Early Ideas About

Evolution

Darwin’s Observations

Natural Selection

Evidence of

Evolution

Evolutionary Biology Today

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Question 1 - 10

• Traces of organisms that existed in the past

Answer 1 – 10

• Fossils

Question 1 - 20

• This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

Answer 1 – 20

• Catastrophism

Question 1 - 30

• This principle states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

Answer 1 – 30

• Gradualism

Question 1 - 40

• An expanded version of the theory of gradualism – this theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time.

Answer 1 – 40

• Uniformitarianism

Question 1 - 50

• Name the scientist who had the following theories:– Species shared ancestors instead of arising

separately– Believed in the inheritance of acquired

characteristics– All living things were descended from a common

ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less complex forms

Answer 1 – 50

• Buffon• Lamarck• E. Darwin

Question 2 - 10

• Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

Answer 2 – 10

• Variation

Question 2 - 20

• An inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

Answer 2 – 20

• Adaptation

Question 2 - 30

• A variation that occurs among members of the SAME species

Answer 2 – 30

• Intraspecific variation

Question 2 - 40

• A variation that occurs among members of a DIFFERENT species

Answer 2 – 40

• Interspecific variation

Question 2 - 50

• Name the islands off of the coast of South America where Darwin gathered a great deal of evidence to support his theory and give two examples of organisms that showed evolution taking place.

Answer 2 – 50

• Galapagos Islands• Tortoises • Finches• Iguanas• Etc.

Question 3 - 10

• Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits

Answer 3 – 10

• Artificial Selection

Question 3 - 20

• Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

Answer 3 – 20

• Natural Selection

Question 3 - 30

• The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Answer 3 – 30

• Heritability

Question 3 - 40

• A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

Answer 3 – 40

• Fitness

Question 3 - 50

• Name the four main principles of the theory of Natural Selection

Answer 3 – 50

• Variation• Overproduction• Adaptation• Descent with Modification

Question 4 - 10

• The study of the distribution of organisms around the world

Answer 4 – 10

• Biogeography

Question 4 - 20

• The study of the early developmental stages of an organism to determine similarities and differences in species indicating that evolution has taken place

Answer 4 – 20

• Embryology

Question 4 - 30

• Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

Answer 4 – 30

• Vestigial structure

Question 4 - 40

• Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

Answer 4 – 40

• Homologous structure

Question 4 - 50

• Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

Answer 4 – 50

• Analogous structure

Question 5 - 10

• The study of fossils or extinct organisms that continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.

Answer 5 – 10

• Paleontology

Question 5 - 20

• The process of analyzing the sequences of nucleotides in a gene and how they have changed over time due to mutations. It provides evidence that evolution takes place.

Answer 5 – 20

• DNA sequence analysis

Question 5 - 30

• Sequences of DNA nucleotides that no longer function but are still carried along with functional DNA.

Answer 5 – 30

• Pseudogenes

Question 5 - 40

• Genes that control the development of specific structures

Answer 5 – 40

• Homeobox genes

Question 5 - 50

• Also known as molecular fingerprinting, this process reveals similarities in proteins of different organisms providing evidence of evolution.

Answer 5 – 50

• Protein comparisons