Early Settlement and Early Settlement and Colonial AmericaColonial America

English North AmericaEnglish North America

JamestownJamestown

Founded in 1607Founded in 1607Created by the Created by the Virginia Company Virginia Company (joint- stock (joint- stock company)company)Goal: Make $$$Goal: Make $$$11stst Permanent Permanent English Settlement English Settlement in New Worldin New World

JamestownJamestownEarly Problems:Early Problems:– Difficult ConditionsDifficult Conditions

SwamplandMosquito

JamestownJamestown““Starving Time”Starving Time”Most settlers Most settlers died because of died because of disease, harsh disease, harsh winter, & little winter, & little food food

JamestownJamestownCaptain John SmithCaptain John Smith““No Work, No No Work, No Food”Food”

JamestownJamestownPowhatan TribePowhatan Tribe– Provided food to Provided food to

early settlersearly settlers– Angry when Angry when

settlers take settlers take food & landfood & land

– PocahontasPocahontas

JamestownJamestownTobacco: Virginia Tobacco: Virginia GoldGoldJohn RolfeJohn RolfePlantations (large Plantations (large farms) createdfarms) created– Cash Crop economyCash Crop economy

JamestownJamestownHeadright Headright System:System:– 50 acres of 50 acres of

land for every land for every worker brought worker brought to colonyto colony

– More Land = More Land = More $$$More $$$

JamestownJamestownIndentured ServantsIndentured ServantsPlantation Workers:Plantation Workers:– 5-7 year service 5-7 year service

agreementagreement– Pay for voyagePay for voyage– Food & shelterFood & shelter– Land after Land after

contract contract completedcompleted

JamestownJamestownHouse of House of Burgesses:Burgesses: 11stst elected elected legislative body legislative body in the coloniesin the colonies– Run by the richRun by the rich– Create laws for the Create laws for the

Virginia colonistsVirginia colonists

JamestownJamestownExpansion Expansion Problems:Problems:– Poor farmers want Poor farmers want

more landmore land– Expand WestExpand West– Fight with IndiansFight with Indians– Rich refuse to helpRich refuse to help– Poor farmers turn Poor farmers turn

on rich farmerson rich farmers

JamestownJamestownBacon’s Rebellion:Bacon’s Rebellion:– Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon– Poor farmer Poor farmer

uprisinguprising– Burn JamestownBurn Jamestown– Scares rich Scares rich

landownerslandowners– Switch to slave Switch to slave

laborlabor

ReviewReviewWhat problems did the new settlers What problems did the new settlers face in the new world?face in the new world?What colonist saved the colonists from What colonist saved the colonists from starvation?starvation?What crop saved the Virginia What crop saved the Virginia Company? Who introduced it? Company? Who introduced it? What were the big farms called? Who What were the big farms called? Who worked on the farms?worked on the farms?11stst legislative body in English colonies? legislative body in English colonies?

Using the maps on pages Using the maps on pages

49,54,59 & 67 of your 49,54,59 & 67 of your textbook label your textbook label your

colonies map with all 13 colonies map with all 13 colonies.colonies.

&&shade in the New England, shade in the New England,

Middle and Southern Middle and Southern regions using 3 different regions using 3 different

colorscolors

Southern ColoniesSouthern ColoniesVirginia, North and Virginia, North and South Carolina, South Carolina, GeorgiaGeorgia

CarolinasCarolinasRoyal Colony: King Royal Colony: King ControlledControlledPurpose: Grow food Purpose: Grow food for the West Indiesfor the West IndiesMajor City: Charleston Major City: Charleston (Charles Town)(Charles Town)– South Carolina grows South Carolina grows

rich through traderich through trade– North Carolina lacks a North Carolina lacks a

good portgood portOuter Banks: Sink ShipsOuter Banks: Sink Ships

GeorgiaGeorgiaLast of the original Last of the original coloniescoloniesFounded: James Founded: James OglethorpeOglethorpePurpose:Purpose:– Buffer Colony: Buffer Colony:

Protect S.C. from Protect S.C. from Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida

– Debtor Colony: Debtor Colony: Place to start overPlace to start over

Life in the SouthLife in the SouthPolitical: Political: Government run by Government run by the rich plantation the rich plantation ownerowner– White males who White males who

owned land allowed owned land allowed to vote to vote

Virginia’s House of Virginia’s House of BurgessesBurgesses

Life in the SouthLife in the SouthEconomic: Plantation Economic: Plantation (cash-crops) economy(cash-crops) economy– Tobacco, Rice, IndigoTobacco, Rice, IndigoFew townsFew townsCharleston: Major cityCharleston: Major city

