early twentieth century art
TRANSCRIPT
Expressionism Inspired by Fauve movement
The first two expressionist groups was formed in
1905 and was called Die Brucke (the bridge)
because it was intended to be the bridge between
the past and the future. It was led by Germans
artists Ernst Ludwing Kirchner and Emil Nolde, who
sought to show their displeasure with the effects of
industrialization on Germany.
The other group was called Der Blaue Reiter (The
Blue Raider) and was formed in 1911. Led by
Russian artist Vassily Kandinsky and German artist
Franz marc, they sought to express inner truths
through color and abstraction.
Movement toward abstraction, representational objects suggested rather than depicted
Title derived from musical composition
Strongly use of black lines
Colors seen to shade around line forms
This architectural
movement was created
by American architect
Frank Lloyd Wright, who
worked with louis Sullivan
(the inventor of
skyscraper).
Wright was inspired by
large horizontal expanses
of the American midwest
Designs that blend with
their surroundings
Designs that allow
freedom of movement
and incorporate outdoor
spaces
A hearth at the center of
the home
The use of cantilevered
construction
Is characterized by:
The use of fragmented
forms and multiple
viewpoints influenced by
Cubism
A preocupation with the
idea of speed
An attempt to depict
motion through repetition
This movement was led by Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin, who sought to make a new art form free from all of the traditions of the past.
Highly influenced by the Russian Revolution, he wanted to turn away from bourgeoisie ideas about art
Its characterized by:
The use of new industrial materials such as steel and plastic
Complete abstraction
Universal meaning
NEOPLASTICISM / DE STIJL 1915
This movement was led by Dutch artists Piet
Mondrain and The Van Doesburg, who
sought to create a rational utopian society
through the use of geometric abstraction.
The style applied to architecture, industrial
design, furniture design, and fine art.
When it became popular across Europe,
especially as an architectural style, it
became known as the INTERNATIONAL
STYLE
Characteristics The desire to create a new
reality based on principle of vertical and horizontal lines
The use of geometric forms, particularly squares and rectangles
The use of black vertical and horizontal lines of varied thickness combined with blocks
Architecture that was functional and efficient
Le corbusier Three bedroom villa with
servants quarters
Boxlike horizontal quality and abstraction of house
Main part of house lifted off the ground by narrows piltis, thin freestanding posts
Turning circle on bottom floor is carport, family members enter directly from their car
All space is utilized including the roof, as patio
Inspired by Russian
Constructivism and De
Stijl, German architect
Walter Gropius created a
school in Germany that
had a huge impact on art
and architecture.
Bauhaus
He Published “The Proclamation of
the Bauhaus” in which he
described his vision for:
A guildlike school that combined
architecture, furniture design,
industrial design, textile design,
typography, and fine arts.
A crafts based curriculum that
would allow the creation of
beautiful functional objects.
Classes taught mostly by avant
garde fine artists
Characteristics Bauhaus
A desire to create beautiful objects for mass production
A desire to create rational works that were the exact opposite of the highly emotional German Expressionist works
The use of simplified forms
Architecture that uses steel frame construction and glass
Asymmetrical architecture
Bauhaus
During the years of World
War II, all of the key
figures of the Bauhaus
left Germany for Britain,
the United States and
Palestine, where their
work and their modernist
philosophy influenced
numerous young
architects and designers
SURREALISM 1924
Inspired by the
psychological studies of
Freud and Jung
Sought to represent an
unseen world of dreams and
subconscious thoughts and
unspoken communication
Meant to puzzle, challenge,
fascinate
Sources of mysticism,
psychology and symbolic
Not meant to be understood
The Persistence of Memory, Dali
Huge empty spaces suggested by vast landscapes
Drooping watches tell different times
Only life is the fly on the watch and the ants on the closed watch
Hallucinatory
Barren and uninhabited landscape
Bonelike hand seems to caricature Dali´s face
Visual ironies, tree grows from a block, clock hags from dead tree branch
Joan Miro
Used simple forms
Built compositions first
with random washes
and then added
substance to the shape
the forms inspired
Amoeba like shapes
Spontaneous,
mysterious, serene
Color harmonies are
softly modeled
Meret Oppenheim, Object, 1936 Said to have been done in response to Picassos
claim that anything looks good in fur
Combination of unlike objects
Erotic overtones
Frida Kahlo, The Two portraits, 1939
Juxtaposition of 2 self portraits
Left: Kahlo dressed as a Mexican peasant the
stiffness and provincial quality of Mexican folk art
serves as a direct inspiration for artist
Her two hearts are twined together by veins that
are cut by scissors at one end and lead to a
portrait of her husband.
Barren landscape, two figures sit against a wildly
active sky
Kahlo rejected the label of surrealism to her work