early islamic civilization and african kingdoms · pdf fileegypt arabia persia syria asia rome...

Early

Isla

mic

Ci

viliz

atio

n an

d Af

rican

Kin

gdom

s

Timeli

ne Ca

rds

ISBN: 978-1-68380-267-9

Cre

ativ

e C

om

mo

ns L

icen

sing

This

wor

k is

lice

nsed

und

er a

C

reat

ive

Com

mon

s A

ttrib

utio

n-N

onC

omm

erci

al-S

hare

Alik

e 4.

0 In

tern

atio

nal L

icen

se.

You

are

free

:to

Sha

re—

to c

opy,

dis

trib

ute,

and

tran

smit

the

wor

k to

Rem

ix—

to a

dapt

the

wor

k

Und

er t

he f

ollo

win

g c

ond

itio

ns:

Att

rib

utio

n—Yo

u m

ust a

ttrib

ute

the

wor

k in

the

fo

llow

ing

man

ner:

This

wor

k is

bas

ed o

n an

orig

inal

wor

k of

the

Cor

e K

now

ledg

e® F

ound

atio

n (w

ww

.cor

ekno

wle

dge.

org)

mad

e av

aila

ble

thro

ugh

licen

sing

und

er a

Cre

ativ

e C

omm

ons

Att

ribut

ion-

Non

Com

mer

cial

-Sha

reA

like

4.0

Inte

rnat

iona

l Li

cens

e. T

his

does

not

in a

ny w

ay im

ply

that

the

Cor

e K

now

ledg

e Fo

unda

tion

endo

rses

this

wor

k.

No

nco

mm

erci

al—

You

may

not

use

this

wor

k fo

r co

mm

erci

al p

urpo

ses.

Sha

re A

like—

If yo

u al

ter,

tran

sfor

m, o

r bu

ild u

pon

this

wor

k,

you

may

dis

trib

ute

the

resu

lting

wor

k on

ly u

nder

the

sam

e or

si

mila

r lic

ense

to th

is o

ne.

Wit

h th

e un

der

stan

din

g t

hat:

Fo

r an

y re

use

or d

istr

ibut

ion,

you

mus

t mak

e cl

ear

to

othe

rs th

e lic

ense

term

s of

this

wor

k. T

he b

est w

ay to

do

this

is w

ith a

link

to th

is w

eb p

age:

http

s://

crea

tivec

omm

ons.

org/

licen

ses/

by-n

c-sa

/4.0

/

Cop

yrig

ht ©

201

7 C

ore

Kno

wle

dge

Foun

datio

n w

ww

.co

rekn

ow

led

ge.

org

All

Rig

hts

Res

erve

d.

Cor

e K

now

ledg

e®, C

ore

Kno

wle

dge

Cur

ricul

um S

erie

s™,

Cor

e K

now

ledg

e H

isto

ry a

nd G

eogr

aphy

™ a

nd C

KH

G™

ar

e tr

adem

arks

of t

he C

ore

Kno

wle

dge

Foun

datio

n.

Trad

emar

ks a

nd tr

ade

nam

es a

re s

how

n in

this

boo

k st

rictly

for

illust

rativ

e an

d ed

ucat

iona

l pur

pose

s an

d ar

e th

e pr

oper

ty o

f the

ir re

spec

tive

owne

rs. R

efer

ence

s he

rein

sh

ould

not

be

rega

rded

as

affe

ctin

g th

e va

lidity

of s

aid

trad

emar

ks a

nd tr

ade

nam

es.

Med

ieva

l Is

lam

ic E

mpi

res

Timeli

ne Ca

rds

MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC EMPIRES

Introduction: CHAPTER 1After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the power of the pope increased throughout medieval Europe.


Introduction: CHAPTER 1Hagia Sophia, or Church of the Holy Wisdom, was built in the 500s CE in Constantinople as the main cathedral for the Eastern Empire.


Introduction: CHAPTER 1In 1054 CE, a split occurred in the Church in the Eastern and Western Empires.

Constantinople

Rome

Eastern Church

Western Church

Central city

English Channel

Mediterranean Sea

Atl

anti

c O

cean

Eastern ChurchGreek-speaking

Orthodox

Western ChurchLatin-speaking

Catholic

Key


CHAPTER 1: The Pillars of Islam

Big Question: Within the religion of Islam, who is Muhammad?