Southern EconomiesSouthern EconomiesThe economy of colonial Virginia and the The economy of colonial Virginia and the other Southern colonies in the eastern other Southern colonies in the eastern coastal lowlands was based on coastal lowlands was based on “cash “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.indigo.These cash crops were grown on large These cash crops were grown on large plantations and exported to Europe.plantations and exported to Europe.Farther inland, in the mountains and Farther inland, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

Southern Social StructureSouthern Social StructureSocial structure based on family status and Social structure based on family status and the ownership of land.the ownership of land.Large landowners in the eastern lowlands Large landowners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society dominated colonial government and society and maintained an allegiance to the Church and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England of England and closer social ties to England than did those in the other colonies.than did those in the other colonies.Society further inland, was characterized by Society further inland, was characterized by small-scale subsistence farmers, hunters, small-scale subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of Scots-Irish and English and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.descent.

SlaverySlaveryPlantation labor needs came to be Plantation labor needs came to be satisfied by the forcible importation of satisfied by the forcible importation of Africans.Africans.Some worked as indentured servants, Some worked as indentured servants, earned their freedom, and lived as earned their freedom, and lived as free citizens during the Colonial Era.free citizens during the Colonial Era.Over time, larger and larger numbers Over time, larger and larger numbers of enslaved Africans were forcibly of enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Southern colonies.brought to the Southern colonies.

SlaverySlaverySlaves replace Slaves replace indentured servantsindentured servantsMiddle Passage: Journey from Africa to Journey from Africa to AmericaAmerica– Part of the Part of the

Triangular Trade Triangular Trade Slave CodesSlave Codes: Harsh : Harsh laws against slaveslaws against slavesSlave Response: Slave Response: – Suicide, vandalism, Suicide, vandalism,

revoltsrevolts

SlaverySlaveryYou will need to know the story of You will need to know the story of slavery, from its beginning to how and slavery, from its beginning to how and why it came to be so strong in the why it came to be so strong in the Southern colonies.Southern colonies.Sounds like it may be a question on a Sounds like it may be a question on a test, doesn’t it????test, doesn’t it????Now, listen to my long and drawn out Now, listen to my long and drawn out story of slavery, take notes as you feel story of slavery, take notes as you feel you need to and ask questions if you you need to and ask questions if you have them.have them.

Middle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesPennsylvania, Pennsylvania, New York, New New York, New Jersey, Jersey, Maryland, and Maryland, and DelawareDelawareColonial Colonial BreadbasketBreadbasketRich Economy: Rich Economy: Farming & Farming & IndustryIndustry

Middle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesHome to multiple religious groups that Home to multiple religious groups that generally believed in religious tolerance, generally believed in religious tolerance, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey.Presbyterians in New Jersey.These colonies began to develop a These colonies began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers.small farmers.

Middle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesThe middle colonies incorporated a The middle colonies incorporated a number of democratic principles that number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of reflected the basic rights of Englishmen.Englishmen.

MarylandMaryland

Proprietary Proprietary Colony: Private Colony: Private land grantland grantFounded: Lord Founded: Lord BaltimoreBaltimore

MarylandMarylandPurpose: Safe Purpose: Safe place for place for Catholics (haven)Catholics (haven)Significance: Significance: Toleration ActToleration Act– Protected Protected

religious freedom religious freedom for all Christiansfor all Christians

PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPennsylvania: Pennsylvania: Proprietary ColonyProprietary ColonyFounded By: William Founded By: William PennPennPurpose: Home for Purpose: Home for QuakersQuakers– Pacifist religious Pacifist religious

group group Philadelphia: “City of Philadelphia: “City of Brotherly Love”Brotherly Love”

New EnglandNew EnglandNorthern area of English colonies.Northern area of English colonies.Made up of people seeking religious Made up of people seeking religious freedom (sort of!!!)freedom (sort of!!!)Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC), Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC), Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Rhode Island, Connecticut, New HampshireHampshire

MassachusettsMassachusetts

Pilgrims Puritans

Two groups of settlers:

Created for religious purposes

PilgrimsPilgrims1620: Arrive @ Plymouth

Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

William Bradford: Pilgrim leader

PilgrimsPilgrimsMayflower Compact: Legal document that established democracy in Plymouth Bay Colony

PilgrimsPilgrims

Squanto: Indian who taught Pilgrims how to grow food

Thanksgiving: Celebration of Indian – Colonist relationship

PuritansPuritansEstablished the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Non-Separatist: Goal is to be an example for all to follow and reform the church

PuritansPuritansJohn Winthrop: Puritan leaderGoal: create a “City on the hill”Covenant Community: All citizens working for God.

