Earth and SpaceEarth and Space

Solar SystemSolar System is composed of one star (Sun), planets and

their natural satellites (moons), and other heavenly objects

they ALL revolve around the sun Sun is the center of the solar system

Beyond solar systemBeyond solar systemSolar system is part of the Milky way galaxy

Galaxy = billions of stars that move around through space as one unit

Solar System Solar System

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/solar-system.html

SunSun

It is a star The closest star from the earth or other objects in the solar system

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Energy of the sunEnergy of the sun

• Comes from the fusion of Hydrogen gas to Helium

• Occurs in the sun’s core

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

PlanetsPlanets

IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria: The object must be in orbit around the sun It must be the only object that “use” its orbit Spherical in shape due to gravity

Solar System Solar System

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/solar-system.html

• Position: Closest planet to the Sun.• Atmosphere: Like Earth’s moon, very little.• Landscape: Many craters, a little ice. Cliffs and valleys

present.• Temperatures: Super-heated by the sun in the day. At night

temperatures reach hundreds of degrees below freezing. (Not as warm as you would think).

• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 88 days.• Moons: 0• Rings: 0

Position: 2nd planet from the sun. Atmosphere: Thick enough to

trap heat, hurricane winds, lightning, and acid clouds.

Landscape: Volcanoes and deformed mountains.

Temperatures: Intense heat. Year (Full rotation around the

sun): 225 Earth days. Moons: 0 Rings: 0

Position: 3rd planet from the sun. Atmosphere: Suitable air pressure

to have life. Air is made of oxygen. Landscape: The only planet that has

liquid on the surface, rocky, land formations.

Temperatures: Suitable for life. Ranges from locations on Earth.

Year (Full rotation around the sun): 365 Earth days.

Moons: 1 Rings: 0

• Position: 4th planet from the sun.

• Atmosphere: Thinner air than Earth.

• Landscape: Frozen water below the surface, rocky, dusty, and has craters.

• Temperatures: Like Earth, but drier and colder

• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 687 Earth days.

• Moons: 2• Rings: 0

Midnight Midnight sun on sun on MarsMars

• Position: 5th planet from the sun.

• Atmosphere: Colorful clouds, until it is squished unto liquid. Cold and windy, giant storms.

• Landscape: Thick super hot soup.

• Temperatures: Extremely cold at clouds. Extremely hot and cold radiation.

• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 12 Earth years.

• Moons: 62• Rings: 3

The Great Red Spot is a great anti-cyclonic (high pressure) storm akin to a hurricane on Earth, but it is enormous (three Earths would fit within its boundaries) and it has persisted for at least the 400 years that humans have observed it through telescopes.

• Position: 7th planet from the sun.• Atmosphere: Composed mostly of gas with no

solid surface. Cloud strips.• Landscape: No solid surfaces, high pressures turn

gas into liquids.• Temperatures: Rings made out of water ice,

really cold.• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 30 Earth

years.• Moons: 61• Rings: 7 division ring system

Position: 7th planet from the sun. Atmosphere: Gets thicker and thicker,

until it is squished unto liquid. Cold and windy.

Landscape: Layer of water and gases that form bright clouds.

Temperatures: Extremely cold at cloud tops and superheated towards the center.

Year (Full rotation around the sun): 84 Earth years.

Moons: 27 Rings: 11

1. Uranus is the coldest planet in the Solar System2. Uranus is turned over on its side3. Summer on Uranus lasts one long day – 42 years4. Uranus has rings5. You can see Uranus with the “naked” eye6. Uranus has only been visited once7. Uranus had diamonds! Oceans of liquid diamond, filled with solid diamond

icebergs, could be floating on Neptune and Uranus, according to a recent article in the journal Nature Physics.

• Position: Furthest from the sun (Cannot see without a telescope). 8th planet.

• Atmosphere: Very Windy, cold clouds, a layer of methane gas (giving it a blue color), storms as large Earth.

• Landscape: Scientist think it may have an ocean of super hot lava.

• Temperatures: Cold• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 165 Earth years.• Moons: 13• Rings: 6

• Pluto is NOT considered a planet anymore!

• It is classified as a dwarf planet.

• Temperatures: Extremely cold, covered with frost.

• Year (Full rotation around the sun): 248 Earth years.

• Moons: 3• Pluto is very hard to see,

even with a powerful telescope

Why was Pluto demoted?Why was Pluto demoted?

IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria: The object must be in orbit around the sun It must be the only object that use its orbit Spherical in shape due to gravity

• The sun is a star.• A ball of hot glowing gases.• It gets hotter as you go deeper.• Central force that has a high

influence on planets orbits.• Without the sun’s energy and

heat there would be no life on Earth.

• Stabilizes Earth. • Our moon is covered in craters and has no

atmosphere.• 1/6th gravity and no air.• Very hot and very cold temperatures.• Pieces of equipment lie on the moon-things

like the American flag!

• Full Moon - The Moon's illuminated side is facing the Earth. The Moon appears to be completely illuminated by direct sunlight.

• Waning Gibbous - The Moon appears to be more than one-half but not fully illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is decreasing.

• Last Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is decreasing.

• Waning Crescent - The Moon appears to be partly but less than one-half illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is decreasing.

• New Moon - The Moon's un-illuminated side is facing the Earth. The Moon is not visible (except during a solar eclipse).

• Waxing Crescent - The Moon appears to be partly but less than one-half illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is increasing.

• First Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is increasing.

• Waxing Gibbous - The Moon appears to be more than one-half but not fully illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is increasing.

BONUS POINTS: Moon Phase Edible Project

-Edible items

-Must show/represent the sun, Earth, and ALL phases of the moon

-Must be labeled

-If you have more than3 zeroes/missing assignments, you areNOT able to do this

Earth’s OrbitEarth’s Orbit

Gravity pull of the sunKeeps the earth from straying away from its Orbit.

gravity vs. inertia

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Earth’s OrbitEarth’s Orbit

elliptical in shape

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Moons in the solar systemMoons in the solar system

Planet No. of MoonsMercury 0

Venus 0

Earth 1

Mars 2

Jupiter 62

Saturn 33

Uranus 27

Neptune 13

http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Moons/MoonsSolSys.html

Earth’s MoonEarth’s Moon

Rotates on its axis No light of its own

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

EclipsesEclipses

When shadow of a heavenly body falls on another

Solar/Lunar eclipse Partial/Total Eclipse

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Other heavenly objectsOther heavenly objects Asteroid belt – found between Mars and Jupiter Comets-a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when

near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.

Meteoroids-a small body/mass moving in/through the solar system

Meteor-a small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth's atmosphere, becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light. “shooting star”

Meteorite-A meteorite is a solid piece of debris, from such sources as asteroids or comets, that originates in outer space and survives its impact with the Earth's surface.

StarsStars

Huge ball of flaming gas Has a life cycle constellations

http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/space/Images/star_constellations3.gif

ReferencesReferences

• Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

• Rabago, Lilia M., et al. Dynamic Science. 2003. QC: vibal Publishing House