In 610 CE, Muhammad had his first vision of an angel speaking to him as God’s messenger.


CHAPTER 2: Muhammad

Big Question: What does Muhammad’s decision regarding the replacement of the holy stone reveal about his character?

In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers escaped to Medina (the Hegira).

MediterraneanSea

Mecca

Medina

AFRICAArabian Peninsula

ASIA

BaghdadDamascus

Cairo

The Arabian Peninsula

Red Sea

Arabian Sea

Persian Gulf

0 400 miles

N

S

EW

Path of the Hegira


CHAPTER 3: Islamic Expansion

Big Question: Why was the flight to Medina the start of a new period in the history of Islam?

Between 632 CE and 750 CE, Islam spread to the borders of India and China in the east, through northern Africa, and into Spain.

The Spread of Islam

Mediterranean Sea

ArabianSea

Red Sea

EUROPE

AFRICA

Egypt

Arabia

Persia

Syria

ASIA

Rome

Baghdad

Medina

Córdoba

Mecca

Cairo

Spain

Extent of Islam at Muhammad’s death in 632 CEExtent of Islam by 750 CE

0 1,000 miles

N

S

EW

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Damascus

Jerusalem


CHAPTER 4: Islamic Culture750–1200 CE: Europeans became aware of Islamic knowledge, especially in medicine and mathematics.

Big Question: How did the Islamic Empire contribute to the development of Western knowledge and culture?


CHAPTER 4: Islamic Culture

Big Question: How did the Islamic Empire contribute to the development of Western knowledge and culture?

The distinctive features of Islamic art and architecture were introduced to Europeans.


CHAPTER 5: The Crusades

Big Question: What events caused the First Crusade?

Pope Urban II called on Christians to recapture the Holy Land during the First Crusade (1096–1099 CE).




In 1187 CE, Saladin reclaimed Jerusalem.




In 1192 CE, at the end of the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin arrived at a compromise regarding the Holy Land.




In 1453 CE, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. They converted the church Hagia Sophia into a mosque.

Early

and

M

edie

val A

fric

an

King

dom

s

Timeli

ne Ca

rds

EARLY AND MEDIEVAL AFRICAN KINGDOMS

CHAPTER 1: The Geographic SettingThe ancient Egyptian civilization began around 3150 BCE and lasted thousands of years, thanks to the fertile land of the Nile River.

Big Question: How might the geography of Africa have influenced the development of early African kingdoms and empires?


CHAPTER 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum1500–1000 BCE: The Egyptian Empire spread to include the rich trading center of Kush.

Big Question: How did trade contribute to the rise of the Kush and Aksum kingdoms?


CHAPTER 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum730–591 BCE: The Kushites defeated and ruled the Egyptians for 150 years. In 591, after another defeat by the Egyptians, the Kushites moved their capital to Meroë. Kushite kings were buried in these pyramids.



CHAPTER 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum350 CE: The kingdom of Kush ended when it was attacked by its southern neighbor, Aksum.

Red Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Kush

Egypt

The Kingdoms of Egypt, Kush, and Aksum

0 400 milesKerma

MeroëAdulis

Nile

Riv

er

ArabianPeninsula

N

S

EW30° N

20° N

10° N40° E30° E20° E

Kush (circa 500 BCE)Aksum (circa 400 CE)Farthest extent of Egyptian Empire

Aksum



CHAPTER 3: Trans-Sahara Trade

Big Question: How did trade help spread ideas?

700s CE: In the 700s, when Arabs of the eastern Mediterranean conquered North Africa and Spain, trade routes were extended even farther. The caravans also helped to transport both goods and new ideas from the East to Spain, and beyond.


CHAPTER 4: Ghana, Land of Gold

Big Question: Why was salt almost as valuable as gold during this time?

300–1200s CE: Ghana became very rich and powerful by controlling the gold-salt trade.


CHAPTER 5: Mali and Sundiata Keita1230–1255: Sundiata became a powerful leader in the empire of Mali.

Big Question: Why might legendary stories have sprung up around Sundiata?


CHAPTER 6: Mansa Musa and His Pilgrimage

Big Question: What was so extraordinary about Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca?

1307–1332: During his rule, Mansa Musa expanded the empire of Mali and made it even more powerful.


