early practices of islamic administration

7/30/2019 Early Practices of Islamic Administration

1/41

PRESENTERS:

SITI ZAKIRAH CHE KU MAMAT G0923304

NOROUL RABITAH AZMAN G092


2/41

CONTENT OUTLINE:


3/41


4/41

CONT

Democratic in spirit

Participate in electing their chief

The decision made in the presence of elders

or nobles council of clan or tribe

Bedouins simple life

Hadhari city-state form of government


5/41

EACH FAMILY HAS OWN CHIEF, EACH CLAN HAS

OWN CHIEF AND EACH TRIBE HAS ITS OWN CHIEF

(SHEIKH)

Tribe

Clan

Family


6/41

PROPHET (S.A.W) PERIOD

Amir Ali (1978:112) writes: during 10 years Muhammad presided over

the commonwealth of Islam, a great changecome over the character of Arabs a

congeries of warring tribes and clans wererapidly consolidated into a nation under thisinfluence of one great idea

Administration of Prophet was simple andease No offices or officials

Mosque as a centre of all activities


7/41

CONT

In it Prophet resided, led prayer, metvisitors and foreign diplomats, discusswith the companions the affair of

community

1st administrative decision made byProphet was the planning , organizing and

executing of early followers toAbbyssinia.

2nd administering the great migration

(Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah


8/41

CONT

Had wuzara and ministers, secretary andofficial writers

3 kinds of administrations


9/41

CONT

All of them are responsible to Prophet


10/41


11/41

ADMINISTRATION UNDER PIOUS CALIPHS

Abu Bakr

Umar Al-Khattab

Uthman Affan

AliAbi Talib


12/41

AbuBakr

Umar as chiefjustice,distributing

poor tax

Ali supervisedcaptives,

treatment andransom

Abu Ubaidahas assistant

Muadzresponsible inincome and

expense


13/41

UMAR AL-KHATTAB (R.A)

Encouraged democratic methods in Islamicadministration

Select an honest and reliable person for taxcollector

Umar

Kufah SyriaBasrah


14/41

CONT

Interview Shura Probation

Process of selecting men to key position


15/41

CONT

Use method of accountability useintelligence service to keep an eye

Judging state officials and governors

Citizens were aware of their right andduties

right


16/41

Night Patrol

To maintainlaw & order

PrisonExile &

punishment

Specialoffice

Investigatecomplaints

Annualconference

Officers &governors

Treasuryhouse


17/41

High salary tostate officials

Freedom-day today affair

Limiting-general

Open doorpolicy

Qualifiedscholars for

judge

Development ofDiwan (dept)


18/41

1. Returning thetrust

2. Authority &power

3. Ruling accordingto laws of God

Overseeing

states affairs

1. Collect itrightfully

2. Spend itrightfully

3. Prevent dealingwith it wrongfully

Policy of

financialadministration


19/41

UTHMAN 'AFFAN (R.A)

Too old and weak

Just followed Umar footsteps

Not a creative caliph


20/41

'ALI ABI TALIB (R.A)

*ADMINISTRATORSHOULD

Duties

Responsibility

Relationship

Distributionof work

Againstcorruption

Equality

Based on

Quran &Sunnah

Justice


21/41

DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC

ADMINISTRATION


22/41

INTRODUCTION

Many institutions were established during theearly administration of Islam : The institution of caliphate The institution of wizarah (ministry) The institution of wulat (governors of

provinces) Diwan (secretariat)

Control boards : Hisbah (market inspector) Mazalim (investigation of grievances)


23/41

Derived from

Dev :

mad or devilPersian

Arabic

Dawwana :

To collect, regist or writedown on sheets.

collection of records,

sheets or poetry or

prose.


24/41

N

I


25/41

Use for an office,secretariat, board,

ministry or department.

A register for troopsand pensioners.


26/41

Diwan:Throughout The History


27/41

Diwan:Throughtout

The History

Diwan

al-Azimmah

Diwan as_sirr

Diwanal-

Riqa

Diwan-addiya

Diwan al-Mazalim

Diwan al-

Sawad

Diwan al-Nafaqat


28/41

The officeof a Muhtasib

Function

To promote good andprevent evil.

Outline Islamic ethicalcode.


29/41

Muhtasib

Entrusted with the maintenanceof public morals and standards inthe city.

To detect and punishimmorality, false weight andmeasures.

To enforce Islamic rules


30/41

ACCORDING TO THE QURANIC VERSES

And there may spring from you a nation who invite a goodnessand enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency. Such are they

who are successful.

(al- Imran, 3:104)

And the believers, men and women are protecting friends oneof another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong.

( Hud,11:71)


31/41


32/41

THEORETICAL GUIDELINES


33/41

Theoretical Guidelines for

Islamic Administration


34/41

Three basic historical documents: By Ali ibn Abi Talib

By chief secretary of the Umayyad Caliph

By Tahir Ibn al-Husayn to his son Abdullah ibn Tahir

10 manuscript Dar al-Kutub

5 manuscripts Sulaimaniyyah Complex


35/41

Theoretical Guidelines:

1st Document


36/41


2nd Document


37/41


3rd Document


38/41



39/41

Conclusion

Administration during Prophet and Khalifah arrasyidun as theguidelines to the Muslim.

Gradually, there is a specific task and become clear- function of

an administrative in government.

Different ways to strengthen the administrative task.

Previous- to reform the practice + behaviour.

Modern- for the political leverages.


40/41

References

Al-Bureay,M.A.(1990).Management and administration inIslam. Daharan: king Fahd University of Petroleum andMinerals.

Noor, Ismail. (1999). Prophet Muhammad s.a.w: the paragon

of excellence. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd


41/41

early practices of islamic administration

Documents