system saw them as a threat because they were

examples of what a non-slave society could achieve.examples of what a non-slave society could achieve.

• In the North: (250,000 free blacks)In the North: (250,000 free blacks)– Some states forbade entrance, most denied right to vote, Some states forbade entrance, most denied right to vote,

and some barred free blacks from school. and some barred free blacks from school. – The Irish often fought against free blacks in the North The Irish often fought against free blacks in the North

because they competed for jobs with them. because they competed for jobs with them.

• Frederick Douglas was mobbed and beaten in the Frederick Douglas was mobbed and beaten in the North many times. North many times. – Common thought of the day was that southerners hated Common thought of the day was that southerners hated

blacks as a race but liked the individuals while northerners blacks as a race but liked the individuals while northerners professed they liked the race, but disliked individual blacks. professed they liked the race, but disliked individual blacks.

Page 28: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern SlaverySouthern Slavery

• In 1860, estimated 4 million slaves in the In 1860, estimated 4 million slaves in the South (quadrupled since 1800)South (quadrupled since 1800)

• Legal importation was banned in 1808, Legal importation was banned in 1808, however….however….– Illegal slave trade continued as many smuggled Illegal slave trade continued as many smuggled – N.P. Gordon, was hanged for participating in illegal N.P. Gordon, was hanged for participating in illegal

slave trade in 1862 in New York. Only recorded slave trade in 1862 in New York. Only recorded time of a slave trader being punished executed.time of a slave trader being punished executed.

– Bulk of the increase came from natural Bulk of the increase came from natural reproduction, which made American slave reproduction, which made American slave population unique in the world. population unique in the world.

Page 29: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 30: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 31: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Plantation LifePlantation Life

• Slaves primarily seen as investments, Slaves primarily seen as investments, and 2 billion dollars sunk into slavery by and 2 billion dollars sunk into slavery by 1860. Thus, as any capitalist, planters 1860. Thus, as any capitalist, planters looked to make sure their investment looked to make sure their investment was cared for as an asset was cared for as an asset – As a result, many slaves were barred from As a result, many slaves were barred from

doing dangerous work. This was usually doing dangerous work. This was usually done by Irish laborers, if a next was to be done by Irish laborers, if a next was to be broken, better it was not a slave.broken, better it was not a slave.

Page 32: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823

Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823Slave auctions were

brutal sights and showedthe lack of humanity thatwas the slave system.Many families were separated. Many slaveswere sold alongside cattleand horses, further diminishing their humanity.One of the worst legaciesof slavery was the lack ofconcern in keeping familiestogether and the separationof families at these slaveauctions

Page 33: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856

Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856

Page 34: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave MasterBrands

Slave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave Accoutrements

Slave muzzleLife on the plantations varied greatly based on the slave owner. However, everywhere meant hard work, ignorance, and oppression. Slaves worked from dawn to dusk everyday, under constant threat of the overseer and his whip. No civil or political rights and could not testify in court.

Page 35: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave tag, SC

Slave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave Accoutrements

Slave leg irons

Slave shoes

Floggings were common becauseThe whip was an alternative to theWage-incentive system. Some Slaves sent to the “breaker” who Used cruel lashings to “break” a Slaves will to resist.

Page 36: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Anti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave Pamphlet

Page 37: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

By 1860, majority of slaves lived in the Deep South wereCotton Farming was the most practiced. In some counties, Slaves accounted for over 75% of the population. This allowed for secure family life and also the creation of a Distinct African-American culture.

Page 38: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

African-American CultureAfrican-American Culture

• Signs of family continuity evidenced in the Signs of family continuity evidenced in the following:following:– Practice of naming children for grandparents and Practice of naming children for grandparents and

surnames not of their current master, but of a surnames not of their current master, but of a forebear’s masterforebear’s master

– Avoiding marriage between first cousins, displaying Avoiding marriage between first cousins, displaying African cultural rootsAfrican cultural roots

– In religion, many embraced Christianity, but mixed In religion, many embraced Christianity, but mixed it with African elements.it with African elements.

– Evident in the responsorial style of preaching, Evident in the responsorial style of preaching, which was an adaptation of traditions in Africawhich was an adaptation of traditions in Africa

Page 39: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

A Slave FamilyA Slave FamilyA Slave FamilyA Slave Family

Page 40: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

The Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or

Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.

2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.

3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.

4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

Page 41: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 42: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. Destroying crops and pilfering

food. Sabotaging expensive equipment, and sometimes poisoned master’s food.