CHAPTER 6: Mansa Musa and His Pilgrimage1324: During his pilgrimage to and from Mecca, Mansa Musa lavished gold upon many people.

Big Question: What was so extraordinary about Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca?


CHAPTER 7: Songhai and Askia Muhammad

Big Question: As Askia Muhammad expanded his empire, how did Islam grow within it?

1461–Early 1600s: The Songhai Empire was centered around the Niger River.


CHAPTER 7: Songhai and Askia Muhammad1493–1538: During the rule of Askia Muhammad, Islam spread throughout the Songhai Empire. Askia Muhammad’s tomb is still an important historical site today.

Big Question: As Askia Muhammad expanded his empire, how did Islam grow within it?


ATLANTICOCEAN

INDIANOCEAN

Black Sea

Nile River

Niger River

Mediterranean Sea

Aral SeaCaspian Sea

Tigris River

EUROPE

Mali

ASIA

Iran

India

Sri Lanka

Kenya

Arabia

China

AFRICA

Tangier

Jenne

Cairo

Mombasa

Constantinople

Baghdad

Kilwa

Delhi

Maldives

Beijing

Mecca

Damascus

N

S

EW

1330–32

Routes of Ibn Battuta1325–27

1349–531332–46

S A H A R A D E S E R T

Ibn Battuta’s Travels

Timbuktu

Granada

0 1,000 milesNote: Lines indicate routes Ibn Battuta may have followed

CHAPTER 8: The Travels of Ibn Battuta

Big Question: Why were the travels of Ibn Battuta so extraordinary for the time in which he lived?

1320s–1350s: Ibn Battuta traveled extensively throughout the medieval Muslim world. He published a book of his travels called Rihlah.

Med

ieva

l Isla

mic

Empi

res

Subj

ect M

atte

r Exp

ert

Ahme

d H. a

l-Rah

im, P

hD, D

epart

ment

of Re

ligiou

s Stud

ies, U

nivers

ity of

Virgi

nia

Illus

trat

ion

and

Phot

o Cre

dits

Title

Trave

l Libr

ary Li

mited

/Sup

erstoc

k

Introd

uctio

n (Ch

apter

1), C

ard 1

Iberfo

to / Ib

erfoto

/Sup

erStoc

k

Introd

uctio

n (Ch

apter

1), C

ard 2

Exter

ior v

iew o

f Hag

hia S

ophia

, buil

t 532

–37

AD /

Istan

bul,

Turke

y /

Bilda

rchiv

Steffe

ns /

Brid

gema

n Im

ages

Chap

ter 1

Th

e Arch

ange

l Gab

riel in

spirin

g Moh

amme

d in t

he m

osqu

e of m

edina

(g

ouac

he on

pap

er), O

ttoma

n Sc

hool,

(18th

centu

ry) /

Museu

m of

Turki

sh an

d Isla

mic A

rt, Ist

anbu

l, Turk

ey /

Photo

© AI

SA /

Bridg

eman

Im

ages

Chap

ter 4,

Card

1 Pre

parat

ion o

f me

dicine

s for

the

trea

tmen

t of

patie

nt su

fferin

g fro

m sm

allpo

x,mini

ature

from

the C

anon

of m

edicin

e,by

Avice

nna

(980

–103

7),Ot

toman

man

uscri

pt,Tu

rkey,1

7th ce

ntury

/ De A

gosti

ni Pic

ture L

ibrary

/ G. D

agli O

rti / B

ridge

man I

mage

s

Chap

ter 4,

Card

2 Tra

vel P

icture

s Ltd/

Supe

rStoc

k

Chap

ter 4,

Card

2 Ro

bert

Hube

rman

/Sup

erStoc

k

Chap

ter 5,

Card

1 Po

pe U

rban I

I ann

ounc

ing Fi

rst Cr

usad

e, 10

95, m

iniatu

re tak

en fro

m Th

is his

tory

of Cru

sades

by G

uillau

me d

e Tyr,

15th

centu

ry Fre

nch

manu

script

, Hist

ory of

Crus

ades,

11th

centu

ry / D

e Ago

stini

Pictur

e Lib

rary /

Bridg

eman

Imag

es

Chap

ter 5,

Card

2 Eg

ypt -

Syri

a: Po

rtrait

of S

aladin

(Sala

h al-

Din Yu

suf i

bn A

yyub

, 11

38–1

193)