New EnglandNew EnglandNew England’s colonial society was New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.between religion and government.New England colonies used town New England colonies used town meetings in the operation of meetings in the operation of governmentgovernment

Religious FreedomReligious FreedomPuritans did not allow other faiths in Massachusetts

Dissenters: People who opposed Puritan control

DissentersDissentersRoger Williams:Founder of Rhode Island. Kicked out of Massachusetts for preaching “liberty of conscience”

Liberty of conscience = separation of:

Church

State

Anne HutchinsonAnne HutchinsonKicked out of MBC for disagreeing with ministers

Moved to Rhode Island

ConnecticutConnecticut

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st written Constitution in colonies

Founded by Puritans seeking greater freedoms and land. Led by Thomas Hooker who thought everyone should be allowed to vote, not just church members.

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthNew England: “Cod and God”

Rocky soil and long winters: Bad for farming

New England EconomyNew England EconomyShipbuilding:

Fishing: CodLumbering:

Subsistence Farming: you farm to sustain your life

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthReligion dominated all aspects of life

All people must learn how to read the Bible.

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthEducation: Elementary schools required to be built in all towns > 50 familiesHarvard College (1636): 1st college in America

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthAs MBC grows religious faith begins to decline.

Salem Witch Trials (1692): An attempt to scare people back to church by claiming Satan was corrupting society.

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthMany American colonists in the 1700s Many American colonists in the 1700s turned to a religious movement called turned to a religious movement called pietism, which stressed an individual’s pietism, which stressed an individual’s devoutness and emotional union with Goddevoutness and emotional union with GodMinisters spread pietism through,Ministers spread pietism through, revivalsrevivals, large public meetings for , large public meetings for preaching and prayer.preaching and prayer.This This revival of religious feelings revival of religious feelings became known as became known as the Great Awakeningthe Great Awakening..

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthGreat Awakening: A revival in the churchBrings passion and energy to church services.

Led by two men: Jonathan Edwards and George WhitefieldFire and Brimstone sermons

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthEffects of the Great Awakening:Effects of the Great Awakening:– More people go to churchMore people go to church– New churches createdNew churches created

BaptistBaptistMethodistMethodist

– New Colleges createdNew Colleges created– People question authorityPeople question authority

The EnlightenmentThe EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a European was a European cultural movement. It challenged the cultural movement. It challenged the authority of the church in science and authority of the church in science and philosophy and elevated the power of philosophy and elevated the power of human reason.human reason.This emphasis on logic and reasoning This emphasis on logic and reasoning was known as was known as rationalism.rationalism.John Locke John Locke was an influential was an influential Enlightenment writer. He argued that Enlightenment writer. He argued that all people had rights, and that society all people had rights, and that society can be improved. can be improved.

REVIEW QUESTIONSREVIEW QUESTIONSWhat was the 1What was the 1stst English group to arrive in English group to arrive in New England?New England?John Winthrop was the leader of this group John Winthrop was the leader of this group of people? What kind of city did he hope of people? What kind of city did he hope to create?to create?What is the difference between a What is the difference between a separatist & a non-separatist?separatist & a non-separatist?What were the TWO most important things What were the TWO most important things to colonial New Englanders?to colonial New Englanders?How did the geography of New England How did the geography of New England affect the lives of the people there?affect the lives of the people there?What was the 1What was the 1stst college created in college created in America?America? What two events can be linked to a What two events can be linked to a decline in religious faith?decline in religious faith?

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsWhat was the difference between the What was the difference between the Enlightenment and the Great Enlightenment and the Great Awakening?Awakening?The Enlightenment was a movement that The Enlightenment was a movement that challenged religious authority and challenged religious authority and stressed the power of reason, whereas stressed the power of reason, whereas the Great Awakening was a religious the Great Awakening was a religious movement that was a response to a movement that was a response to a declining religious fervor among people.declining religious fervor among people.