Sambo-Negative Caricature ofSlaves.

Page 43: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance2. Refusal to work hard.

3. Isolated acts of sabotage.

4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Page 44: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads

Page 45: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Page 46: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

$40,000 bounty on her head.

Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

Page 47: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Page 48: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

Page 49: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

“Tracks” ==== routes

“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

Page 50: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slavery Was Less Slavery Was Less Efficient Efficient

in the U. S. than in the U. S. than ElsewhereElsewhere

Slavery Was Less Slavery Was Less Efficient Efficient

in the U. S. than in the U. S. than ElsewhereElsewhere

High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.

GOAL raise the “exit cost.”u Slave patrols.

u Southern Black Codes.

u Cut off a toe or a foot.

Page 51: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave Rebellions Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South

Slave Rebellions Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South

1822

Gabriel Prosser

1800

Page 52: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:

Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831

Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:

Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831

Page 53: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820
Page 54: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

American Colonization SocietyAmerican Colonization Society• In 1817, American Colonization Society In 1817, American Colonization Society

founded with the purpose of transporting founded with the purpose of transporting blacks back to Africa.blacks back to Africa.

• In 1822, country of Liberia founded in In 1822, country of Liberia founded in West Africa for this purpose (capital West Africa for this purpose (capital Monrovia after President James Monroe)Monrovia after President James Monroe)

• 15,000 Blacks and ex-slaves moved to 15,000 Blacks and ex-slaves moved to Liberia over the next four decades. Liberia over the next four decades. However, idea was not attractive to many However, idea was not attractive to many because most southern slaves were because most southern slaves were African-Americans born in America with African-Americans born in America with their own distinct culture separate from their own distinct culture separate from African culture. African culture.

Page 55: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

1830’s and Abolition1830’s and Abolition

• 1833, Great Britain banned slavery in West 1833, Great Britain banned slavery in West Indies. Indies.

• Second Great Awakening spurred and Second Great Awakening spurred and inspired the abolition movement alsoinspired the abolition movement also

• Theodore Dwight Weld was evangelized by Theodore Dwight Weld was evangelized by Finney and became an ardent supporter of Finney and became an ardent supporter of abolition. Went to Lane Theological Seminary, abolition. Went to Lane Theological Seminary, where he and other students were expelled where he and other students were expelled for waging an 18 day debate on slavery. for waging an 18 day debate on slavery.

• In 1839, he published In 1839, he published American Slavery as It American Slavery as It Is.Is. Almost nearly as influential as Almost nearly as influential as Uncle Uncle Tom's cabin. Tom's cabin.

Page 56: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues.

Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.

Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue.

1831, published The Liberator. In 1833, founded the American Anti-Slavery Society

R2-4

Page 57: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

R2-5

Page 58: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists

David Walker(1785-1830)

1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World- Called for the bloody end to white suprmecy.Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

Page 59: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

Page 60: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”

R2-12

Page 61: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Party SupportParty Support

• Many abolitionists supported the Liberty Many abolitionists supported the Liberty Party in 1840, the Free-Soil Party in 1848, Party in 1840, the Free-Soil Party in 1848, and finally the republican Party in the and finally the republican Party in the 1850’s. 1850’s.

• In 1830’s Southern states moved to In 1830’s Southern states moved to silence any abolition movements in the silence any abolition movements in the South and any ideas of emancipation. Nat South and any ideas of emancipation. Nat Turner’s rebellion played a huge role as Turner’s rebellion played a huge role as well as the Nullification Crisis of 1832 well as the Nullification Crisis of 1832

Page 62: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

Also compared slaveryTo the wage slaves of the North and said slavery wasKinder. These arguments further increased the chasmBetween the north and south.

Page 63: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Gag ResolutionGag Resolution

• In 1836, southern members of Congress In 1836, southern members of Congress got the Gag resolution passed. It required got the Gag resolution passed. It required all anti-slavery appeals to be tabled all anti-slavery appeals to be tabled without debate. This awakened John without debate. This awakened John Quincy Adams fought for 8 years to have it Quincy Adams fought for 8 years to have it repealed. repealed.

Page 64: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

Southern Slavery--> An Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?Aberration?

Southern Slavery--> An Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?Aberration? 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in

Phila.

By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.

1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.

1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free.

1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.

1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.

1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

Page 65: Early Emancipation in the North Missouri Compromise, 1820

US Laws Regarding US Laws Regarding SlaverySlavery

US Laws Regarding US Laws Regarding SlaverySlavery

1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]

2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.

3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.