, Abu

al-’I

z Ibn I

sma’il

ibn a

l-Raz

az al

-Jaza

ri (11

36 12

06),

15th

centu

ry. A

lthou

gh A

l-Jaz

ari w

as a c

ontem

porar

y of S

aladin

, the

attrib

ution

rema

ins d

ispute

d /

Pictur

es fro

m His

tory

/ Brid

gema

n Im

ages

Chap

ter 5,

Card

3 Ric

hard

Coeu

r de L

ion on

his w

ay to

Jerus

alem,

Glas

s, Jam

es W

illiam

(1

825–

57) /

Priva

te Co

llecti

on /

Photo

© B

onha

ms, L

ondo

n, UK

/ Bri

dgem

an Im

ages

Chap

ter 5,

Card

4 Tro

ops o

f Sult

an M

oham

med I

I layin

g sieg

e to C

onsta

ntino

ple in

1453

(ve

llum)

, Otto

man

Scho

ol, (1

5th ce

ntury)

/ Bib

liothe

que N

ation

ale,

Paris

, Fran

ce / D

e Ago

stini

Pictur

e Libr

ary / B

ridge

man I

mage

s

Early

and

Med

ieva

l Afri

can

King

dom

sSu

bjec

t Mat

ter E

xper

tDa

vid Ow

usu-

Ansah

, PhD

, Dep

artme

nt of

Histor

y, Jam

es Ma

dison

Unive

rsity

Illus

trat

ion

and

Phot

o Cre

dits

Title

Detai

l from

the

Catal

an A

tlas,

1375

(vell

um),

Cresq

ues,

Abrah

am (1

325–

87) /

Bib

liothe

que N

ation

ale, P

aris, F

rance

/ Brid

gema

n Ima

ges

Chap

ter 1

Early

Egyp

tians

using

a sys

tem of

weig

hts an

d pole

s call

ed sh

adoo

fs to

get w

ater fr

om th

e Nile

, Jack

son,

Peter

(192

2–20

03) /

Priva

te Co

llecti

on /

© Lo

ok an

d Lea

rn / B

ridge

man I

mage

s

Chap

ter 2,

Card

1 Sh

ari Da

rley G

riffith

s

Chap

ter 2,

Card

2 Joh

n Warb

urton

Lee/

Supe

rStoc

k

Chap

ter 3

A Cam

el Trai

n, 18

99 (p

anel)

, Lazer

ges, P

aul Jo

hn Ba

ptiste

(184

5–19

02) /

Pri

vate

Colle

ction

/ Pho

to ©

Bonh

ams, L

ondo

n, UK

/ Brid

gema

n Ima

ges

Chap

ter 4

age f

otosto

ck/S

uperS

tock

Chap

ter 5

Kirina

, one

of th

e thre

e Mali

nke t

owns

that

forme

d the

foun

datio

n of

Sund

iata’s

empir

e of M

ali / W

erner

Form

an Ar

chive

/ Brid

gema

n Ima

ges

Chap

ter 6,

Card

1 De

tail f

rom th

e Ca

talan

Atla

s, 13

75 (

vellu

m), C

resqu

es, A

braha

m (1

325–

87) /

Bibli

otheq

ue Na

tiona

le, Pa

ris, F

rance

/ Brid

gema

n Ima

ges

Chap

ter 6,

Card

2 Ma

nsa K

anka

n Mus

a I, 1

4th ce

ntury

king o

f the M

ali em

pire (

goua

che

on pa

per),

McB

ride,

Angu

s (19

31–2

007)

/ Pri

vate

Colle

ction

/ ©

Look

an

d Lea

rn / B

ridge

man I

mage

s

Chap

ter 7,

Card

1 Ca

noes

on th

e Nige

r Rive

r (eng

raving

), Eng

lish Sc

hool,

(19th

centu

ry) /

Priva

te Co

llecti

on / B

ridge

man I

mage

s

Chap

ter 7,

Card

2 Th

e tom

b of A

skia M

oham

med,

ruler

of the

Song

hai e

mpire

from

1493

to

1528

, at G

ao / W

erner

Form

an Ar

chive

/ Brid

gema

n Ima

ges

early islamic civilization and african kingdoms · pdf fileegypt arabia persia syria asia rome...

Documents